1
Objectives:
Determine Functions and Relations
Evaluate Functions and Piece-wise
Functions
Represent real-life situations using
functions, including piece-wise
functions.
2
Some Definitions-
A relation between two variables x and y
is a set of ordered pairs
An ordered pair consists of an x and y-
coordinate
A relation may be viewed as ordered pairs,
mapping design, table, equation, or written in
sentences
x-values are input, independent variable,
domain.
y-values are output, dependent variable,
range
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Example 1:
What makes this a relation?
{(0, 5),(1, 4),(2, 3),(3, 2),(4, 1),(5, 0)}
•What is the domain?
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
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Example 2 –
Is this a relation?
Input 4 –5 0 9 –1
Output –2 7
•What is the domain?
{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?
{-2, 7}
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Is a relation a function?
What is a function?
According to a textbook, “a
function is…a relation in which
every input has exactly one
output”
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Is a relation a function?
•Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation
If the set of ordered pairs has different x-coordinates,
it IS A function
same x-coordinates,
If the set of ordered pairs has
it is NOT a function
•Y-coordinates have no bearing in
determining functions
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Example 3
{(0, 5),(1, 4),(2, 3),(3, 2),(4, 1),(5, 0)}
•Is this a relation?
YES
•Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
YES
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Example 4
{(–1, 7),(1, 0),(2, 3),(0, 8),(0, 5),(–2, 1)}
•Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
NO
•Is this still a relation?
YES
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Example 5
Which relation mapping represents a
function?
Choice One Choice Two
3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0
Choice 1
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Vertical Line Test
•Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function
if a vertical line drawn through its graph,
passes through only one point.
AKA: “The Pencil Test”
Take a pencil and move it from left to right
(–x to x); if it crosses more than one point,
it is not a function
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Vertical Line Test
Would this
graph be a
function?
YES
12
Vertical Line Test
Would this
graph be a
function?
NO
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REPRESENTATION OF
FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATIONS
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Example 7
Which situation represents a function?
a. The items in a store to their prices on a
certain date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
There is only one price for each A fruit, such as an apple, from the
different item on a certain date. The domain would be associated with
relation from items to price makes it a more than one color, such as red and
function. green. The relation from types of fruits
to their colors is not a function.
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Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be
expressed by the equation y = 2x.
What is the independent variable?
The # of pairs of shoes.
What is the dependent variable?
The total # of shoes.
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Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to
get there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is
represented by the function d = 55t (his average speed is
55mph.
What is the independent variable?
The time that he drives.
What is the dependent variable?
The total distance traveled.
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Domain and Range in Real Life
Johnny bought at most 10 tickets to a concert for him and
his friends. The cost of each ticket was $12.50.
Complete the table below to list the possible domain and
range.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12.50 25.00 37.50 50 62.50 75 87.50 100 112.50 125
What is the independent variable?
The number of tickets bought.
What is the dependent variable?
The total cost of the tickets.
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EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
9/7/2023 7:03 AM 1-6 Relations and Functions 19
9/7/2023 7:03 AM 1-6 Relations and Functions 20
Definition:
Piecewise Function –a function
defined by two or more functions
over a specified domain.
What do they look like?
x2 + 1 , x 0
f(x) = x–1, x0
You can EVALUATE piecewise
functions.
You can GRAPH piecewise functions.
Evaluating Piecewise Functions:
Evaluating piecewise functions is just
like evaluating functions that you are
already familiar with.
Let’s calculate f(2).
x2 + 1 , x 0
f(x) = x–1, x0
You are being asked to find y when
x = 2. Since 2 is 0, you will only
substitute into the second part of the
function.
f(2) = 2 – 1 = 1
Let’s calculate f(-2).
x2 + 1 , x 0
f(x) = x–1, x0
You are being asked to find y when
x = -2. Since -2 is 0, you will only
substitute into the first part of the
function.
f(-2) = (-2)2 + 1 = 5
Your turn:
2x + 1, x 0
f(x) = 2x + 2, x 0
Evaluate the following:
?
f(-2) = -3 f(5) = 12
?
f(0) = 2? f(1) = 4?
One more:
3x - 2, x -2
f(x) = -x , -2 x 1
x2 – 7x, x 1
Evaluate the following:
f(-2) = 2? ?
f(3) = -12
?
f(-4) = -14 f(1) = -6?
Graphing Piecewise Functions:
x2 + 1 , x 0
f(x) = x–1 , x0
Determine the shapes of the graphs.
Parabola and Line
Determine the boundaries of each graph.
Graph the
parabola where x
is less than zero.
Graph the line
where x is greater
than or equal to
zero.
Graphing Piecewise Functions:
3x + 2, x -2
f(x) = -x , -2 x 1
x2 – 2, x 1
Determine the shapes of the graphs.
Line, Line, Parabola
Determine the boundaries of each graph.
Graphing Piecewise Functions
x 4 x 4
g x 2x 5 4 x 1
x 3 x 1
Domain - ,
Range - , 7
3 7 x 4
1
x2 4 x 0
gx 2
x 4 0x5
1 5x7
Domain - (-7, 7]
Range - (-4, -2), [-1, 4]
