SPORTS BOULEVARD

3.2. Utilities

Contract 3, Bid Package 8 – King Abdulaziz Underpass

Stage: Issued for Construction
Section 3. Infrastructure

3.2.2. Reports

3.2.2.4. MEP Design Report

January 2023
2023-1444

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 QUALITY CONTROL SHEET DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD

DOCUMENT MEP DESIGN REPORT REVISION DATE CHANGE DESCRIPTION AUTHOR

PROJECT SPORTS BOULEVARD R01 31/01/2023 ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION CCM

CODE SB-DCC-DC3-B08-KABI-RPT-UTL-MEP-4000001

INITIALS CCM
AUTHOR
DATE 31/01/2023

INITIALS AME
VERIFIED
DATE 31/01/2023

RECIPIENT SBF

NOTES

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 CONTENT CONTENT

MEP DESIGN REPORT ........................................................................................................................................... 7 3.8.1. Fuel Tank 2500 L ....................................................................................................................................... 18

1. PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 3.8.2. Ventilation system .................................................................................................................................... 18

1.1. USAGE RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................................................................. 7 3.9. TUNNEL LIGHTING SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 19

1.2. SCOPE............................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.9.1. Color of the tunnel luminaires ................................................................................................................ 20

3.9.2. Luminotechnical calculation method ..................................................................................................... 20
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 7
3.9.3. Determining the stop distance ............................................................................................................... 20
2.1. UTILITIES .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.9.4. Determination of lighting levels ............................................................................................................. 21
3. ELECTRICAL DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3.9.5. Determination of luminance and length of the transition zone ......................................................... 21
3.1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 7 3.9.6. Determination of the exit zone ............................................................................................................... 22
3.1.1. Stakeholders and KSA authorities ............................................................................................................ 7 3.9.7. Determination of nightlighting ............................................................................................................... 22
3.9.8. Determination of lighting in the tunnel departure area ...................................................................... 22
3.2. SCOPE............................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.9.9. Determination of uniformity of luminance ........................................................................................... 22
3.3. REFERENCE STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................... 8
3.9.10. Limitation of glare .................................................................................................................................... 22
3.4. DESIGN CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................................ 8 3.9.11. Flicker effect control................................................................................................................................. 22
3.4.1. Energy supply ............................................................................................................................................. 8 3.9.12. Curve CIE (tunnel) results of the project ................................................................................................ 22
3.4.2. Electrical Network for streetlighting ........................................................................................................ 8 3.9.13. Luminaires used ........................................................................................................................................ 23
3.4.3. Electrical Network for tunnel .................................................................................................................... 8 3.9.14. Implantation of luminaries ...................................................................................................................... 24
3.4.4. System Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 8 3.9.15. Implantation in tunnel ............................................................................................................................. 24
3.4.5. Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.9.16. Lighting control ........................................................................................................................................ 24
3.4.6. Characteristics of available supply ........................................................................................................... 9 3.9.17. Technical room lighting ........................................................................................................................... 25
3.5. DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION FOR STREETLIGHTING ..................................................... 9 3.10. STREETLIGHTING ........................................................................................................................................... 25
3.5.1. Characteristics of available supply ........................................................................................................... 9 3.10.1. Low voltage network. General ................................................................................................................ 26
3.5.2. Medium voltage cables from switchgear to SEC transformer ............................................................ 10 3.10.2. Low voltage cables for SEC ..................................................................................................................... 26
3.5.3. Earthing system ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3.10.3. Conduits for SEC ....................................................................................................................................... 26
3.6. TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION FOR THE TUNNEL ..................................................................................... 10 3.10.4. Trench and Manholes for SEC ................................................................................................................. 26
3.10.5. Distribution Pillars .................................................................................................................................... 26
3.6.1. Substation power demand in the worst-case scenario ...................................................................... 10
3.10.6. Boards for energy meters ........................................................................................................................ 27
3.6.2. Substations equipment ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.10.7. Classification of the roads and selection of the lighting ..................................................................... 29
3.7. LOW VOLTAGE NETWORK........................................................................................................................... 12
3.10.8. Designed lighting ..................................................................................................................................... 29
3.7.1. Distribution boards .................................................................................................................................. 12 3.10.9. Lighting control ........................................................................................................................................ 30
3.7.2. Installed power ......................................................................................................................................... 12
4. VENTILATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................ 30
3.7.3. Cross-section of conductors and type of wiring and methods of installation ................................. 12
4.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
3.7.4. General formulae ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.7.5. Maximum Current admissible ................................................................................................................. 13 4.2. STANDARD & CODES ................................................................................................................................... 30
3.7.6. Voltage Drop ............................................................................................................................................ 14 4.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 30
3.7.7. Short-Circuit Current ............................................................................................................................... 14 4.3.1. Tunnel ventilation ..................................................................................................................................... 30
3.7.8. Protection calculation .............................................................................................................................. 14 4.3.2. Ventilation and air conditioning for technical rooms .......................................................................... 30
3.7.9. Cables and conductors ............................................................................................................................ 15
4.4. DESIGN CALCULATION FOR TUNNEL ........................................................................................................ 30
3.7.10. Conduits .................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.4.1. Input data .................................................................................................................................................. 30
3.7.11. Uninterruptible power system (UPS) ..................................................................................................... 15
4.4.2. Tunnel ventilation sizing .......................................................................................................................... 31
3.7.12. Capacitor bank.......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.4.3. Jet fans characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 33
3.7.13. Earthing system ........................................................................................................................................ 16
4.5. OPERATIONAL MODES ................................................................................................................................ 33
3.8. CARTERPILLAR GENERATOR SET OR EQUAL APPROVED ........................................................................ 17

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 CONTENT CONTENT
4.5.1. Normal operation ..................................................................................................................................... 33 7.6.1. Water demand .......................................................................................................................................... 41
4.5.2. Congested traffic ...................................................................................................................................... 33 7.6.2. Pressure drops .......................................................................................................................................... 42
4.5.3. Maintenance operation ........................................................................................................................... 34 7.6.3. Fire tank ..................................................................................................................................................... 42
4.5.4. Fire zone detection and emergency mode operation ......................................................................... 34 7.6.4. Fire Pump .................................................................................................................................................. 42
4.6. HVAC IN TECHNICAL ROOMS..................................................................................................................... 34 7.6.5. Supply Distribution Network................................................................................................................... 42

4.6.1. Air conditioning for technical rooms ..................................................................................................... 34 8. FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................. 42

5. PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................. 36 8.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. 42

5.1. PLUMBING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................... 36 8.2. STANDARD & CODES ................................................................................................................................... 42

5.1.1. Scope 36 8.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 42

5.1.2. Standards / Codes / Regulations. ........................................................................................................... 36 8.4. LINEAR FIRE DETECTION .............................................................................................................................. 43
5.1.3. Design Criteria. ......................................................................................................................................... 36 8.5. MANUAL FIRE ALARM .................................................................................................................................. 44
5.2. SANITARY AND STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM .............................................................................. 36 8.6. FIRE DETECTION IN TECHNICAL ROOMS .................................................................................................. 44
5.2.1. Scope 36 8.6.1. Manual alarm boxes ................................................................................................................................. 44
5.2.2. Standards / Codes / Regulations. ........................................................................................................... 36 8.6.2. Notification Appliances ........................................................................................................................... 44
5.2.3. Design Criteria. ......................................................................................................................................... 37 8.6.3. Addressable Multi sensor detectors....................................................................................................... 44
6. SMOKE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 38 8.6.4. Fire detection panel for two loops ......................................................................................................... 44
6.1. SCOPE............................................................................................................................................................. 38 9. CLOSED CIRCUIT OF CCTV ............................................................................................................................ 44
6.2. STANDARDS / CODES / REGULATIONS. .................................................................................................... 38 9.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
6.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 38 9.2. STANDARD & CODES ................................................................................................................................... 44
6.4. CALCULATION OF THE PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM .................................................................................. 38 9.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 45
6.4.1. Design Pressure Values ........................................................................................................................... 38 9.4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................. 45
6.4.2. Flow Calculation Procedure .................................................................................................................... 38 10. TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM......................................................................................................................... 47
7. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................... 39 10.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. 47
7.1. SCOPE............................................................................................................................................................. 39 10.2. STANDARD & CODES ................................................................................................................................... 47
7.2. STANDARD & CODES .................................................................................................................................. 39 10.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 48
7.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 39 11. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND SCADA ................................................................................................ 49
7.3.1. Design criteria for the tunnel .................................................................................................................. 39 11.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
7.3.2. Design criteria for the Technical rooms ................................................................................................ 39
11.2. STANDARD & CODES ................................................................................................................................... 49
7.4. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM FOR THE TUNNEL ............................................................................................... 40
11.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 50
7.4.1. Hose connections (Class I) ...................................................................................................................... 40
11.4. ACCESS CONTROL OF TECHNICAL ROOM ................................................................................................ 52
7.4.2. Fire department connections .................................................................................................................. 40
11.5. PLC .................................................................................................................................................................. 52
7.4.3. Fire extinguishers ..................................................................................................................................... 40
12. SIGNALING....................................................................................................................................................... 53
7.5. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM FOR TECHNICAL ROOMS................................................................................... 40
12.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. 53
7.5.1. Hose connections (Class I) ...................................................................................................................... 40
7.5.2. Fire Department connection ................................................................................................................... 40 12.2. STANDARD & CODES ................................................................................................................................... 53
7.5.3. Sprinkler system. ...................................................................................................................................... 40 12.3. DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 53
7.5.4. Fire extinguishers ..................................................................................................................................... 41
7.5.5. Clean Agent extinction system ............................................................................................................... 41
7.6. WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................................. 41

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 TABLES Table 30.Air Flow for Fire equipment rooms........................................................................................................ 35

Table 1. Summary of stakeholders and authorities................................................................................................7 Table 31.Air Flow for UPS room ............................................................................................................................. 35

Table 2. Reference Standards ...................................................................................................................................8 Table 32.Air Flow for corridors and other technical rooms ................................................................................ 36

Table 3. Methods of installation ............................................................................................................................. 13 Table 33. Standards and codes .............................................................................................................................. 36

Table 4. Current-carrying capacity in amperes. .................................................................................................... 13 Table 34. Table 3.4.4 SBC 701 ................................................................................................................................ 36

Table 5. Reduction factors for groups of several circuits or of several multi-core cables .............................. 14 Table 35. Standards and codes .............................................................................................................................. 37

Table 6. Voltage drop .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Table 36. Pipe slope ................................................................................................................................................ 37

Table 7. UPS measurements.................................................................................................................................... 15 Table 37. Rainfall Insensity curva ........................................................................................................................... 37

Table 8. Generator selection ................................................................................................................................... 17 Table 38. 314.2.2. SBC 701 ...................................................................................................................................... 37

Table 9. Generator set performance ...................................................................................................................... 18 Table 39. The rainwater collection areas .............................................................................................................. 37

Table 10. Fuel consumption .................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 40. Size of vertical Ducts and leaders3 from SBC 701 .............................................................................. 37

Table 11. Main fuel tank measurements ............................................................................................................... 18 Table 41. Size of horizontal Ducts and leaders3 from SBC 701 ......................................................................... 38

Table 12. Ventilation for the emergency generator ............................................................................................. 19 Table 42. Standards and codes .............................................................................................................................. 38

Table 13.Light levels ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Table 43.Standards and codes ............................................................................................................................... 39

Table 14. Velocity K factor ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 44. NFPA 13 Areas and Maximum Spacing for Sprinklers ....................................................................... 41

Table 15. Stop distance and long tunnels ............................................................................................................. 21 Table 45. Summary of the Clean Agent extinction system................................................................................. 41

Table 16. Traffic type ................................................................................................................................................ 21 Table 46. Standards and Codes ............................................................................................................................. 42

Table 17. Methods of installation ........................................................................................................................... 27 Table 47.Standards and codes ............................................................................................................................... 45

Table 18. Standards and codes ............................................................................................................................... 30 Table 48. Video recorder storage calculation ...................................................................................................... 47

Table 19. Tunnel geometry data............................................................................................................................. 31 Table 49.Standards and codes ............................................................................................................................... 48

Table 20. Traffic data ................................................................................................................................................ 31 Table 50.Standards and codes ............................................................................................................................... 50

Table 21. Representative vehicle fleet for underpass tunnel .............................................................................. 31 Table 51.Standards and codes ............................................................................................................................... 53

Table 22.Summary wind characteristics at portals ............................................................................................... 31

Table 23. Range of K1 values that apply for various HRRs ................................................................................. 32

Table 24. Summary of critical velocities according to tunnel grading .............................................................. 32

Table 25. Jet fans characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 33

Table 26. Threshold values for CO and visibility during normal operation ...................................................... 33

Table 27. Threshold values for CO and visibility during maintenance .............................................................. 34

Table 28. Fire detection zones ................................................................................................................................ 34

Table 29. Air conditioning in technical rooms ...................................................................................................... 35

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 FIGURES FIGURES
Figure 1. Sports Boulevard - Bid Package 8 extents and zones ........................................................................... 7 Figure 30. Schematic fire detection zones layout ................................................................................................ 34

Figure 2. Electrical substation ................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 31.Table A.7.2 (NFPA 502) Minimum Road Tunnel Fire Protection Reference Guide ......................... 39

Figure 3. Diesel generator room .............................................................................................................................. 9 Figure 32.NFPA 13. Sprinkler density curves ........................................................................................................ 41

Figure 4. Electrical substation ................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 33. Schematic fire detection zones layout ................................................................................................ 43

Figure 5. Medium voltage (MV) scheme ............................................................................................................... 10

Figure 6. Low voltage scheme ................................................................................................................................ 12

Figure 7. UPS image ................................................................................................................................................ 15

Figure 8. UPS connection scheme ......................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 9. Earthing installation scheme .................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 10. Generator set image ............................................................................................................................. 17

Figure 11. Generator set measurements ............................................................................................................... 18

Figure 12. Main fuel tank image ............................................................................................................................ 18

Figure 13. Coefficient of friction ............................................................................................................................ 20

Figure 14. Conical field of visiont .......................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 15.Light adaptation curve ........................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 16.Light adaptation curve ........................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 17. Light curve .............................................................................................................................................. 23

Figure 18. Light curve .............................................................................................................................................. 23

Figure 19. Light curve .............................................................................................................................................. 23

Figure 20. Longitudinal alignment......................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 21. Control diagram..................................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 22. Longitudinal alignment......................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 23. Longitudinal alignment......................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 24. Longitudinal alignment......................................................................................................................... 30

Figure 25. Tunnel typical cross-sections ............................................................................................................... 31

Figure 26. Design fire curve .................................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 27. Smoke development according to air velocity in the tunnel ........................................................... 32

Figure 28. Grade factor (Kg) for determining critical velocity ............................................................................ 32

Figure 29. Schematic jet fans arrangement .......................................................................................................... 33

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 MEP DESIGN REPORT 1.1. Usage responsibility
This report is intended for use by the client SBF and the client PMO only for Sports Boulevard Project and it should
1. PURPOSE be read in conjunction with other reports and drawings as referenced.

This Technical Report is part of Sports Boulevard Project Contract 3 – Bid Package 8. Any errors or omissions should be reported to the project consortium who is responsible for the drafting and updating
of this document.

1.2. Scope
This report describes all the works that, in a general way, shall be developed by MEP disciplines along Bid Package
8: King Abdulaziz Underpass. It aims to develop the power supply systems, lighting system and HVAC, Fire
Protection and Detection systems, Security Systems (CCTV and Access Control), Traffic Control, Communications
and SCADA systems, providing the set of consumptions and needs the solutions for the proper functioning.

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. Utilities
 Medium voltage supply of tunnel
 Low Voltage supply of tunnel
 Lighting of tunnel
 Streetlighting
 Ventilation systems
 Fire fighting system for the tunnel and technical rooms
Figure 1. Sports Boulevard - Bid Package 8 extents and zones
 Fire detection system for the tunnel and technical rooms
 Closed Circuit of CCTV
Contract 3 project has been divided in the deliverables detailed below:  Traffic Control System
 Communications System and SCADA
 Bid Package 07 Entertainment District
 Bid Package 08 King Abdulaziz Underpass
 Bid Package 09 Abu Bakr Underpass
 Bid Package 10 Athletics District 3. ELECTRICAL DESIGN
3.1. Introduction and objectives
This report describes all the works that, in a general way, shall be developed by the MEP team along Bid Package
8. It aims to compile the MEP systems provisions considered at the Issued for Construction Stage of the mentioned This section identifies the following aspects regarding Medium and Low Voltage (LV) supply and lighting of the
package. tunnel and street lighting.

Electrical systems scope is to describe the design methodology to be followed and the criteria used.

3.1.1. Stakeholders and KSA authorities

StakeholderName AreaofInfluence Reasonsfor Input

SaudiElectricity Company ElectricalPower Reviewofplannedexpansion

Review overall development plans in the

Development Agencies Strategic plans relevant to project
region

Table 1. Summary of stakeholders and authorities

Following authorities will be interfaced with throughout the project to achieve the required scope and the quality
standards will conform to their requirements.

 Riyadh Municipality (MOMRA).

 WadiHanifah development authorities.
 Ministry of Interior, Civil Defense Department

3.2. Scope
Following systems, equipment and materials are considered:
  Tunnel MV substation. 3.4.2. Electrical Network for streetlighting
 LV Electrical network The streetlighting will receive one 400-230V supply from two news SEC distribution Substations defines in the level
 LV conduits urban.
 Tunnel Lighting
Streetligthing switchboards will be supply from news MV/LV substations (property of SEC).
 LV Meters
 LV electrical network from LV Meters 3.4.3. Electrical Network for tunnel
 LV switchboards and panelboards The purpose of this section is to define and design the electrical and lighting utilities required in the tunnel. These
 LV conduits utilities have been defined and the obtained results are included in this report.

 Street Lighting The electrical utilities system for the tunnel has been determined under the Saudi Building Code Electrical
 Trenches and manholes Requirements (SBC 401). The purpose of SBC 401 is to provide minimum requirements to safeguard life, health,
 properties and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, installation, and use of electrical systems and
equipment in the buildings at the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It covers construction, location, operation, repairs,
3.3. Reference standards addition and replacement. In addition to safety aspects, these electrical requirements deal with basic principles and
requirements for the design and installation of some special systems.
Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the alternatives for the electrical system:
The Saudi Building Code Electrical Requirements (SBC 401) were developed based on the standards of the Saudi
Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) which in turn based on the International Electrotechnical Standards Series
of IEC 60364 (Electrical Utilities of Buildings).
ID Description
SASO standars Saudí Arabian standard The designed power distribution system is based 400-230 V. And it will allow the power supply with the requirements
of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety that match with the necessities of each sub-system.
SBC 401 Saudi Building Code Electrical
3.4.4. System Overview
SBC 601 Saudi Building Code Energy Conservation
Electric power to tunnel substation will be provided from MRMU existing (owned by the SEC, not object project).
SEC standards Saudi Electricity Company standards
The tunnel will receive one 400-230V supply from the Substation, defined in the level -2 of the tunnel technical room,
NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems
that will be installed for that purpose. The Low Voltage (LV) cables will be laid from the substation to the general
NFPA 111 Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power electrical panel LV, called “M” Main Distribution Board (“M” MDB), defined in the level -2 of the tunnel technical
room. Inside these rooms, all the required equipment (LV panels, etc.) will be installed.
EN and IEC European Normalization and International Electrotechnical Commission standards (when
there is no local regulation codes)

Specific requirements of the The general and specific requirements of the Local Authorities having jurisdiction such as
Local Authorities local Civil Defense Department

IEC 61935-1 Generic cabling systems – Specification for the testing of balanced communication cabling
in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801 – Part 1: Installed cabling

SBC401 and EN 62305 Lightning protection and Earthing system code

IEEE Std 80-2013 IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding

NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other LimitedAccess Highways

Riyadh Roads Lighting Code Guide for Lighting in the City of Riyadh

SASO 2927: 2019 Energy efficiency functionality and labelling requirements for lighting products. Part 3: Street
Lighting

CIE 88/1990 Guide for Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses

Table 2. Reference Standards

3.4. Design criteria Figure 2. Electrical substation

3.4.1. Energy supply

The diesel generator set have been defined in the level 0 of the tunnel technical room, this have been designed for
MV/LV electric power will be supplied by the Saudi Electricity Company. 100% of loads in case of fire, ventilation, evacuation lightning, escape lighting, uninterruptible power system (UPS),

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technical room, pumping, firefighting, environmental system and CCTV system. The autonomy of the generator set 3.5. Distribution Transformer Substation for streetlighting
in general conditions is 8 hours for the firefighting system.
3.5.1. Characteristics of available supply
Based on SBC 401, the main characteristics of the available supplies are the following ones:

 Nature of current: a.c. current

 Nature and number of conductors: three conductors
All electrical equipment, accessories and fittings will be to operate continuously in the electricity supply considering
the following typical Electric Company supply characteristics:

 Medium Voltage: 13.8 kV, 60 Hz, 3 phases, 3 wires.

 Type: Three-phase
 Phase to phase voltage: 400 V
Figure 3. Diesel generator room  Phase to neutral voltage: 230 V
 Short-circuit power (transformer input): 500 MVA at 13.8 kV side of transformer.
3.4.5. Methodology The power supply characteristics listed above have to be confirmed with local electric authority (SEC) at site. In
case of different characteristics for the SEC supply, the calculations will be redone and the installation will be
The methodology used for designing the electrical Utilities system has been defined based on SBC 401. This
modified appropriately.
methodology has been established with the following main purposes:
Each substation will supply electrical power to a public lighting panel, as indicated in the drawings. From the public
 The protection of persons, livestock and property
lighting panels, the electrical supply circuits to the luminaires will be made.
 The proper functioning of the electrical installation for the use intended
The electrical laying will be carried out in underground piping using PVC pipes as indicated in the drawings.
 Considering both aims, the information required as a basis for design and the requirements with which the
design should comply are listed below. The distribution transformer substation will generally comprise modular units of sectioning, protection and
 Characteristics of available supply or supplies transformation with one transformer. They will be housed. in general. in ground level.
 Nature of demand The canalization and the ducts for the supply of medium voltage and the medium voltage line will be carried out by
 Electric supply systems for safety services or standby electric supply systems SEC, this is not a project object.
 Cross-section of conductors
The substation will be carried out according to the following characteristics:
 Type of wiring and methods of installation
 Ring Main Unit (RMU). Transformer MV termination box and LV compartment shall all be mounted on a
3.4.6. Characteristics of available supply common galvanized steel skid
Based on SBC 401, the main characteristics of the available supplies are the following ones:  RMU transformer. MV and LV compartments shall all be provided with factory assembled removable
enclosure. The enclosure shall mechanically have arrangement to be de-assembled / assembled at site /
 Nature of current: a.c. current
workshop technicians and by the use of normal / simple tools.
 Nature and number of conductors: three conductors
 Enclosure shall be provided with adequate ventilation for different components of package substation to permit
All electrical equipment, accessories and fittings will be to operate continuously in the electricity supply considering natural circulation of air. The ventilation apertures shall be screened with galvanized / aluzinc double steel
the following typical Electric Company supply characteristics: mesh to prevent entry of vermin and other foreign bodies. The degree of protection of transformer
compartment shall be IP-23 with sand trap and remaining compartments shall be as given in 01-SDMS-01 for
 Medium Voltage: 13.8 kV, 60 Hz, 3 phases, 3 wires.
public application.
 Type: Three-phase
 Transformer shall be of suitable for package substation, public ground-mounted type and generally shall
 Phase to phase voltage: 400 V comply with all applicable clauses of SEC specification 51-SDMS-1 and including the following requirements.
 Phase to neutral voltage: 230 V Transformer will be three phase oil transformer 13.8kV/400V Dyn11 500kVA as per SEC Specifications. The
 According to 01-SDMS-01 REV2 (Clause 3.6), the short-circuit level considered is 21 kA and its duration is 1s short circuit current that transformer should withstand for two seconds is 20 times full load current for rating of
at the connection point for a connection voltage of 13,8 kV 500kVA.
The power supply characteristics listed above have to be confirmed with local electric authority (SEC) at site  Ring Main Unit shall be of indoor type SF6 insulated, motorized non-extensible ring main unit (RMU) 17.5kV
because it depends on Bid Package 07 development. In case of different characteristics for the SEC supply, the (to be used in 13.8kV) and shall generally comply with SEC specification 32- SDMS-04.
calculations will be redone and the installation will be modified appropriately.  Each MV/LV substation includes a LV panel which contains incoming transformer connections, busbar,
instrument panel, molded case circuit breaker up to 400A for out-going circuits, neutral busbar and earthing
terminals, according to SEC specification 31-SDMS-01.

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3.5.2. Medium voltage cables from switchgear to SEC transformer The substation will change the voltage 13.8kV to 400V, with dry transformers.

Unless otherwise specified, the cable shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with the SEC standards. Three electrical systems are planned for the Tunnel:

SEC cables will be 3x50/16, XLPE insulated, unarmored, three core copper rated voltages from 15 kV up to 36 kV  Normal supply (no critical and critical loads): 400/230 V, 60Hz.
(Um).
 Emergency supply 400/230 V, 60Hz. Supply generator in case of failure of SEC substation.
 Uninterruptible power system (UPS) these provides emergency power to a critical load when the input
power source failure and properly shut down the protected equipment.
3.5.3. Earthing system
Medium voltage (MV) scheme:
It will be installed an earthing protection system which aim is to limit the voltage to ground that may appear on the
metal masses, by an insulation fault (touch voltage), and ensure the protections work.

SEC transformers are in compliance with SEC distribution construction standard SDCS-03 Part I. Earthing in this
case shall be 5 ohm.

A TNS system has been designed.

One earth grid with buried tinned bare cooper wire has been designed with earthing conductor of 1x70 mm². All
technical rooms of each substation will have earth bar. The main earth bar will be joined with the earth grid with
yellow/green XLPE conductor of 35 mm².

The earth grid has been designed with buried bare cooper earthing conductor of 1x70 mm² so that the step voltage
and touch voltage to be acceptable.

Touch voltage: The difference in potential between metallic objects or structures in the substation site that may be
by direct contact, hand-to-hand or hand-to-feet.

Touch voltage and Touch voltage are calculated in the earthing calculations.

The earthing system will be carried out as indicated in drawings Figure 5. Medium voltage (MV) scheme

3.6. Transformer substation for the tunnel

Based on SBC 401, the main characteristics of the available supplies are the following ones:
One substation has been designed for the supply of electrical energy in the tunnel. This substation is defined in the
level -2 of the tunnel technical room, with double doors opening to the outside for the ease of entering or removing  Nature of current: a.c. current
the transformers. The substation room will have a minimum fire resistance of 120 minutes.  Nature and number of conductors: three conductors
All electrical equipment, accessories and fittings will be to operate continuously in the electricity supply considering
the following typical Electric Company supply characteristics:

 Medium Voltage: 13.8 kV, 60 Hz, 3 phases, 3 wires.

 Type: Three-phase
 Phase to phase voltage: 400 V
 Phase to neutral voltage: 230 V
 According to 01-SDMS-01 REV2 (Clause 3.6), the short-circuit level considered is 21 kA and its duration
is 1s at the connection point for a connection voltage of 13,8 kV
Substation one will consist of two transformers of 2000 kVA each one, in 1 + 1 operation, one of them as reserve.

All transformers must be energized for operation of the firefighting installation.

3.6.1. Substation power demand in the worst-case scenario

- Total power demand:

G- LIGHTING 80363 W

Figure 4. Electrical substation

H- LIGHTING 103998 W

F TECHNICAL ROOM 57749 W

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A VENTILATION 252000 W • Mainly active current: 400 A

B VENTILATION 630000 W • IAC Classification: AFL

C PUMPING 17800 W Physical characteristics:

D CLEANING SYSTEM 22000 W • Width: 365 mm

EVACUATION STAIRS 7385 W • Depth: 735 mm

MF1 FIREFIGHTING 77280 W • Height: 1740 mm

JOCKEY PUMP 5520 W • Weight: 95 kg

UPS SWITCHBOARD 36058 W 3.6.2.2. Two breaker switchgear

TOTAL 1.290.153 W Switchgear with metallic enclosure and SF6 gas insulation, made by a module with the following characteristics:

The breaker switchgear is constituted by a metal module with insulation and breaking in SF6 gas, which
incorporates inside an upper copper busbar, and a bypass with a rotary switch-disconnector, a vacuum breaker,
In order to measure the Transformers, the worst condition in the event of a fire inside the tunnel has been interlocked with the disconnector, with breaking and isolation capacity, and earthing position.
considered.
Electrical characteristics:
This condition occurs when there is a fire in the northbound tub.
• Rated voltage: 17.5 KV
In this case, 10 fans can operate on the northbound tub and 4 fans on the southbound tube.
• Rated current: 200 A
The total power demand is 1290.15 KW, considering a power factor of 0.95, a power demand of 1358,05 kVA is
obtained. • Industrial frequency (1 min) to earth and between phases: 38 kV

This 1358,05 kVA power is supplied with one 2000 KVA transformer, reserve 20%. • Impulse type lightning to ground and between phases (peak): 95 kV

The substation will consist of two transformers of 2000 kVA each one, in 1 + 1 operation, one of them as reserve. • Breaking capacity (peak): 50 kA

The MRMU will be located less than 20 m away from the tunnel CT, inside a sectioning center, from where the • Current of short duration (1 s), effective: 25 kA
energy measurement will be carried out.
Physical characteristics:
3.6.2. Substations equipment
• Width: 480 mm
3.6.2.1. One switchgear feeder function
• Depth: 850 mm
Switchgear with metallic enclosure, made by a module with the following characteristics:
• Height: 1740 mm
The switchgear is constituted by a metal module with insulation and breaking in SF6 gas, which incorporates inside
an upper copper busbar, and a bypass with a rotary switch-disconnector, with breaking and isolation capacity, and • Weight: 218 kg
earthing position. 3.6.2.3. Two Transformer: 24 kV dry transformer
Electrical characteristics: Three-phase voltage reducing transformer, with neutral accessible in the secondary, 2000 kVA power and dry
natural cooling, primary voltage 13,8 kV and secondary voltage 420 V vacuum (B2) .
• Rated voltage: 17.5 kV
Other constructive characteristics:
• Rated current: 400 A
• Regulation in the primary: +/- 5%, +/- 2.5%
• Current of short duration (1 s), effective: 25 kA
• Short-circuit voltage (Ecc): 6%
• Current of short duration (1 s), peak: 50 kA
• Connection group: Dyn11
• Level of isolation
• Built-in protection to the transformer: Electronic alarm center
• Industrial frequency (1 min) to earth and between phases: 38 kV

• Impulse type lightning to ground and between phases (peak): 95 kV

• Breaking capacity (peak): 50 kA

Breaking capacity
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3.7. Low voltage network 3.7.2. Installed power
- Total installed power:
3.7.1. Distribution boards
G- LIGHTING 80363 W
The construction of the main distribution boards and sub-main distribution boards will comply with SBC 401,
requirements of IEC-61439. Ingress protection will be to IP 31. H- LIGHTING 103998 W
Switchgear of the correct current will be installed in The distribution boards, magnetic circuit breakers and residual F TECHNICAL ROOM 57749 W
current devices according to specifications and SBC 401, considering a sensibility for residual current devices(Earth
Leakage Circuit Breaker) of 30 mA minimum. A VENTILATION 378000 W

Low voltage main distribution switchboard (“M” MDB) will provide power for all low voltage systems through power B VENTILATION 630000 W
wire connected between secondary switchboard and low voltage loads.
C PUMPING 26700 W
The “M” MDB shall be located in a dedicated low voltage room attached to substations. The output of the generator
D CLEANING SYSTEM 22000 W
sets shall be connected to a “M” MDB, which shall be the main distribution node for the emergency power supply to
the building. EVACUACION STAIRS 7385 W

The form used to Low voltage main distribution switchboard is 3b, for Low voltage secondary distribution MF1 FIREFIGHTING 77280 W
switchboard is 2b
MF2 FIREFIGHTING 77280 W
The following switchboards have been proposed for the tunnel.
JOCKEY PUMP 5520 W
 M MDB
UPS SWITCHBOARD 36058 W
 G- LIGHTING SWITCHBOARD
TOTAL 1.503.233 W
 H- LIGHTING SWITCHBOARD
 F TECHNICAL ROOM SWITCHBOARD 3.7.3. Cross-section of conductors and type of wiring and methods of installation
 A VENTILATION The cross-section of conductors shall be determined according to the maximum continuous current- carrying
 B VENTILATION capacities in addition to the following:
 EVACUATION STAIRS  Their admissible maximum temperature;
 UPS  The admissible voltage drop;
 C PUMPING  The electromechanical stresses likely to occur due to short-circuits;
 D CLEANING SYSTEM  Other mechanical stresses to which the conductors can be exposed;
 FIREFIGHTING  The maximum impedance with respect to the functioning of the protection against fault currents.
 Moreover, the choice of the type of wiring and the methods of installation depends on:
 The nature of the locations;
 The nature of the walls or other parts of the building supporting the wiring;
 Accessibility of wiring to persons and livestock;
 Voltage;
 The electromechanical stresses likely to occur due to short-circuits;
 Other stresses to which the wiring can be exposed during the erection of the electrical installation or in service.
As aforementioned, this electrical installation system has been designed based on SBC 401. Thus, the following
tables show a list of materials and their electrical features for the electrical utilities system. These tables are included
in SBC 401. The cross-section to be chosen has to be selected as follows:

Firstly, according to the simultaneous power to be transported by the wire, the related electric current has to be
determined

Figure 6. Low voltage scheme By using the table below, the suitable cable is chosen considering the maximum allowable current for this kind of
installation.

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Chapter 52, named Wiring systems and included in SBC 401, deals with the selection and mounting of wiring Electrical Calculations are justified in Appendix Electrical Calculations.
systems. Once selecting a buried low-voltage wiring system and XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene) as the material
for the insulation and Copper for the cables, tables A.52-1 and A.52-5 have been utilized to find out the proper
cross-section of the conductor. 3.7.5. Maximum Current admissible
In the calculation of the facilities, be verified that the maximum currents of the lines are less than the withstood by
the low voltage regulation, taking into account the correction factors depending on the type of installation and its
particular conditions.

In the next table are shows of current capacity for methods of installation, based on SBC 401.

Table 3. Methods of installation

3.7.4. General formulae

The requirements of these calculations are intended to achieve a satisfactory operation life, of conductors and
equipment insulation, under the thermal effects of conducted current for long periods of time in normal service.
Other considerations affect the choice of cross-sectional area of conductors, such as the requirements for protection
Table 4. Current-carrying capacity in amperes.
against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41), protection against thermal effects (IEC 60364-4-42), overcurrent protection
(IEC 60364-4-43), voltage drop (IEC 60364-5-52), and limiting temperatures for terminals of equipment to which the In the next table are shows Reduction factors for groups of several circuits or of several multi-core cables, used in
conductors are connected (IEC 60364-5-52). the calculation annex, based on SBC 401.

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 In the formulae have been used the following terms: Ul: Phase to phase voltage in V

 Uf: simple voltage in V

 Zt: total impedance at the point of short-circuit in ohm
 Icc: short-circuit current in kA
The total impedance at the point of short-circuit is obtained from the total resistance and total reactance of the
network elements to the point of short:

Protection devices must have a breaking power greater than or equal to the short-circuit current estimated to in its
installation point and should act in a time that the temperature reached by the cables does not exceed the maximum
permitted by the cable. In this case the curve of action of circuit breakers must be below thermal curve of the driver.

Table 5. Reduction factors for groups of several circuits or of several multi-core cables Will also take into account the minimum short-circuits current determined by a short circuit in phase- neutral and at
the end of the line or circuit in study.
3.7.6. Voltage Drop
This value is needed to determine if a cable is protected along its entire length to short-circuit, it is an essential
Type of installation: general installation.
condition that the current is greater or equal to the current of the electromagnetic shutter.
Schema type: industrial facility with own transformer. The voltage drop shall not exceed the following values:
3.7.8. Protection calculation
Lighting 3%
All the distribution circuits will be protected by automatic circuit breaking switches.
Other uses 5%
Also, residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) are contemplated to protect people and goods. These ones will be
protected against sudden tripping for points under 250 A. and will be of type A. They will be sensitive to pulsating
DC for led lighting circuits and will be switched on by electronic ballast and computer. Super Immunized (SI) switches
will be used for lines supplying computers. The rest of the switches will be AC.

The protection switches of the secondary control panels will withstand the starting loads without tripping. They will
also withstand the short circuit currents that occur in the lines rapidly disconnecting the mechanisms when these
currents are exceeded or in the event of permanent overloads.

All the supplies from the LVMS will be three-phased. Protected by (adjustable) standard relay moulded case or
electronic one. with of a suitable gauge for the loads they carry. Ensuring sufficient breaking capacity for the
expected short circuit current in the LVMS.

It is required the following specification:

ACB: Air circuit breaker (>800 A)

MCCB: Moulded case circuit breaker (125-800 A)

Table 6. Voltage drop MCB: Mini circuit breaker (<125 A)

3.7.7. Short-Circuit Current The MCB circuit breakers shall have trip curves in accordance with the international norms, depending on the use
of the circuits to be protected (only for final branch circuits):
Phase-Phase:
B type curve (3 to 5 x In) lighting and general use socket long distance circuits and low short circuit rating;

C type curve (5 to 10 x In) lighting and general use socket circuits;

D type curve (10 to 20 x In) Power circuits.

Phase-Neutral:

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3.7.9. Cables and conductors For battery backup time has been considered that, the emergency lighting will be provided per SBC 201 section
1008. The emergency power system shall automatically provide secondary power within 0,5 seconds after primary
The cables will be halogen free, self-extinguishing, non-propagators of flame and fire, and the vapours given off will
power is lost and shall provide power for a duration of not less than 90 minutes.
not be combustible. They will not give off corrosive gases and they will have low smoke and toxic gas emissions.
They will be highly resistant to humidity and chemical and atmospheric agents. The cover will be abrasion resistant
and armoured.
Anyway, the UPS is mere support of the switching the generator set.
It shall be used two kind of cables for the different electric lines:
W D H Weight
Article Description
Category I electric loads: It shall be used FRHF (Fire resistance & retardant cables). The basic characteristics of (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg)

this kind of cable are: It continues operating in the presence of fire (at least 3 hours with temperatures above 800º MASTERYS GP4 60KVA UPS 3/3 400V PF=1 FOR EXTERNAL
U4GP063M00-0-00 600 855 1400 201
C). It will not convey or propagate fire, flame retardant properties, zero halogen gases, low smoke and toxic gas BATTERY CABINET
emissions and no-corrosion active products
MASTERYS LONG LIFE BATTERY CABINET WITH CABLES AND
2MBF44-092L2H-K 1620 865 1920 3480
Category II & III electric loads and power source lines from main low voltage switchboards: It shall be used cables MCCB PROTECTION 250A

with the next basic characteristics: it will not convey or propagate fire, flame retardant properties, zero halogen
gases, low smoke and toxic gas emissions and no-corrosion active products Table 7. UPS measurements
The installed ups guarantee the continuity of the priority services:
3.7.10. Conduits
 Tunnel Emergency Lighting
The conduits used will be as follows:
 Escape Route Lighting
Perforated metal cable tray of 100, 200, 400 and 600x100 mm section for supporting, conducting and protecting
 CCTV Monitoring
cables and electric trench 0.6 m deep and up to two meters wide according to plan details in substation
 Traffic Lights
Flexible PVC Tube type: self-extinguishing, compliant with DIN 40022.
 Escape Route Lighting
PVC Duct Wireways: will be used for downpipes to the electric control panels and will be stapled to the facing walls.  Integrated Tunnel Control System (SCADA)
Galvanized steel tube: for visible installations in areas where there is no false ceiling and in the downpipes to  Barrier
mechanisms that are on the surface.  Anemometer
Electrical distribution pipeline shall be buried under HDPE pipes in the tunnel area according to plan details in tunnel  Opacimeter
area.  CO meter

Cable tray sizing calculations are justifying on SB-DCC-DC3-B08-KABI-ANX-UTL-ELE-4000005-D01

The installed power in UPS is 36,05 kW, equivalent to 41 KVA.
3.7.11. Uninterruptible power system (UPS)
With a 20% power reserve, we obtain 51.25 kVA. The chosen commercial model is 60 kVA.
60 KVA UPS units have been installed in the level -2 of the tunnel technical room.
Connection scheme:

Figure 7. UPS image

The runtime of the UPS system must guarantee that the following critical loads can be supplied at least 1.5 hour of
energy.

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 Cosøto get: 0.95.

Condenser connection: in triangle.

Reactive power to compensate (kvar): 375,51

Capacitor bank power: 400 kvar

step power (kvar): 50

steps: 2x50 + 3x100

3.7.13. Earthing system

It will be installed an earthing protection system which aim is to limit the voltage to ground that may appear on the
metal masses, by an insulation fault (touch voltage), and ensure the protections work.

Consumer transformer and RMU are in compliance IEEE 80. 14.1 Usual requirements: "A good grounding system
provides a low resistance to remote earth in order to minimize the GPR. For most transmission and other large
substations, the ground resistance is usually about 1 Ω or less. In smaller distribution substations, the usually
acceptable range is from 1 Ω to 5 Ω, depending on the local conditions". So, earthing in this case could be 5 ohm.

A TNS system has been designed.

One earth grid with buried tinned bare cooper wire has been designed with earthing conductor of 1x950 mm². All
technical rooms of the substation will have earth bar. The main earth bar will be joined with the earth grid with
yellow/green XLPE conductor of 95 mm².

The earth grid has been designed with buried bare cooper earthing conductor of 1x95 mm² so that the step voltage
Figure 8. UPS connection scheme and touch voltage to be acceptable.

Touch voltage: The difference in potential between metallic objects or structures in the substation site that may be
3.7.12. Capacitor bank by direct contact, hand-to-hand or hand-to-feet.

An automatic capacitor bank has been installed to correct the factor power of the installation in the technical room. Touch voltage and step voltage are calculated in the earthing calculations.
The capacitor bank connected to the main distribution board of the main busbar and has the following
To prevent touch voltages and step voltage, on the ground of the substations, a welded grid will be installed with
characteristics:
rounds of not less than 4 mm. in grid 0,30x0,30 m as minimum. This grid will connect at least two opposite points
 - Rated voltage: 400 – 480 V of the grid substation earthing.

 - Frequency: 60Hz This grid will be covered by a layer of concrete of 10 cm. as minimum.
 - Voltage variations: ±10%
In this way, the risk of touch voltage and step voltage inside will be removed.
 - Frequency variations: ±1%
Installation scheme:
 - Max. Peak ambient shade temperature: + 40ºC
 - Min. ambient temperature: - 40 ºC
 - Maximum allowed temperature for the operation of the equipment: + 25 ºC
 - Minimum allowed temperature for the operation of the equipment: + 5 ºC
 - Maximum allowed relative humidity: 80%
 - Altitude: lower than 1.000 above sea level.

The installed capacitor bank is:

Supply: three-phase.

Operating voltage: 400 V. 60hz

Active power: 1.290.153 W.

Figure 9. Earthing installation scheme
Cosø actual: 0.85.
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The earthing system, in the tunnel shall consist on cooper isolated bonding jumpers of 95 mm2 between each two
consecutive metal cable tray segments, combined with artificial electrodes type vertical rod of copper coated steel
16 mm in diameter and 2,4 m in lenght.

3.8. Carterpillar Generator set or equal approved

In case of failure of the normal supply, from substation, there is an emergency power supply, consisting in one
generator set, which will cover the emergency demanded by the tunnel, in the most unfavourable operating situation.

Low voltage standby generators will provide back-up power for all life safety and security related systems through
an Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS) connected between emergency and normal power.

Standby Electrical System generator shall meet the requirement of the applicable codes.

The output of the generator sets shall be connected to a Low voltage main distribution switchboard (“M” SMDB),
which shall be the main distribution node for the emergency power supply to the tunnel

The generator set have been defined in the level 0 of the tunnel technical room, this have been designed for 100%
of loads in case of fire, ventilation, evacuation lightning, escape lighting, uninterruptible power system (UPS),
technical room, pumping, firefighting , environmental system and CCTV system.

In order to size the generator set, the worst condition in the event of a fire inside the tunnel has been considered.

The generator set have been defined in the level 0 of the tunnel technical room, this have been designed for 100%
of loads in case of fire, ventilation, evacuation lightning, escape lighting, uninterruptible power system (UPS),
technical room, pumping, firefighting, environmental system and CCTV system.

The emergency power is formed by one generator of 1875 KVA to 400/230V, 60HZ and G2 class according to ISO
8528-5.

The selection of the generator is justified below.

Table 8. Generator selection

Figure 10. Generator set image

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 Load Generator Set Power (kW) 1h 2h 3h 4h 5h 6h 7h 8h
F TECHNICAL ROOM 57,75 57,75 57,75 57,75 57,75 57,75 57,75 57,75 57,75
A VENTILATION 252 252 252 252 252 252 252 252 252
B VENTILATION 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630
C PUMPING 17,8 17,8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D CLEANING SYSTEM 22 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MF1/MF2 FIRE FIGHTING 77,28 77,28 77,28 77,28 77,28 77,28 77,28 77,28 77,28
JOCKEY PUMP 5,52 5,52 5,52 5,52 5,52 5,52 5,52 5,52 5,52
EVAC STAIRS 7,39 7,39 7,39 7,39 7,39 7,39 7,39 7,39 7,39
UPS 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Diesel consumption (liters) 302,47 291,81 291,81 291,81 291,81 291,81 291,81 291,81
Total diesel consumption in 8h (liters) 2345,16 Total tank capacity (liters) 2500

Table 10. Fuel consumption

In these conditions, the total Fuel consumption for 8 hours of operations, is the 2345.16 litters, less than 2500 litters
of the chosen fuel tank.

Table 9. Generator set performance

Table 11. Main fuel tank measurements

Figure 11. Generator set measurements

3.8.1. Fuel Tank 2500 L

The firefighting system must operate a minimum of 8 hours under emergency conditions

Main Fuel tank of 2500 litres has been designed for autonomy of 8 hours for the firefighting system.

The generator set with total load work at 74% of its capacity.

In fire emergency conditions, it would be necessary to disconnect loads to achieve 8 hours of the firefighting system.

The” C” pumping and “D” cleaning system switchboards, are not necessary in fire emergency conditions. Figure 12. Main fuel tank image

At the beginning, the worst condition has been considered. in the event of a fire inside the tunnel
3.8.2. Ventilation system
In this case, 10 fans can operate on the northbound tub and 4 fans on the southbound tube.
As a first action, the air inlet will be carried out by means of an acoustic attenuator and a sand trap, at the exit the
radiator will be connected to the outside. The air intake will be provided sand trap and acoustic attenuator installed
in the technical room that connects to the outside.

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 Emergency generator ventilation (1500 Kw / 1875 kVa) The main advantages of this lighting system are as follows:

Radiator air flow 1671 m3/min - Extremely long-life LED light source resulting in less maintenance and high availability.

Combustion air inlet flow rate 135,6 m3/min - Efficient lighting system reduces energy costs.
Total air flow 1806,6 m3/min (108.396 m3/h) - The linear lighting solution providing excellent visual guidance and near perfect light uniformity.
Air supply 4 sand traps of 1949x1949mm + 4 sand traps of 1050x1050mm (V<1,5m/s) - Cool white color solution for improved visibility and a CRI index of 75.

Table 12. Ventilation for the emergency generator - The optimized lighting conditions can improve traffic flow and safety

- Reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions.

The air supply to be provided into the room is the sum of the radiator air flow (air flow to cool radiator 1671 m3/min) - No over-lighting due to unique dimming features.
plus the air flow rate due to the combustion (135,6 m3/min), so the total flow to be provided is 1806 m3/min (108.396
m3/h). This flow rate will be provided by an external opening a 20m2 with a sand trap. The main features of the lighting system according to the preliminary design are indicated as follows. The Tunnel
Lighting System will cover the following needs:
The air that is necessary to contribute to the mechanical ventilation system will be provided through 4 sand traps of
1949x1949mm + 4 sand traps of 1050x1050mm and an acoustic attenuator. - Entrance Lighting

The dimensioning of the sand traps will be carried out considering an air velocity of 1.5m / s through them. - Interior Lighting

Air Discharge - Egress tunnel Lighting

Ventilation discharge for radiator cooled will be provided to the outdoors by a sand trap which connects the outdoors - Outdoor Lighting
an external opening a 20m2 will be provided through 4 sand traps of 1949x1949mm + 4 sand traps of 1050x1050mm
- Luminance Measurement
and an acoustic attenuator.
- Evacuation Route Lamps
The dimensioning of the sand traps will be carried out considering an air velocity of 1.5m / s through them.
The lamps of all lighting segments except the street lighting will be installed into the inner area of the tunnel.
3.9. Tunnel Lighting system
Entrance Lighting
The lighting system shall be formed by the following lightings levels:
The adaptable lighting helps the driver entering in the inner area of the tunnel without a drastically change of lighting
- Normal lighting shall be provided to ensure appropriate visibility day and night for drivers in the entrance intensity on the cross border between open area highway and the first part of the tunnel.
zone as well as in the interior of the tunnel.
The calculation of the intensity of lighting should be calculated for the maximum projected speed inside the tunnel
- Safety lighting shall be provided to allow a minimum visibility for tunnel users to evacuate the tunnel in their (90kph).
vehicles in the event of a breakdown of the power supply.
Interior Lighting
- Emergency lighting, such as evacuation marker lights, at a height of no more than 1.5 metres, shall be
The interior lighting or main lighting covers the internal area of the tunnel between two sections of entrance lighting
provided to guide tunnel users to evacuate the tunnel on foot, in the event of emergency.
near both entries.
The lighting system for the main tunnel shall be calculated according to the Guide for Lighting of Road Tunnels and
The calculation of the intensity of lighting depends on the tunnel profile and the projected speed in the tunnel.
Underpasses CIE 88/2004.
The interior lighting together with all additional lighting segments are controlled by their own Lighting Control System
The solution adopted for the lighting of tunnels is based on a system of overhead lighting. With this lighting system,
and report to SCADA the actual status of the lighting module of the tunnel.
the perception of objects is performed by positive contrast.
In the tunnel, Emergency and Fire lighting support the drivers when the main lighting system is not in operation. In
How the interior lighting of the tunnel is directly dependent on outside lighting conditions at all times, the following
these situations, the speed of the traffic is limited, and the lighting intensity will be lower.
lighting levels are established:
Exit lighting
- Night Level
In order to ensure adequate direct illumination of small vehicles and sufficient backward view through rear-view
- Level Midnight
mirrors, the exit area shall be illuminated in the same manner as the interior of the tunnel. In situations where
- Level sunny days additional hazards are expected near the exit of the tunnel and in tunnels where the interior zone is long it is
recommended that the daytime luminance in the exit zone increases linearly over a length equal to the stopping
- Level cloudy days
distance SD (before the exit portal), from the level of the inner zone to a level five times that of the inner zone at a
The tunnel lighting system will be provided with LED technology luminaires. With LED technology in road tunnel distance of 20m from the exit portal.
lighting, we can offer a new balance between costs, comfort and care.

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Night lighting color temperature of them. However, the bibliography of this chapter refers to the SASO 2927:2019. And according
to this regulation the color temperature of the luminaires must be between 3000 K and 6000 K.
As the tunnel is located on a unlighted road segment, the average luminance of the surface of the inner roadway
should not be less than 1 cd / m2, the overall uniformity of at least 40% and the longitudinal uniformity at least 60%. Considering that in the street lighting the color temperature of the luminaires is going to be 2200 K, the decision has
been to consider the color 3000 k for the luminaires inside the tunnel. This permits to have a minor color change
Safety lighting
between the road and the tunnel.
When there is a power failure, an safety lighting system is required to ensure at least that part of the lighting remains
in operation for the purpose of:
3.9.2. Luminotechnical calculation method
- Minimize, at the time of the electric power cut, the instinctive reaction of the conductors of the braking vehicles
quickly, which could cause multiple collisions. The method used, is computerized with the use of Software Relux, and is considered as the most accurate and
most reliable of all how many are used in the projection of lighting installations.
- Assist and protect the work of emergency services required in the event of an accident or breakdown within the
tunnel. It has been applied to obtain punctual results, corresponding to levels of illuminances and / or luminances.

Safety lighting shall be provided throughout the tunnel, from the entrance to the exit, with a luminance level of at 3.9.3. Determining the stop distance
least 10% of the luminance of the inner zone of the tunnel (0.1 • Lin) or 0.2 Cd / m2, being necessary to adopt the
Important parameters for the design of the tunnel lighting installations include the speed, volume and composition
greater value of the two. At most the separation between the luminaires will be 50 m.
of incoming traffic flow, and pass through the tunnel.
In order to ensure that safety lighting works properly, the measures to take may be the following:
The general formula for the stopping distance is obtained from the sum of the reaction distance and the braking
The power supply to the safety lighting will be from UPS. distance. Which is as follows:

- Establish supplies for safety and emergency lighting from a series of electric batteries (UPS) and from a generator SD = v · to + [ v2 / 2 · g·(f ± s) ]
or generator, so that UPS batteries ensure the power supply for the time needed by the generator to start and
Where:
conquer the load to enter service.
V = Speed of circulation in vehicles. (m/s)
Separate raceways will be used for emergency lighting and priority services
To = Response time (following recommendations of C.I.E. (Publication No. 88), can be assumed equal to 1s)
Emergency lighting
G = acceleration of gravity
The emergency lighting in case of an incident shall be arranged at a height of not more than 1.5 m on both sides in
the direction of the circulation. The lighting shall be so designed as to enable the users of the tunnel to be guided S = is the slope. It is obtained from the following equation: s = tan β
to evacuate it on foot, ensuring a minimum illumination level of 10 lx, not less than 1 lx, on a longitudinal axis parallel
to the gable and 0.5 m apart. F = coefficient of friction according to the state of the pavement

This emergency lighting equipment will be powered from the UPS system. Non interruption greater than 0.5 s shall
occur

Exterior Lighting

The tunnel accesses shall be illuminated for a length equal to twice the safety distance and at least for a distance
of 200 m, with an average illuminance greater than 1/3 of the luminance of the roadway in the exit zone of the tunnel.
The control of the exterior illumination of the tunnel shall be carried out by means of luminancimeters, located at the
point of light closest to the portal of the tunnel. The actual status of the street lighting shall be reported to the SCADA
system.

Support lighting for handalarm, extinguisher etc.

Luminance Measurement

The lighting control shall depend on the luminance inside and outside the tunnel. For detecting the luminance
cameras shall be used. The luminance cameras located inside the tunnel will be installed on the tunnel wall, and
the cameras located in both portals shall be installed on poles in the areas before and after the tunnel.

3.9.1. Color of the tunnel luminaires

Figure 13. Coefficient of friction
The current guideline for street lighting in Riaydh is the “Riyadh Roads Lighting” though this Code is still under
process of approval. In the Part 5 there is a chapter dedicated to tunnel lighting, but there is not any information
regarding the characteristics of the tunnel luminaires, and more specifically, there is not any requirement about the NOTE: A positive sign is considered if the slope is ascending, and negative if the slope is descending.

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In the present case, the design speed of the tunnel is 80 km/m, and a slope of ± 2%, resulting in a stop distance of: Since the orientation of our tunnel, we calculate the L20 with the corresponding data.

TUNNEL-SD: 113m Tunnel North-west direction: L20 = 4 kcd / m2

3.9.4. Determination of lighting levels Tunnel south-east direction: L20= 5 kcd/m2

L20 luminance in the access zone is defined as the mean of luminance values measured in a conical field of view,
subtending an angle of 20 °, by an observer located at the reference point and facing a centered point a A height
equal to a quarter of the height of the tunnel opening. The running tunnel will have a speed of 80 km/h, so we get the value of "K".

We calculate the circumference that forms the conical field of vision: Radius = SD • Tg 10º VELOCITY (Km/H) K
60 0,05
80 0,06
120 0,1
Table 14. Velocity K factor

K = 0.06

Tunnel North-west direction: LTH = 240 cd/m2=Emin

Tunnel south-east direction: LTH = 330 cd/m2=Emin

Calculation of LIN
Figure 14. Conical field of visiont
- The average illuminance of the road in the inside area of the tunnel is given below depending on the stopping
distance and the traffic flow.
And with this we proceed to obtain the percentages by means of the photograph, which is taken at a distance equal
LONG TUNNELS
to the stopping distance of the tunnel portal.
STOP DISTANCE (Traffic flow (vehicles / hour / lane)
If the area of the circumference is π • r2, with which we obtain the corresponding percentages starting from the LOW HIGH
areas: 160 m 6 cd/m2 10 cd/m2
60m 3 cd/m2 6 cd/m2
Tunnel North-west direction: % of Sky 18
Table 15. Stop distance and long tunnels
Tunnel south-east direction: % of Sky 18

The LTH = K • L20, from which we proceed to calculate both unknowns.

TRAFFIC FLOW UNIDIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC BIDIRECTIONAL TRAFFIC
L20 = γ LC + ρ LR + ε LE HIGH > 1500 > 400
LOW < 500 < 100
LC = sky luminance γ =% of sky
Table 16. Traffic type
LR = Road luminance ρ =% of road
In the case of the aforementioned tunnel, we have an IMD >1500 vehicles per day and lane at rush hour.
LE = Ambient luminance ε =% of environment
In addition, we start from a stop distance of 113m it obtains the LIN level.
LE (ENVIRONMENT)
SENSE OF LC (SKY) LR (ROAD) LIN= 3 cd/m2
KCD/M2
CIRCULATION KCD/M2 KCD/M2
STONES BUILDINGS SNOW MEADOW 3.9.5. Determination of luminance and length of the transition zone
N 8 3 3 8 15 (V) / 15 (H) 2
The transition zone is the part of the tunnel that follows the threshold zone and ends at the beginning of the inner
E-W 12 4 2 6 10 (V) / 15 (H) 2
zone. The length of this zone is the distance that a vehicle must travel to pass, adapting visually, from the luminance
S 16 5 1 4 5 (V) / 15 (H) 2
level of the end of the threshold zone to that of the interior zone. The mean luminance of the transition zone Ltr
NOTE: (V) Mountainous country with substantially sloping surfaces in front of the conductors
gradually decreases according to the equation:
(H) Flat country, more or less horizontal
Ltr = Lth (1,9 + t)-1.428
Table 13.Light levels

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In practice, the decrease in luminance can be carried out by means of a series of steps that must be less than the With Lv luminance of veil and Lm average luminance in the road.
3 to 1 ratio and the luminance cannot reach values lower than those of the C.I.E. curve.
3.9.11. Flicker effect control
3.9.6. Determination of the exit zone
The flicker or flicker effect is the annoying and uncomfortable impression produced by periodic variations of
In order to ensure adequate direct illumination of small vehicles and sufficient backward view through rear-view luminance in the field of view. To calculate the frequency of flicker in a tunnel area (especially the interior as it is
mirrors, the exit area shall be illuminated in the same manner as the interior of the tunnel. In situations where usually the longest), divide the traffic speed in meters per second between the separation between luminaires in
additional hazards are expected near the exit of the tunnel and in tunnels where the interior zone is long it is meters. Flicker frequencies between 4 Hz and 11 Hz should be avoided at the speed of movement for more than
recommended that the daytime luminance in the exit zone increases linearly over a length equal to the stopping 20 seconds and is negligible at frequencies below 2.5 Hz and above 15 Hz. These values have been justified in the
distance SD (before the exit portal), from the level of the inner zone to a level five times that of the inner zone at a lighting calculations.
distance of 20m from the exit portal.
3.9.12. Curve CIE (tunnel) results of the project
3.9.7. Determination of nightlighting
Speed of design 80 Km/h
- If the tunnel is on an illuminated road section, the quality of the lighting within the tunnel must be at least
equal to the level, uniformities and glare of the access road. Uniformity at night in tunnels will meet the same Tunnel North-west direction
requirements as daylight.

- If the tunnel is part of a section of road that is not lit, the average luminance of the surface of the inner
roadway should not be less than 1 cd / m2, overall uniformity of at least 40% and at least longitudinal uniformity
60%.

3.9.8. Determination of lighting in the tunnel departure area

In case the tunnel is part of an unlighted road and the driving speed is greater than 50 km / h, the night lighting of
the tunnel starting area is recommended:

- If the level of night lighting in the tunnel is more than 1 cd / m2.

- Whether different weather conditions are likely to occur at the entrance and exit of the tunnel.

Road lighting in the tunnel departure area shall be provided over the whole length of two stopping distances with a
roadway luminance of not less than 1/3 of the nighttime luminance in the inner zone of the tunnel.

3.9.9. Determination of uniformity of luminance

Good luminance uniformity should be provided on the road surface and on the walls up to a height of 2m. A ratio of
0.4 is recommended between the minimum value and the mean luminance value on the road surface and on the
walls to a height of 2m in clean tunnel conditions. A longitudinal uniformity of 0.6 along the axis of each lane is
recommended for the road. Such uniformity values must be verified for all the luminous flux reduction steps of the
lighting installation. In addition, in the transition zone, as well as in the second half of the threshold zone (and in the
exit zone if it exists), the luminance uniformity will be calculated and measured in the central part of each step that
replaces the curve Continuous variation. It is recommended that the above values be reached, regardless of the
step length.

These values have been justified in the lighting calculations.

Figure 15.Light adaptation curve
3.9.10. Limitation of glare
Disturbing glare, defined as the increase in contrast threshold (TI) required to see an obstacle when there is glare,
should not exceed 15% for the transitional threshold and inner zone areas during the day, and for all zones during
Tunnel south-east direction
the night. For the area of exit during the day there is no limitation. It is defined by:

Lv
- For 0.05 <Lm<5 cd / m2 TI  65 
Lm 0.8
Lv
- For Lm> 5 cd / m2 TI  95 
Lm 1.05
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 Carandini luminaire or approved equal, mod. TMX.3.S.CC.015.3.026D.L1L5 15000 Lm 108 W

Adjustable led floodlight for tunnels with a fully cast aluminium housing in LM6 and stainless-steel supports or fixings
(AISI304). Special paint with sea salt protection instead of a single layer of protection (1000 h salt spray test).
Operating temperature -30º to + 50ºC. 138lm / W system efficiency. Color temperature 3,000k. IP66. IK09. Class I
safety. Protection against over voltages of up to 10kV in the driver itself. Service life for 100,000 hours. CE and
ENEC marked.

Figure 18. Light curve

Carandini luminaire or approved equal, mod. TMX.3.S.CC.034.3.052D.L1L5 34000 lm 247 W

Adjustable led floodlight for tunnels with a fully cast aluminium housing in LM6 and stainless-steel supports or fixings
(AISI304). Special paint with sea salt protection instead of a single layer of protection (1000 h salt spray test).
Operating temperature -30º to + 50ºC. 138lm / W system efficiency. Color temperature 3,000k. IP66. IK09. Class I
Figure 16.Light adaptation curve
safety. Protection against over voltages of up to 10kV in the driver itself. Service life for 100,000 hours. CE and
ENEC marked.

3.9.13. Luminaires used

The luminaires used are:

Carandini luminaire or approved equal, mod. TMX.3.S.CC.015.3.026D.L1L7 15000 Lm 108W

Adjustable led floodlight for tunnels with a fully cast aluminium housing in LM6 and stainless-steel supports or fixings
(AISI304). Special paint with sea salt protection instead of a single layer of protection (1000 h salt spray test).
Operating temperature -30º to + 50ºC. 138lm / W system efficiency. Color temperature 3,000k. IP66. IK09. Class I
safety. Protection against over voltages of up to 10kV in the driver itself. Service life for 100,000 hours. CE and
ENEC marked. Figure 19. Light curve

Continuous rod minimal surfaceLed luminaire with extruded anodized aluminum housing EN AW-6060. C. Output
luminous flux 725 lm. 63lm / W system efficiency. Color temperature 4,000k. IP66. L70B20 at 50,000h.Remote
power supply dimmable 75worapproved equal.

Figure 17. Light curve

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 As the tunnel is located on an unlighted road section, the access to the tunnel will be illuminated by a length equal
to twice the safety distance and at least 200 m, with an average illuminance greater than 1/3 Of the luminance of
the road in the exit zone of the tunnel.

Luminaire Led, TMX.3.S.CC.015.3.026D.L1L7 15000 Lm 108W with a high degree of watertight or equivalents
approved by the facultative management.

The installation of the exterior lighting has been carried out by prolonging the night lighting, the luminaires have
been installed on the wall at a height of 7 meters.

Escape tunnel lighting

In the escape tunnel, a lighting installation is provided that allows the access of rescue vehicles and the evacuation
of persons in case of an incident inside the tunnel.

Figure 20. Longitudinal alignment Lighting road signs.

Road marking lighting has been designed using led road stud. its location is the one drawn in drawings. Led road
3.9.14. Implantation of luminaries stud used are directional with 16 high intensity LEDs facing both directions. LED Colures: Blue, Green, Red, White,
Yellow, 2W, IP68, Operating Temperature: -15°C to 100°C, Compressive Load: Up to 18000kg. Dimensions:
The solution adopted for the lighting of the tunnel is based on a system of lighting for sunny days in opposing
bilateral arrangement, consisting of the use of symmetrical photometric distribution projectors in relation to the diameter: 83mm, above road less than 4mm, height: 31mm. IPH2000i Inductive Power Supply850 W.
transverse axis of the same. With this lighting system, the perception of the objects is made by positive contrast,
that is, the light object on a dark background.

The night level is carried out using projectors located on one side of the tunnel. 3.9.16. Lighting control

Below we will comment on the levels adopted, as well as the implementation that has been planned to obtain these The lighting control process may vary slightly depending on the type of lighting used in a specific installation, but
levels. A maintenance factor of 0.80 has been considered. always has the same primary objective - to adjust the lighting such that drivers can safely enter, traverse and exit
the tunnel at all times under all conditions. The control system is required to deduce the required luminance level in
The proposed control levels will be: the tunnel and adjust the lighting accordingly. Under normal operation, the luminance required in the tunnel is
dependent on the luminance observed at the portal by approaching traffic. The relationship between the portal
- Night level
luminance and the luminance required in the tunnel is defined in the local tunnel standards. Practically, the
- Level sunny days luminance levels are quantized into a number of discrete lighting stages that are achieved by switching/dimming
light sources of selected power mounted at specific positions/angles according to a lighting design.
- Level cloudy days
The dimming resolution and response time of the LED luminaires effectively allows the lighting design to accurately
3.9.15. Implantation in tunnel follow the dimming curve and allows the lighting system to produce an (almost) real-time response to observed
Night lighting, portal luminance changes. The latest LED systems allow continuous dimming which reduces the number of required
boost lighting stages. The interior lighting can be toggled between two nominal dim levels to produce the basic night
Night lighting is achieved throughout the tunnel, using the TMX.3.S.CC.015.3.026D.L1L7 15000 Lm 108W Mounting and day stages, then the entrance lighting can be continuously dimmed to produce all levels between the day stage
height 7m. and the maximum required luminance threshold.

Sunny lighting, With reference to the system topology (shown below), the MCU obtains portal luminance data from the
photometer(s), interior zone light sensor(s) and uses lighting design information contained in the system database
The lighting on sunny days of the entrance section, is achieved by using the base lighting, plus a lighting of
to derive the required lighting levels within the tunnel. It then sets those lighting levels by sending control commands
reinforcement, consisting of projectors type TMX.3.S.CC.015.3.026D.L1L5 15000 Lm 108 W and
via two-layer communications network to the relevant DALI drivers.
TMX.3.S.CC.034.3.052D.L1L5 34000 lm 247 W.
The lighting control incorporates ‘group switching’ whereby all lighting that shares the same switching is controlled
Mounting height 7 m.
by gateways of the same color group. The MCU can then simultaneously command all gateways of a color group.
Emergency lighting For additional controllability a different group view can be defined called functional lighting groups (FLG).

Emergency lighting is achieved throughout the tunnel, Continuous rod minimal surface Led luminaire with extruded Whilst controlling the lighting levels in the tunnel, the system also monitors the lighting by performing periodic status
anodized aluminum housing EN AW-6060. C. Output luminous flux 725 lm. 63lm / W system efficiency. IP66. polls. Polled information is used to ensure each unit is in the correct state for the active lighting stage and to provide
L70B20 at 50,000h. Remote power supply dimmable 75w. the user with a detailed tunnel lighting status update and generate alarms if fault percentages exceed configured
thresholds. In addition to the lighting status, the system also monitors and reports the state and status of numerous
These luminaires will be installed throughout tunnel with a bilateral staggered arrangement and installed at a height components that are important to system operation including SCADA interface, photometer(s), interior zone light
of 0,75 m on the sidewalk. sensor(s) and RS-485 or Ethernet communication buses. If connected, the MCU will provide SCADA with remote
Exterior Lighting control and monitoring functionality via a standardized Modbus interface.

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The system normal operation can be overridden locally at the master controller or remotely via the SCADA interface. • Standards/Regulations issued by Saudi Electric Company (SEC), Ministry of Public Building and Works,
Overrides include changing of the lighting stage of functional lighting groups, for maintenance purposes, and Civil Aviation Authority.
changing the lighting output level of each configured (color) switching group for system analysis during installation
• (IEC) International Electro-Technical Committee codes/standards.
and commissioning. An emergency service override can also be activated locally or remotely to set the tunnel
lighting to a pre-defined state in the event of an emergency. • (NFPA) National Fire Protection Association.
As part of the automatic control process, the system incorporates additional features to ensure ‘safe’ tunnel lighting • (NEC) National Electrical Code - U.S.A.
in the event of power loss and/or lost communication. DALI drivers can be pre-configured to set the lighting to an
arbitrary state (default is ‘On’) when repowered or when communication with the MCU is lost for a nominal period • (CIBSE) British “Code of Interior Lighting “issued by the “Chartered Institution of Building Services”.
of time.
• Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Code.
We will establish a communication network within the limits of the tunnel so the control system is able to
• British standard for Earthing (BS 7430)
communicate with the <FlowStar> luminaires, the connection will be made back to the master control unit(s).
Furthermore, we will supply entrance photometers at each portal to provide the necessary L20 measurements • British Standards for Protection of Structures against lightning (BSEN 62305).
during the day. The photometers will also be connected to the system.
• ISO Standards.
The following layout shows for information only a typical tunnel lighting controls topology using RS-485 bus as “first
level” communication network: The technical room lighting level is 200 lux.

The corridors level is 150 lux.

The lighting of the technical rooms has been projected with surface luminaires. The location will be carried out as
indicated in the plans.

The projected luminaires are:

Philips luminaire mod. Pacific W7470C L1600 1xLED64 / 840 PSD VWB

Dimmable led luminaire with polycarbonate housing and closures. Stainless steel clips. Access to the interior without
tools. Operating temperature -25º to + 45ºC. Initial luminous flux 6400 lm. System efficiency up to 138lm / W. Color
temperature 4,000k. IP66. IK08. Class I safety. L80 useful life for 50,000 hours. CE marked. QR code that allows
access to the necessary information on the components of the luminaire.

Philips luminaire mod. Pacific W7470C L1300 1xLED42 / 840 PSD VWB

Dimmable led luminaire with polycarbonate housing and closures. Stainless steel clips. Access to the interior without
tools. Operating temperature -25º to + 45ºC. Initial luminous flux 4200 lm. System efficiency up to 138lm / W. Color
temperature 4,000k. IP66. IK08. Class I safety. L80 useful life for 50,000 hours. CE marked. QR code that allows
access to the necessary information on the components of the luminaire.

The turn on lighting will be carried out by means of surface switches and motion detection.

All the proposed emergency lighting will comply with the specific characteristics established by SBC 401.

Escape signage (Exit and directional signs) will be provided along all escape routes, at change of direction and
above all escape doors.

The illumination level must be no less than 11 lux on average at floor level and a minimum at any point of 1 lux. All
parts of means of escape must be provided with an adequate level of emergency lighting, which works under the
failure of normal lighting.
Figure 21. Control diagram The evacuation lighting has been designed using emergency luminaires with self-contained battery equipment.

The luminaire used is ELECTROZEMPER SA 315lmIP65LAE9300C, autonomy120 min IP65, Luminous flux
3.9.17. Technical room lighting (Luminaire): 250 lm, Luminous flux (Lamps): 315 lm, Luminaire Wattage: 4.0 W, Fitting: 1 x LED (Correction Factor
1.000).
The lighting system proposed, it has been designed in accordance with the of Saudi Building Code (SBC) and Saudi
Arabian Standard Organization (SASO) Codes and Standards. 3.10. Streetlighting
The items not covered by SASO Standards will conform to the latest version of the following: . The Low Voltage (LV) cables will be laid from the substation to the general electrical panel LV

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3.10.1. Low voltage network. General 3.10.3. Conduits for SEC
Low voltage (400/230V) distribution network will run from the Distribution Transformer Substation (DS) Conduits will consist of PVC ducts buried in trenches. Conduits will be corrugated.

SEC Low voltage (400/230V) distribution network is that directly feeds the meter through distribution pillars. Number of conduits will vary depending on the number of low voltage circuits that there will be in each stretch of
road or street. In any case, will leave a number of conduits of 20% reserve with a minimum of one conduit.
According to SEC standards (DPS-02):
When deemed necessary to install control cables shall be installed a conduit more for this purpose. It will continue
 Connection through Distribution Pillar: For this condition, cable 300mm² AL/XLPE is used from all the way in order to facilitate the laying of control cables included in the manholes if any.
substation to distribution pillar, and cable 185mm² Al/XLPE & 70mm² Al/XLPE are used from distribution
pillar to the customer meter. PVC ducts shall have inner and outer surfaces that are clean and free from grooves. Cracks, blisters, shrink holes
or any other defects or foreign matters which might impair the performance of the ducts in service.

PVC ducts shall be acceptably rounded. They shall be supplied with its ends neat, smooth and cut cleanly at right
angles or perpendicular to the axis of the ducts.

PVC ducts shall be highly resistant to all kinds of corrosive liquids. aggressive media and chemicals usually found
in the ground.
Low voltage network from substation to power meter (cables. trenches. manholes and power meter) will be
developed in the project and handed over to SEC after construction.

Low voltage (400/230V) secondary distribution network is that which running from the main switchboards for public 3.10.4. Trench and Manholes for SEC
services to the secondary switchboards (public lighting. sockets for food-trucks and coffee shops. water tanks.…) Inside the trenches will be installed the low voltage electrical conduits.
and from these to the electrical receptacles (lighting fixtures. power sockets. …).
These conduits underground lines should be designed taking into account the following considerations:

 Conduits will pass through public areas under sidewalk, not admitting their installation under the
3.10.2. Low voltage cables for SEC roadway except at intersections. and always avoiding sharp angles.
Unless otherwise specified, the cable shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with the referred standards.  Bending radius after the cable will be positioned at least 15 times the diameter. Bending radius in laying
operations exceeding 20 times its diameter.
SEC cables will be complied SEC standards (11-SDMS-01 and DPS-02). The 4 x 300 mm2 AL/XLPE cable is the
standard for LV main Feeder. Two sizes of cable 4 x 185 mm2 & 4 x 70 mm2 AL/XLPE shall be used for service  The crossings of roads shall be perpendicular to the axis of the roadway, trying to avoid them.
connections. Three-phase four wires cable are provided as standard. The bed of the trench must be smooth and free of sharp edges, ridges, rocks, etc. The same is placed a layer of
sand or river mine washed clean loose -free organic substances, clay or earthy particles.
Cables shall be designed for a maximum permissible continuous temperature of 90°C, emergency loading
temperature of 105°C and maximum conductor short circuit withstand temperature of 250°C. The conductor shall At the bottom of the trench will be placed the conduits, forming several layers (depending on the number of conduits
be uncoated annealed copper or aluminum class 2 as per IEC 60228 and shall be compacted and stranded. that there will be). The conduits will be protected and encased in concrete. The depth of the trench will vary
depending on the number of conduits. but there should be a minimum distance of 1 meter from the ground level to
Copper power and control cable shall be soft drown multi-strands with minimum number of strands as specified in the concrete layer that covers the conduits.
the relevant IEC.
Before filling the background is smoothed, leaving clean. The trench is backfilled with normal soil removed. it will be
Outdoor Power cables insulation shall be extruded solid dielectric cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), Control cables packed by hand or with machinery.
insulation shall be polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Insulation shall comply with the appropriate requirements specified in
IEC 60502-1. The manholes may be constructed of concrete or solid brick, with the inner surface with cement mortar. The
manholes will have a concrete base 20cm thick and covered with a tight lid cast iron. They will have drainage to
Nominal insulation thickness shall be as per values specified in IEC 60502-1, with respect to voltage rating and evacuate water.
cable cross-section. The nominal minimum insulation thickness of control cables shall be according to relevant
standard. Manholes size varies depending on the number of conduits which pass through it. Its minimum dimensions should
allow work a man inside with an entry of 0.60 meters in diameter or side with cast iron top.
Multi-core, sector shape cables shall have non hygroscopic film fillers in order to form a compact circular outer
shape. There will have electrical manholes on each derivation or change of direction. In straight sections, a manhole will
be placed every 50 meters max.
XLPE insulation of the Four-core cable shall be colored, Brown, Black, Grey and Blue (Green-Yellow for PEN
conductor). The core insulation of control cables shall be black PVC marked with indelible clear white print numerals.

Power cables shall comply with the appropriate requirements specified in IEC 60332-1-2. 3.10.5. Distribution Pillars
Distribution Pillars provide above-ground access for service connections from LV main feeder. Its Bus bars has a
rated normal continuous current of 400 Amps.

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The Distribution Pillar is equipped for seven (7), 3-Phase, 4-Wire, Aluminum Cable circuits. Two (2) circuits for the As aforementioned, this electrical installation system has been designed based on SBC 401. Thus, the following
in-coming and five (5) circuits for the out-going. The two (2) in-coming circuits is located on each side of the Pillar. tables show a list of materials and their electrical features for the electrical installations system. These tables are
The five (5) out-going circuits in the middle are equipped with NH Fuse Ways with rated current of 200 Amps. LV included in SBC 401. The cross-section to be chosen has to be selected as follows:
fuse links knife type NH of current rating 200 amps shall be installed. The incoming circuit terminals are suitable for
Firstly, according to the simultaneous power to be transported by the wire, the related electric current has to be
fixing Aluminum Cable of size 300 mm2. The outgoing circuit terminals are suitable for fixing Aluminum Cable of
determined
size 70 mm2 with the use of cable lugs. The incoming circuit terminals are used for LV main feeder. The outgoing
circuit terminals of distribution pillar are used for service connection to the customers. By using the table below, the suitable cable is chosen considering the maximum allowable current for this kind of
installation.

Chapter 52, named Wiring systems and included in SBC 401, deals with the selection and mounting of wiring
3.10.6. Boards for energy meters
systems. Once selecting a buried low-voltage wiring system and XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene) as the material
Enclosure of the boards for Energy Meters shall be at least IP-55. for the insulation and Copper for the cables, tables A.52-1 and A.52-5 have been utilized to find out the proper
cross-section of the conductor.
It shall accommodate the Low Voltage energy meters from the Saudi Electricity Company.

There shall be one board for energy meter. for each main distribution switchboard board for public services.

It is foreseen that the measurement of the energy shall be in low voltage. This should be confirmed by the Saudi
Electricity Company.

The ownership of all contracts of Public services will correspond to Riyadh city council.

3.10.6.1. Distribution boards

The construction of streetlighting switchboard will comply with SBC 401, requirements of IEC-61439. Ingress
protection will be to IP 55.

The distribution boards will be provided of switchgear appropriate, magnetic circuit breakers and residual current
devices according to specifications and SBC 401, considering a sensibility for residual current devices(Earth
Leakage Circuit Breaker) of 30 mA minimum.

Low voltage main distribution switchboard will provide power for all low voltage systems through power wire
connected between secondary switchboard and low voltage loads.

3.10.6.2. Cross-section of conductors and type of wiring and methods of installation

The cross-section of conductors shall be determined according to the maximum continuous current- carrying
capacities in addition to the following:

 Their admissible maximum temperature;

 The admissible voltage drop;
 The electromechanical stresses likely to occur due to short-circuits;
 Other mechanical stresses to which the conductors can be exposed;
 The maximum impedance with respect to the functioning of the protection against fault currents.
 Moreover, the choice of the type of wiring and the methods of installation depends on:
 The nature of the locations;
 The nature of the walls or other parts of the building supporting the wiring;
 Accessibility of wiring to persons and livestock;
 Voltage;
 The electromechanical stresses likely to occur due to short-circuits; Table 17. Methods of installation

 Other stresses to which the wiring can be exposed during the erection of the electrical installation or in service.

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3.10.6.3. General formulation This value is needed to determine if a cable is protected along its entire length to short-circuit, it is an essential
condition that the current is greater or equal to the current of the electromagnetic shutter.
The requirements of these calculations are intended to achieve a satisfactory operation life, of conductors and
equipment insulation, under the thermal effects of conducted current for long periods of time in normal service.
Other considerations affect the choice of cross-sectional area of conductors, such as the requirements for protection
against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41), protection against thermal effects (IEC 60364-4-42), overcurrent protection 3.10.6.7. Protection calculation
(IEC 60364-4-43), voltage drop (IEC 60364-5-52), and limiting temperatures for terminals of equipment to which the All the distribution circuits will be protected by automatic circuit breaking switches.
conductors are connected (IEC 60364-5-52).
Also, residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) are contemplated to protect people and goods. These ones will be
Electrical Calculations are justified in Appendix Electrical Calculations. protected against sudden tripping for points under 250 A. and will be of type A. They will be sensitive to pulsating
DC for fluorescent lighting circuits and will be switched on by electronic ballast and computer. Super Immunized
(SI) switches will be used for lines supplying computers. The rest of the switches will be AC.
3.10.6.4. Maximum Current admissible
The protection switches of the secondary control panels will withstand the starting loads without tripping. They will
In the calculation of the facilities be verified that the maximum intensities of the lines are less than the supported by also withstand the short circuit currents that occur in the lines rapidly disconnecting the mechanisms when these
the low voltage regulation, taking into account the correction factors depending on the type of installation and its currents are exceeded or in the event of permanent overloads.
particular conditions.
All the supplies from the LVMS will be three-phased. Protected by (adjustable) standard relay moulded case or
electronic ones. with of a suitable gauge for the loads they carry. Ensuring sufficient breaking capacity for the
expected short circuit current in the LVMS.
3.10.6.5. Voltage Drop
It is required the following specification:
Type of installation: general installation.
ACB: Air circuit breaker (>800 A)
Schema type: industrial facility with own transformer. The voltage drop shall not exceed the following values:
MCCB: Moulded case circuit breaker (63-800 A)
 Lighting and power circuits: 3%
MCB: Mini circuit breaker (<63 A)
3.10.6.6. Short-Circuit Current
Phase-Phase: The MCB circuit breakers shall have trip curves in accordance with the international norms, depending on the use
of the circuits to be protected:

B type curve (3 to 5 x In) lighting and general use socket long distance circuits and low short circuit rating;
Phase-Neutral: C type curve (5 to 10 x In) lighting and general use socket circuits;

D type curve (10 to 20 x In) Power circuits.

It has been used the following terms: Ul: phase to phase voltage in V 3.10.6.8. Cables and conductors

 Uf: simple voltage in V The cables will be Category II & III electric loads and power source lines from main low voltage switchboards: It
shall be used cables with the next basic characteristics: it will not convey or propagate fire, flame retardant
 Zt: total impedance at the point of short-circuit in ohm
properties, XLPE and no-corrosion active products, XLPE/0.6/1KV/LSFH.
 Icc: short-circuit current in kA
The total impedance at the point of short-circuit is obtained from the total resistance and total reactance of the
network elements to the point of short: 3.10.6.9. Conduits
The conduits used will be as follows:

Electrical distribution pipeline shall be buried under PVC ducts in the street according to drawings details and
Protection devices must have a breaking power greater than or equal to the short-circuit current estimated to in its technical specifications.
installation point and should act in a time that the temperature reached by the cables does not exceed the maximum
permitted by the cable. In this case the curve of action of circuit breakers must be below thermal curve of the driver.

Will also take into account the minimum short-circuits current determined by a short circuit in phase- neutral and at 3.10.6.10. Poles, canalizations and manholes
the end of the line or circuit in study. For the distribution of the lighting installation should be used the poles, canalizations y manholes according to
streetlighting network drawings, drawings details and technical specifications.
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 Figure 22. Longitudinal alignment
Power 170,3 W
3.10.6.11. Streetlighting earthing system
Materials: Armature, cover and chevrons made of injected aluminium LM6 low copper content <0.15
A general earth network has been designed, consisting of a protective electrolytic copper conductor with green-
yellow polyvinyl chloride insulation, 16 mm² in section. Finish: Polyester powder paint in metallic silver

This cable will run through the interior of the pipeline; the joints, if necessary, will be made by high melting point Watertightness: IP66
welding.
LED color temperature: 2.200 K
From this main cable the branches will depart to each point to be earthed, (metallic masses of the electrodes,
Power factor >0.9
columns, command centers, etc.), with cable of the same section and material joined to the metallic parts by means
of screw, nut and copper or copper-rich alloy washer to ensure permanent contact. Eprotec electrical protection: combined discharge voltage 10 kV
The main ground line, connecting the electrode to the first branch or junction, will always have a 35 mm² branch. ΦLuminaire 20207 lm
Pikes of 2,4 m in length and 16 mm in diameter will be used, although if for reasons of execution it is not possible Luminous efficacy 118 lm/W
to use plates.
Tension: 230 V
Pikes have been projected in the manholes of each column and on the switchboard.
Estimated life: L90B10 100.000 h
3.10.7. Classification of the roads and selection of the lighting
The classification and realization of the lighting is done based on Riyadh Roads Lighting Code
Weight with gear: 6,25-16.6 Kg
It is classified as lighting class:
Mounting: pole and arms
Main lanes M1/M2

Secondary Lanes M2/M3

VMX. 3.8.MC.030.B.128K.F4Q1 2.200ºK or equal approved

The colour temperature of the street luminaires will be 2.200K

3.10.8. Designed lighting

The luminaries will be used are:

VMX.3.7.MC.020.B.112G.L2L4 2.200ºK or equal approved Figure 23. Longitudinal alignment

Power 270 W

Materials: Armature, cover and chevrons made of injected aluminium LM6 low copper content <0.15

Finish: Polyester powder paint in metallic silver

Watertightness: IP66

LED color temperature: 2.200 K

Power factor >0.9

Eprotec electrical protection: combined discharge voltage 10 kV

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ΦLuminaire 29693 lm Table 18. Standards and codes

Luminous efficacy 110 lm/W 4.3. Design criteria

Tension: 230 V 4.3.1. Tunnel ventilation
Estimated life: L90B10 100.000 h In order to provide greater security to the tunnel, a ventilation system inside has been designed.

A longitudinal ventilation system shall be considered, to prevent the backlayering of the smoke, with air entering
Weight with gear: 6,25-16.6 Kg through one portal and exiting through the opposite side, moved by a variable number of fans. These fans shall be
suspended from the ceiling and distributed throughout the tunnel.
Mounting: pole and arms
Jet fans communicate the jet energy to the entire air mass of the traffic space. In unidirectional circulation, the effect
of the fans is reinforced by the piston effect of the vehicles.

The lighting distribution is: The jet fan units will be rated for high temperature operation: 400 °C/2 hours since fan units will be exposed to
elevated temperatures in the event of a vehicle fire.
Main Road, luminaires will be distributed in the center of the median and on the sides.
4.3.2. Ventilation and air conditioning for technical rooms
In the median, they will be used at the center of the median, with a spacing of 25 m, placed on a 10 m high poles
with a double arm. Air conditioning shall be provided in electrical and communication rooms to control the heat dissipated by the
equipment and guarantee correct environmental conditions.
On the sides, luminaires are placed on the sides, every 20 or 12.5 m, placed on a 10 m high poles with a single
arm. A ventilation system shall be designed for the General Emergency Generator room, battery room and fire pumps
room according to the manufacturer specifications and the standard.
It has been considered a maintenance factor of 0,70.

3.10.9. Lighting control 4.4. Design calculation for tunnel

The street lighting shall be switched ON and OFF by means of an astronomical clock located on street lighting 4.4.1. Input data
board.
This tunnel is a short straight-through underpass section of 375 m long, measured from portal to portal (from PK
0+496 to PK 0+871). It is a tunnel designed as a Cut&Cover formed by two tubes. These two tubes are separated
by about 8 m in the south zone, in order to accommodate the access ramp of a BRT line. For the last 110 m
4. VENTILATION SYSTEMS approximately, the two tubes converge and are separated only by an intermediate wall capable of ensuring structural
stability separating the two directions of traffic from each other.
4.1. Scope The road comprises three lanes for each direction making a total of six traffic lanes.
Following systems, equipment and materials are considered:

 Jet fans to provide ventilation in service and emergency situation inside the tunnel. A longitudinal ventilation
system has been designed.
 Ventilation and Air Conditioning in technical rooms to control the heat dissipated by the equipment and
Southbound tube
guarantee correct environmental conditions.

4.2. Standard & codes Northbound tube

Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the alternatives for the ventilation system:

ID Description
SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization
NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways Figure 24. Longitudinal alignment
PIARC Technical Committee D5, Working Group 4, Road tunnels: Vehicle emissions and air demand
for ventilation” (Ed. 2019R03EN)
CETU Centre d'Etudes des Tunnels. Technical instruction relating to safety measures in new road
tunnels (design and operation). Camatt 2.20 (Software)
Dossier Pilotes du ventilation
CD 352 Design of road tunnels. UK standard
SBC Saudi Building Code

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 To estimate the distribution of the other vehicles within the fleet (passenger cars and light-duty vehicles), data from
a representative day of a traffic gauging station near the tunnel have been used. Selected traffic gauging station is
ATC05WB, placed at Prince Mohammed Ibn Salman Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, obtaining following distribution:

%PC %LDV %HGV

97.47% 0.53% 2.00%

Table 21. Representative vehicle fleet for underpass tunnel

4.4.1.2. Climatic data

 Altitude: 660 masl.
 Outside temperature: 46 ºC
 Air density: 1.031 kg/m3
 Portal Wind: To calculate the pressure produced by the wind on the portals, the 99% percentile of the annual
values of wind inwards the tunnel projected on the perpendicular direction of each portal will be chosen:

North portal South portal

Incidence angle (º) 335° 155°
Wind projection [m/s]. 99% percentile 8.98 6.07
Pressure at portal [Pa] 48.42 22.12
Figure 25. Tunnel typical cross-sections
Table 22.Summary wind characteristics at portals
According to the tunnel characteristics different sections has been considered:
4.4.2. Tunnel ventilation sizing
Northbound tube Southbound tube
Sections 4.4.2.1. Design fire size
L [m] i [%] A [m²] P [m] W [m] H [m] L [m] i [%] A [m²] P [m] W [m] H [m]
Section 1 192.69 -5% 99.2 41.6 13.4 7.4 182.61 -5% 99.2 41.6 13.4 7.4
The next profile has been used. The fire curve reaches the peak HRR of 70 MW in 7 minutes according to
representative time-to-peak HRR values in the table presented above.
Section 2 182.61 5% 99.2 41.6 13.4 7.4 192.69 5% 99.2 41.6 13.4 7.4

Table 19. Tunnel geometry data Fire curve

80000
4.4.1.1. Traffic data
70000

Traffic data is based on traffic model for 2030, a prognosis is made for the year 2045 of the traffic volume with an 60000
annual growth rate of 0.5%. 50000

HRR [MW]
The percentage for heavy goods vehicles is very reduced, less than 5% (2% considered at this stage). Traffic data 40000

is shown in next table: 30000

20000

10000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Year Traffic volumes Northbound (3 lanes) Southbound (3 lanes) Time [min]

1453 veh/hour 4323 veh/hour

AM peak hour traffic volumes
484.3 veh/hour/lane 1441 veh/hour/lane Figure 26. Design fire curve
2030
3752 veh/hour 3344 veh/hour 4.4.2.2. Critical speed
PM peak hour traffic volumes
1250.7 veh/hour/lane 1114.7 veh/hour/lane
The most demanding ventilation needs are obtained in a fire situation, where smoke generation is high and its
1566 veh/hour 4659 veh/hour
AM peak hour traffic volumes impact on people's safety is critical. For this reason, the system will be sized for this situation.
522 veh/hour/lane 1553 veh/hour/lane
2045
4043 veh/hour 3604 veh/hour The critical velocity is defined as the minimum longitudinal ventilation velocity to prevent reverse flow of smoke from
PM peak hour traffic volumes a fire in the tunnel as known as backlayering.
1347.7 veh/hour/lane 1201.3 veh/hour/lane

Table 20. Traffic data

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 Figure 27. Smoke development according to air velocity in the tunnel
The critical velocity is calculated empirically according to following equations of the NFPA 502/20171 standard: Figure 28. Grade factor (K ) for determining critical velocity

1⁄3
The input data for the larger cross-section and the results of critical velocity for different values of roadway gradient
gHQ existing in the tunnel are presented below.
Vc =K 1 K g
ρCp ATf
Critical velocities according to the different roadway grades presented in this tunnel are as follows:
Q
Tf = +T
ρCp AVc
Roadway grade [%] Critical velocity [m/s]
Where:
Vc : Critical velocity [m/s] >0% 2.78
K 1 : Froude number factor -5% 3.22
Kg : Grade factor
g: Acceleration caused by gravity [m/s²] Table 24. Summary of critical velocities according to tunnel grading
H: Tunnel height at the fire site [m] 4.4.2.3. Proposed Ventilation System
Q: Heat fire is adding directly to air at the fire site [kW]
As presented above, a longitudinal system using jet fans is proposed for the underpass tunnel considered as a twin-
ρ: Average density of the approach (upstream) air [kg/m³]
tube tunnel with unidirectional traffic.
Cp : Specific heat of air [kJ/(kg·K)]
A: Area perpendicular to the flow [m²] Due to the geometric configuration of the tunnel, the fans will be installed in three batteries of a variable number of
Tf : Average temperature of the fire site gases [K] units per tube in order to prevent backlayering effect in the affected tube by a fire (achieving critical velocity) and
T: Temperature of the approach air [K] avoid smoke recirculation in the adjacent tube by overcoming wind effects on the portals.
For heat release rates (HRRs) lower than or equal to 100MW, latest research on critical velocity suggests that a The jet fans will be mounted in the tunnel and supported from the ceiling with a minimum separation of 0.50 m
refinement of K 1 values as shown below is desired: between jet fans. A total of 16 jet fan units will be required – 10 in the Northbound tube and 6 in the Southbound
tube.

Each fan unit consists of a 1200 mm I.D. axial fan and 2D silencers on the entry and discharge sides of the fan to
reduce noise levels. The overall length of each fan unit is 6000 mm long. A mixture of these two types of jet fans is
proposed:

 One battery with unidirectional jet fans at the entry portal: One-way jet fans in this case blowing in traffic
direction are even more efficient than inside the tunnel.
 Two reversible jet fans batteries within the tunnel length with a separation of around 140 m between them: To
Table 23. Range of K1 values that apply for various HRRs
prevent smoke recirculation between tubes and allow for tunnel operation flexibility in the case that it is
The effect of the tunnel grading is obtained by multiplying the calculated critical velocity, Vc , by the grade factor, K , necessary to reverse the direction of traffic.
given in figure below:
The jet fan units will be rated for high temperature operation: 400 °C/2 hours, since fan units will be exposed to
elevated temperatures in the event of a vehicle fire.

Soft starters will be used in order to increase a motor's lifetime by protecting it from electrical stresses. Power
frequency will be 60 Hz.

The provided jet fans type, location in the tunnel and other features are summarized below:

Northbound tube

1
In a Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) process an amendment issued on August 26, 2021 removes the critical velocity
calculations included in Annex D of NFPA 502/2020

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 Jet fan Nominal Jet Installed
Distance Temperature resistance: 400ºC / 2 h
No. Air flow I.D. from entry PK
battery Thrust velocity power Sound attenuators: 2D type
portal
UJF-SN-1 2 2074 N 39,8 m/s 38 m³/s 63 kW 1200 mm 3m 0+499 Nominal diameter: 1200 mm
RJF-SN-2 4 1867 N 37,9 m/s 40 m³/s 63 kW 1200 mm 140 m 0+636 Diameter ext. Maximum: 1400 mm
RJF-SN-3 4 1867 N 37,9 m/s 40 m³/s 63 kW 1200 mm 280 m 0+776
Length: 6000mm

Southbound tube Weight: 1550 kg

Distance
Jet fan Nominal Jet Installed
No. Air flow I.D. from entry PK
battery Thrust velocity power REVERSIBLE TUNNEL FANS (INSIDE THE TUNNEL PORTALS)
portal
UJF-NS-1 1 2074 N 39,8 m/s 38 m³/s 63 kW 1200 mm 3m 0+868
 TYPE/MODEL:
RJF-NS-2 2 1867 N 37,9 m/s 40 m³/s 63 kW 1200 mm 140 m 0+731
RJF-NS-3 3 1867 N 37,9 m/s 40 m³/s 63 kW 1200 mm 280 m 0+591 Nominal thrust (reversible): 1867 N

Table 25. Jet fans characteristics Air flow: 42.8 m3/s

Jet velocity: 37.9 m/s
Installed power: 63 kW
Temperature resistance: 400ºC / 2 h
Sound attenuators: 2D type
Nominal diameter: 1200 mm
Diameter ext. Maximum: 1400 mm
Length: 6000 mm
Weight: 1625 kg
(Reversible fans shall be capable of completing full rotational reversal within 90 seconds)
Figure 29. Schematic jet fans arrangement
4.5. Operational modes
4.4.2.4. Simulations
4.5.1. Normal operation
The software chosen to carry out the fire simulations is CAMATT 2.20. CAMATT (CAlcul Monodimensional
Anisothermal Transient Tunneling) is a fire simulation software for engineering applications. Its theoretical The monitored pollutants and their limit values are shown below:
foundations are essentially derived from the research results of the CETU (Centre d’Études des Tunnels) of France.
Pollutant Threshold
It allows the one-dimensional transient calculation of fire scenarios including numerous tunnel equipment such as CO [ppm] 70
jet fans, transverse ventilation, injectors, etc. The physical model takes into account many phenomena such as K [10-³m-¹] 5
piston effect due to traffic or the heating of the walls of the structure during the fire.
Table 26. Threshold values for CO and visibility during normal operation
Fire simulations have been done in order to check that design requirements (achieving air velocity above critical During normal operation, according to the calculations, the air flow needed to dilute the pollutants is very low so for
velocity) are met assuming fans close to the fire are destroyed. In this context, three simulations per tube have been not congested traffic (which is assumed) the tunnel will be self-ventilated either by the effect of the wind at the
performed by placing the fire under each jet fan battery and assuming that this battery is not available. portals or by the piston effect produced by the movement of the cars. Because of this, no fan operation is proposed.
A summary of performed simulations are show in the annex “MEP calculations. Tunnel ventilation” SB-DCC-DC3- Even allowing for a recirculation effect of contaminants from one tube to the other, the low air demand to dilute the
B08-KABI-ANX-UTL-VAC-4000001. contaminants is not a problem. An assessment of this effect can be found in the annex “MEP calculations. Tunnel
ventilation” SB-DCC-DC3-B09-ABBU-ANX-UTL-VAC-4000001.
4.4.3. Jet fans characteristics
4.4.3.1. Technical characteristics 4.5.2. Congested traffic

NON-REVERSIBLE TUNNEL FANS (NEXT TO THE TUNNEL PORTALS) A high concentration of pollutants will only occur in situations with heavy congested traffic and low-pressure
difference due to atmospheric effects between portals resulting in a situation of zero air movement. Therefore, it is
 TYPE/MODEL: proposed that 1 jet fan is turned on in the direction of traffic if the proposed limits are exceeded to apply sufficient
air flow to dilute the pollutant concentration. The start preference shall be for fewer starts and fewer working hours
Nominal thrust: 2074 N
of jet fans in interior batteries (not the ones close to the portals) to not generate noise issues outside the tunnel.
Air flow: 45 m3/s
Jet velocity: 39.8 m/s
Installed power: 63 kW
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4.5.3. Maintenance operation
In case of maintenance works to be done inside the tunnel, it is assumed that due to restrictions applied to the
traffic, pollutant emissions will be reduced (cutting of one lane of traffic) so it is not expected any major issues in
comparison with normal operation.

The limit values for pollutant in this case of maintenance have to be set in accordance with following PIARC
recommendation:

Pollutant Threshold
CO [ppm] 20
- -
K [10 ³m ¹] 3

Table 27. Threshold values for CO and visibility during maintenance Figure 30. Schematic fire detection zones layout
As proposed for congestion cases, 1 jet fan is turned on in the direction of traffic if the proposed limits are exceeded The emergency operation mode is applied in two stages once a fire is detected:
to apply sufficient air flow to dilute the pollutant concentration. The start preference shall be for fewer starts and
fewer working hours of jet fans in interior batteries (not the ones close to the portals) to not generate noise issues  STAGE I: After the detection a low-capacity mode is activated in the tube on fire. If climatic conditions allow
outside the tunnel. the smoke stratification, this mode shall not disturb this natural buoyancy of the smoke layer upstream the fire
maintaining a clean environment for users’ evacuation upstream and allowing the escape of cars downstream.
4.5.4. Fire zone detection and emergency mode operation At this stage, the critical velocity is not intended to be achieved. The objective is to keep the air speed in the
The proposed strategy in case of an emergency inside the tunnel has been design in agreement with the principles incident tube above 1-2 m/s in direction of the traffic even with the worst pressure conditions between portals
of the FLS tunnel report SB-DCC-DC3-B09-ABBU-RPT-UTL-MEP-4000002. in order not to disturb the natural buoyancy. A limited number of fans at different locations will be turned on at
this stage.
Three fire detection zones per tube are defined in line with the concepts of ventilation, evacuation and intervention.
Priority will be given to the activation of jet fans as far away from the source of the fire as possible and located
From the ventilation point of view, it has been proposed to delimit the zones in such a way as to prevent jet fans downstream. Only in the event that the fire occurs near the exit portal or if it does not reach the desired speed,
located upstream of the fire that are close to the source from being turned on and disturbing the buoyancy of the fans will be activated upstream as far as possible from the source of the fire. Those fans with fewer working
smoke layer. hours are preferred.
The automatic fire detection system by means of a heat detection cable guarantees the detection of the fire
As per NFPA requirement, the heat detection cable guarantees the detection of the fire and its location within 15 m
and its location within 15 m inside the tunnel and the activation of the proper ventilation strategy considering
inside the tunnel. Therefore, the limit of each zone is imposed 15 m before the batteries of fans inside the tunnel
the incident location.
(except for the battery of unidirectional fans located at the entrance portal).
At the adjacent tube, a pre-defined number of jet fans shall be activated towards the same direction (and
Following fire detection zones are proposed: opposite to the traffic direction in this adjacent tube) to overcome a possible existing counter-pressure
between portals due to the wind and avoid the recirculation of smoke from one tube to the other.
Northbound tube
Start End  STAGE II: Only in the tube on fire a high-capacity mode is activated. The activation of the stage II occurs 5
Fire detection Start End
Length (Distance from (Distance from minutes after the fire detection, when the evacuation of tunnel occupants is be completed or is close to be
zone (PK) (PK)
entry portal) entry portal) completed.
S-N Near entrance 125 m 0m 125 m PK 0+496 PK 0+621
The stage II implies, that the high-capacity operational mode begins. All the fans in the incident tube will be
S-N Middle zone 140 m 125 m 265 m PK 0+621 PK 0+761 working at their maximum capacity in order to achieve an air speed above the critical speed.
S-N Near exit 110 m 265 m 375 m PK 0+761 PK 0+871
In the adjacent tube, the ventilation system keeps working as explained in the stage I to avoid any possible
recirculation.
Southbound tube
Start End All the operational actions regarding jet fans during an emergency are included in the cause-effect matrix in Annex
Fire detection Start End 4 of the FLS tunnel report (SB-DCC-DC3-B09-ABBU-RPT-UTL-MEP-4000002) and are based on simulations
Length (Distance from (Distance from
zone (PK) (PK)
entry portal) entry portal) shown in the annex MEP calculations. Tunnel ventilation (SB-DCC-DC3-B09-ABBU-ANX-UTL-VAC-4000001).
N-S Near entrance 125 m 0m 125 m PK 0+871 PK 0+746
N-S Middle zone 140 m 125 m 265 m PK 0+746 PK 0+606 4.6. HVAC in technical rooms
N-S Near exit 110 m 265 m 375 m PK 0+606 PK 0+496
4.6.1. Air conditioning for technical rooms
Table 28. Fire detection zones
4.6.1.1. General Characteristics
Air conditioning for the communication rooms substation, transformation room, Power room and UPS room shall be
provided, by means of a VRF system.

Wall mounted units shall be provided in these areas connected to an outdoor unit situated in the ventilation area.

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 The characteristics of the selected equipment are as follows: 4.6.1.2. Emergency generator

Sensible Load Ventilation system for the emergency generator set shall be carried out according to section 3.8.2.
Level Technical Area Indoor units Outdoor units
(W)
4.6.1.3. Fire pump room
-3 Line Mobile room 4,230 1 x AM071KNQDCH/MG
A ventilation of 2 changes per hour shall be provided in order to avoid condensation in the room.
-3 IT/COMS ROOM 5,945 2 x AM071KNQDCH/MG
Area Air Flow
-3 Control room 5,522 1 x AM071KNQDCH/MG Technical Area H (m) Design Fan
(m2) (m3/h)
-2 Substations 18,450 2 x AM093MNQDCH/MG Fire pump room 97 4. 2 ACH 854 IRB-225 ECOWAT

1 x AM093MNQDCH/MG AM300KXVJHH/MG
Table 30.Air Flow for Fire equipment rooms
-2 Power room 1 14,000
1 x AM071KNQDCH/MG The characteristics of the fan are as follows:
-2 Power room 2 13,300 2 x AM071KNQDCH/MG  TYPE/MODEL: IRB-225 ECOWAT
-2 UPS room 4,050 1 x AM071KNQDCH/MG
Air Flow: 1000 m3/h
-2 Electrical room 6,300 1 x AM071KNQDCH/MG
Static pressure: 250 Pa
Table 29. Air conditioning in technical rooms Power consumption: 265 W (230/1Ph/60Hz)
The characteristics of the selected equipment are as follows:
The air shall be extracted through rectangular galvanized ducts and return grilles. The air shall enter the rooms by
 TYPE/MODEL: AM093MNQDCH/MG (Indoor Unit Wall mounted)
depression.
Nominal Cooling capacity: 9.3 KW
4.6.1.4. UPS room
Power consumption: 66 W (230/1Ph/60Hz) According to SBC 501 UPS area with stationary battery systems shall be ventilated with a continuous air flow not
less than 5.08 l/s per square meter of floor area of the room.
Dimensions/Weight: 1279x345x229mm (LxWxH) / 19Kg
A hydrogen detector shall be provided in order to limit the maximum concentration of this gas in the room during the
 TYPE/MODEL: AM071MNQDCH/MG (Indoor Unit Wall mounted) worst-case event of simultaneous boost charging of all batteries in the cabinet.

Nominal Cooling capacity: 6,8 KW Technical Area Area (m2) Design Air Flow (m3/h) Fan
Power consumption: 60 W (230/1Ph/60Hz) UPS room 9.2 5.08 l/s m2 168 IBR-200 ECOWAT

Dimensions/Weight: 1065x298x243mm (LxWxH) / 12,5Kg Table 31.Air Flow for UPS room
The characteristics of the fan are as follows:
 TYPE/MODEL: AM300HXVCHH/MG
 TYPE/MODEL: IRB-200 ECOWAT
AM200HXVCNH/ID +AM100FXVCHH/MG (Outdoor Unit)
Air Flow: 200 m3/h
Nominal Cooling capacity (46ºC): 72 KW
Static pressure: 250 Pa
Power consumption: 24.7 KW (400/3Ph/60Hz)
Power consumption: 74 W (230/1Ph/60Hz)
Refrigerant: R410a
4.6.1.5. Corridors and other technical rooms
Air flow: 18,600 + 12,300 m3/h
A fan with air flow enough shall be installed to guarantee 2 changes / hour in the corridor and in the air-conditioned
Dimensions/Weight: (1295x1695x765)+(880x1695x765)mm (LxWxH) technical rooms. A fan shall be installed in the corridors in each level generating a depressed in these areas. A sand
trap shall be provided in order to introduce air in ventilated areas.
Weight: 321+181 Kg
Total Air
 Ventilation for technical rooms H Air Flow Sand
Level Area m2 Design Flow Fan
(m) (m3/h) Trap
(m3/h)

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 Substation 39.8 4 319  Fire pump room
 Areas connected to the exterior in level 0, -2 and -3
Emergency power room 40 4 320

-2 Normal power room 36 4 2 ACH 288 2000 IRB-315 900x900

Material of the pipe will be C-PVC Sch 80.

Electrical room 13.1 4 105 The supply pipe to the water taps will be connected to the Main distribution pipe that is described under the hydraulic
discipline.
Corridor 85.1 4 681
Water distribution network is designed according to SBC 701 chapter 3. Pipes are designed according to two criteria:
Corridor 43.4 4.4 382 peak demand or flow and peak pressure, resulting in the size of the pipe. Capacities at the fixture supply pipe outlets
-3 2 ACH 1000 IRB-225 900x900
Communication rooms 34.9 4.4. 307 are not less than the values shown in the following table (extracted from SBC 701).

Table 32.Air Flow for corridors and other technical rooms

The characteristics of the fan are as follows:

 TYPE/MODEL: IRB-225 ECOWAT

Air Flow: 1000 m3/h

Static pressure: 250 Pa

Power consumption: 265W (230/1Ph/60Hz)

 TYPE/MODEL: IRB-315 ECOWAT

Air Flow: 2000 m3/h

Static pressure: 250 Pa

Power consumption: 265 W (230/1Ph/60Hz)

Table 34. Table 3.4.4 SBC 701
The air shall be extracted through rectangular galvanized ducts and return grilles. The air shall enter the rooms by
depression
Has been considered the filling of the Fire Pump Room tanks. Being its nominal diameter of 65mm for a filling time
5. PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM of 8 hours as indicated in NFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, chapter 4.2.1.4: The water
supply shall be capable of filling the minimum required fire protection volume within the tank in a maximum of 8
5.1. Plumbing system hours. (180m3/8 hours) = 6.3l/s.

5.1.1. Scope From the filling flow, in m³/s, and taking a calculation speed, V, of 2 m/s, the diameter of the pipe can be determined:

There is a prevision of water taps in the Technical Rooms for the cleaning of some specific areas 𝑄
𝐴= ⎫ 4×𝑄 4 × 0,00625
𝑉
⇒𝑑 = = = 0,0630 𝑚 = 63.0 𝑚𝑚
5.1.2. Standards / Codes / Regulations. 𝑑 ⎬ 𝜋×𝑉 𝜋×2
𝐴=𝜋× ⎭
2

The following codes and standards are applicable for the design of the plumbing installation of the building.
For an internal diameter, di, of 63.0 mm, the nominal diameter, DN, of the pipe is 65mm, guaranteeing a more
efficient filling for the fire tank.

ID Description 5.2. Sanitary and storm water drainage system

Saudi Building Code 701 Sanitary, Chapter 6 5.2.1. Scope
IPC International Plumbing Code There is a prevision for the collection of drainage water and storm water in the Technical Rooms

Table 33. Standards and codes

5.1.3. Design Criteria. 5.2.2. Standards / Codes / Regulations.

Water taps have been designed for the following areas: The following codes and standards are applicable for the design of the drainage installation of the Building.
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 The material of the pipes will be U-PVC DWV pipe Schedule 40.

ID Description This system has been designed with the below table according to SBC 701 standards, section 314.2.2:
Saudi Building Code 701 Sanitary. Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11. MINIMUM CONDENSATE
EQUIPMENT CAPACITY (TONS / KW)
PIPE DIAMETER (MM)
IPC International Plumbing Code UP TO 20 TONS OF UP TO 70,34 KW OF
20
REFRIGERTATION REFRIGERTATION
Table 35. Standards and codes
OVER 20 TONS TO 40 TONS OF OVER 70,34 KW TO 140,67 KW 25
5.2.3. Design Criteria.
REFRIGERATION OF REFRIGERATION
Linear channels and storm drains installed in the following areas: OVER 40 TONS TO 90 TONS OVER 140,67KW TO 316,52 KW
32
OF REFRIGERATION OF REFRIGERATION
 Zones having connection with the exterior to collect the storm water (Rooms, covers and stair) OVER 90 TONS TO 125 TONS OVER 316,52KW TO 439,61 KW
38
OF REFRIGERATION OF REFRIGERATION
Linear channels executed in hearth have been installed in the following areas:
OVER 125TONS TO 250 TONS OVER 439,61KW TO 879,21 KW
50
 Fire Pump Room to collect the water from the cleaning operations and emptying tanks. OF REFRIGERATION OF REFRIGERATION
 Additionally, drains have been included to collect possible spills in the pumping group.
Table 38. 314.2.2. SBC 701
To drive these possible spills, a 1.5kw pumping group has been included for a flow of 5l/s and a head of 30m. This
group is installed in a 1.5x1.5x1.6m pumping well in the Fire Pump Room.
Surface
Area Q (l/s Ha) Q (l/s)
(m2)
Water will be collected by pipes executed into the foundation towards the sump pump that will be installed at the
level -3 in the Fire Pumping Station. Sump pump will supply the water into the grey water network. Pressurization 1 5,77 285 0,16

Material of the pipes will be U-PVC pipe Schedule 40 according with section 702 of SBC 701 standards. Pressurization 2 2,88 285 0,08

Plant roof generator room 77,30 285 2,21

Pipe slope shall be according with the table 704.1 of SBC 701.
Evacuation stair 1 plant roof 24,08 285 0,69
SIZE MINIMUM SLOPE
(mm) (%) Evacuation stair 2 plant roof 22,44 285 0,64

65 or less 2 Stair 1 Technical Rooms 5,82 285 0,17

80 to 150 1
Table 39. The rainwater collection areas
Table 36. Pipe slope

Rainfall rate value assumed for calculations and sizing is 102,7 mm/h (data for 50 years flood prediction and For designing rainwater drainage system tables 6.6.2 and 6.6.3 from SBC 701 are used:
duration 10 minutes), run-off coefficient is 1 and the minimum slope of storm water system pipes shall be 1%:

Table 37. Rainfall Insensity curva

Condensate water from HVAC equipment will be connected to the drainage system of the Technical rooms.
Table 40. Size of vertical Ducts and leaders3 from SBC 701
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 SBC 801 Saudi Building Code Requirements. Fire Protection.

NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

NFPA 92 Standard for smoke control systems

NFPA 204 Standard for smoke and heat venting

Others ANSI, API, ASME, ASTM, ICC, NEMA, NFPA and UL standards included in SBC 801

Table 42. Standards and codes

6.3. Design Criteria

The spaces will be pressurized by the supply of positively pressurized fresh air to prevent smoke infiltration into the
main escape route in the event of a fire.

 Total air flow to supply into the staircase shall be enough to maintain a minimum pressure difference
between stairwell and smoke zone of 12.5 Pa, with the door open. For flow calculation, the number of doors
open simultaneously in each stair has been considered as one.
 Sand trap louvers will be installed at air intakes to avoid sand and dust entrance.
 Pressurization systems will be provided with power supply and control panels with a PLC, a variable
frequency drive and a differential pressure sensor in order to avoid pressures over 50Pa in case of closed
doors
 Maximum pressure difference shall not be higher than maximum force permitted to open the door. The
maximum opening force across doors into egress stair will be 133 N.

6.4. Calculation of the pressurization system

6.4.1. Design Pressure Values
Following Design value for differential pressure has been taken:

 Maximum ΔP between smoke zone and the stairwell with all doors closed = 50 Pa.
 Minimum ΔP between smoke zone and the stairwell with one door open = 15 Pa.
 For stairs 1 and 3 connected to the tunnel, a depression or overpressure due to the ventilation tunnel system
will be considered:
In stairwell (north orientation tube):
o Maximum static pressure: 50 Pa
Table 41. Size of horizontal Ducts and leaders3 from SBC 701 o Minimum static pressure: -40 Pa
In stairwell (south orientation tube):
6. SMOKE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM o Maximum static pressure: 30 Pa
o Minimum static pressure: -30 Pa
6.1. Scope 6.4.2. Flow Calculation Procedure
According to Life Safety Report, a pressurization system will be designed in the following places: Calculations have been performed for the two possible scenarios: closed doors and open doors. Air flow required
will be the highest values between both scenarios.
 Pressurization system for the staircases 1, 2 and 3.
The air flow supplied in the staircase shall be enough to maintain a maximum pressure differential between staircase
The aim of this system is to inhibit smoke from entering into the stairwell, which permits the evacuation ant the
access of the Fire Brigade into the Fire Pump Room in safety conditions. and building is calculated according to following equation (ASHRAE/SPFE Principles of the Smoke Management):

6.2. Standards / Codes / Regulations. 2P

Q  K 0 CA
Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the design for the smoke management system: 
Where:

 Q is the air flow for pressurization (m3/s)

ID Description
 K0 is a constant (1.0)

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  C is the flow coefficient NFPA 13 Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems.

o Doors closed: C = 0.65 (small paths) NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
o Door open: C = 0.35 (big paths, doors)
NFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
 A is the leakage area in construction elements (m2). In case of open doors, the total area of the doors will
NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
be included in this parameter. In this case, only one door is open.
NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
The leakage area (A) has been calculated according to area ratios included in the ASHRAE, NFPA 92 and
EN-12101-6 standards. Due to uncertainly values for cracks in construction elements, a safety factor of 1.5 PIARC 2016R03 FFPS in road tunnels. Current practices

is used in the leakage area calculation. Others ANSI, API, ASME, ASTM, , ICC, NEMA, NFPA and UL standards included in SBC 801

 P is the pressure difference between stairwell and building (Pa).

Table 43.Standards and codes
o Doors closed = 50 Pa
7.3. Design criteria
o Door opened = 15 Pa
 ρ is the air density (1.14 kg/m3) 7.3.1. Design criteria for the tunnel
In accordance with NFPA 502, the tunnel has been classified as Category C with a length equals or exceeds 300
m (1000 ft). The facilities indicated for the fire protection system according to the NFPA Standard are shown below:
The pressurization calculation for the different scenarios is shown in the Annex document: SB-DCC-DC3-B08-
KABI-ANX-UTL-FPS-4000001-D01.

7. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

7.1. Scope
Following fire protection systems are considered for the tunnel:

 Fire Department Connections

 Hose connections Class I
 Portable Fire extinguishers in cabinet
Following fire protection systems are considered for the Technical Rooms: Figure 31.Table A.7.2 (NFPA 502) Minimum Road Tunnel Fire Protection Reference Guide
Where:
 Hose connections Class I
 Fire Department connection MR: (Mandatory Requirement). A requirement prefaced by the word “shall” within the standard.

 Wet sprinkler system CMR: (Conditionally Mandatory Requirement).A requirement that is based on the results of an engineering
 Portable Fire extinguishers analysis.

There is a common Fire pumping Station and Fire Water Tank for the supply of all the fire systems for both tunnel Therefore, the systems developed for the fire protection system will be the following:
and Technical Rooms.  Fire standpipe: Wet standpipe systems shall be designed and installed as Class I in accordance with NFPA14.
7.2. Standard & codes  Hose connections: Class I hose connection must be provided so that the space between them does not exceed
85 m (275 ft). The hose connections inside the tunnel shall be connected to the wet standpipe.
Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the design for the fire protection system:  Fire department connections: According to NFPA 502 (10.3.2) standpipe system shall have two fire
department connections that are remotely located from each other. These connections shall be situated next
ID Description to the portals. Fire department connections shall be joined to the wet standpipe system.
SBC 801 Saudi Building Code Requirements. Fire Protection.  Water Supply: Wet standpipe system shall have an approved water supply that is capable of supplying the
system demand for a minimum of 1 hour.
NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways
7.3.2. Design criteria for the Technical rooms
NFPA 14 Standard for the installation of Standpipes and Hose Systems
According to the Life Safety Report, the Technical Rooms will be equipped with the following systems.
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 7.5. Fire Fighting system for technical rooms
 Fire standpipe: Wet standpipe systems shall be designed and installed as Class I in accordance with NFPA14.
7.5.1. Hose connections (Class I)
 Hose connections: Class I hose connection must be provided.
 Fire Department connection. According to NFPA 14, chapter 7.12.2, a minimum of one fire department The building shall be protected with Standpipe Class I hose connection system, according to SBC-801 Chapter 9
connection will be required for each standpipe. Section 905.3.1 Exceptions 1 and 5

 Sprinkler system for all the Technical rooms except the Electrical and Telecom ones, in accordance with NFPA The landing valves (hose connections) shall be installed according to NFPA 14, chapter 7.3 and SCB-801 905.4, in
13. the following locations:
 An extinction system with NOVEC 1230TM gas shall be provided for Electrical and Telecom areas with sensitive a) In the exit stairway, between the landing floors.
equipment.
b) On one side of the horizontal exit taking into consideration that all the floor areas are reachable to that
 Portable extinguishers. landing valve. The travel distance to consider will be 61m as the Technical Rooms is a sprinklered building
 Water Supply able for supplying the system demand for a minimum of 1 hour. c) One hose connection will be provided at the highest landing of the stairway with access to the roof.
7.4. Fire Fighting system for the tunnel d) Additional hose connections shall be provided in sprinklered buildings where the distance from the hose
connection to the most remote portion or story exceeds 61m
7.4.1. Hose connections (Class I) According to the architecture of the Technical Rooms, the landing valves are only needed in the exit stairway
A Class I standpipe with 2½“ (65mm) hose connection to supply water shall be provided for use by fire departments because the distance from this area to any other remote portion of the story is not exceeding 61 m. Therefore it is
and those trained in handling heavy fire streams. Class I standpipe systems shall be wet considering that piping is not necessary to install any other additional hose connection.
not subject to freezing. Hose connections shall have 65mm (2½“) external threads in accordance with NFPA 1963
Seamless steel pipes galvanized fitted to the wall shall be provided for this standpipe. The diameter of the vertical
and AHJ.
standpipe will be 4”(100mm). In case of having any branch line, the size will not be smaller than 65mm.
Class I hose connection must be provided so that the space between them does not exceed 85 m (275 ft). Four
For a Class I system according to NFPA 14, the minimum flow rate shall be 750 gpm (2839 l/min). The minimum
hose connection are provided in each tube.
residual pressure at the hydraulically most remote 2½“ (65mm) hose connection shall be 100psi (6,9 bar).
Seamless steel pipes galvanized fitted to the wall shall be provided for these systems. Pipeline for each tube shall
7.5.2. Fire Department connection
be connected forming a ring. The diameter provided for this system is 6”(150mm). Pipe and fittings shall be
complying with the applicable sections of NFPA 14 that address pipe, fittings, joining methods, hangers and For the technical building Fire Department Connection size shall be based on the sandpipe system demand and
installation. Piping shall not pass through hazardous areas and shall be locates so that it is protected from shall include one 2½” (65mm) inlet per every 250 gpm (946l/min). In this way, a 3 ways (3x65mm) Fire Department
mechanical and fire damage. Connection shall be provided. A non-return valve shall be provided before connection with the fire pipeline.

For a Class I system according to NFPA 14, the minimum flow rate shall be 750 gpm (2840 l/min).The minimum It will be visible and recognizable from and located within 15.2m of the street or nearest point of fire department
residual pressure at the hydraulically most remote 2½ “ (65mm) hose connection most remote shall be 100psi (6,9 apparatus access.
bar).
7.5.3. Sprinkler system.
Hose connections shall be unobstructed and shall be located not less than 3ft (0,9m) or more than 5ft (1,5m) above
A wet pipe sprinkler system is designed for the technical rooms according to the requirements of the Life Safety
the floor. This dimension shall be measured from the floor to the center of the hose valve.
Report.
7.4.2. Fire department connections
The biggest room to be protected is the Pumping Station. According to NFPA 20, this room must be protected with
According to NFPA 502 (10.3.1) a minimum of two fire department connections shall be provided remotely located sprinklers with an Ordinary Hazard Group 1:
from each other. Therefore, four department connections shall be provided next to the portals in each tube.

These Fire Department Connections (FDC) shall be of the threaded two-way type. These connections consist of a
100mm quick-connect coupling that is accessible and compatible with the fire department equipment. A non-return
valve shall be provided before connection with the fire pipeline. The diameter for this valve is 6" (150mm).

Fire department connections shall be visible accessible and recognizable. FDC shall be protected by Bollard to
prevent from Vehicular damage.

7.4.3. Fire extinguishers The density and operation area are taken from NFPA 13:

Portable extinguishers in cabinet shall be provided within the tunnel. ABC dry chemical extinguishers are provided
for the tunnel.

The number, size and placement of fire extinguishers required shall meet the requirements of NFPA 502. Fire
extinguisher shall be located along the tunnel in approved wall cabinets at intervals of not more than 90m (300ft).

Fire extinguishers shall be located where they are readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire.
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  Does not extinguish fire by reducing the amount of oxygen.
 It has a low global warming potential whose value is 1.
 Its life in the atmosphere is very low
 It is neither toxic nor corrosive nor conducts electricity.
Area Total Volume Concentration Total Radial
Cylinder
name (m )3
factor (Kg) Diffuser

Line mobile room 37,6 5,3% - 5,9% 17 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

IT/COMS room 52,8 5,3% - 5,9% 24 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

Emergency control room 49,1 5,3% - 5,9% 22 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

Electrical room 52,6 5,3% - 5,9% 24 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

Figure 32.NFPA 13. Sprinkler density curves
UPS room 36,2 5,3% - 5,9% 17 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

Sprinklers will be distributed along the areas according to the distances indicated in the following table: Substation room 159,3 5,3% - 5,9% 73 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

Emergency Power room 168 5,3% - 5,9% 77 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

Normal Power room 132 5,3% - 5,9% 61 127 L, 25BAR 1 ½ “ (1)

Table 45. Summary of the Clean Agent extinction system

The physical characteristics of the protected spaces will be considered by closing the open areas that would reduce
the effectiveness of the system to extinguish the fire. The ventilation and air conditioning systems will be
disconnected.

To determine the integrity of the enclosure, the “Door Fan Test” must be carried out according to the manufacturer's
requirements and ISO 14520-1, Annex E.
Table 44. NFPA 13 Areas and Maximum Spacing for Sprinklers A fire suppression system control shall be provided. The fire suppression control panel uses a 'Co-Incidence"
monitoring facility which only be discharged if there is a coincidence of activation from a minimum of two fire
detectors.
Steel Pipes schedule 40 will be used. Pipe, fittings and devices will be joined with grooved couplings.

7.5.4. Fire extinguishers 7.6. Water supply

Portable extinguishers shall be provided within the technical rooms. ABC dry chemical extinguishers are provided 7.6.1. Water demand
for the tunnel.. CO2 extinguishers shall be provided in order to protect those areas or rooms with a high electric risk.
The water supply is designed for both the Tunnel and the Technical Rooms. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate
The number, size and placement of fire extinguishers required shall meet the requirements of Chapter 5 NFPA 10. what is the most demanding case. Following there are calculations of the different water supplies for each scenario
Fire extinguisher shall be located so that the maximum travel distances shall not exceed 75ft (22.9m). of fire.

Fire extinguishers shall be located where they are readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire. Scenario 1: Fire inside the tunnel.

7.5.5. Clean Agent extinction system In this scenario, the water demand is calculated for the standpipes.

An extinction system with extinguishing NOVEC1230TM gas shall be provided for Electrical and Telecom areas with According to NFPA 14 section 7.10.1.1.2, the flow rate demanded for a fire protection system Class I will be the
sensitive equipment. minimum corresponding to the simultaneous operation of the 3 unfavorable fire connections, considering a flow rate
of 250 gpm for each of them (946 l/min).
NOVEC 1230TM can extinguish fire through its cooling effect, reducing the thermal energy of the flame and
interrupting the combustion reaction, while other gases base their effect on the displacement of oxygen. Therefore, the flow rate selected for the pressure group shall be as follows:

The advantages of extinguishing systems using NOVEC 1230TM are as follows: Flow (Scenario 1) = 3 x 250 gpm = 750 gpm (2840 l/min)

 Low concentration of design is required with fewer storage cylinders compared to other extinguishing systems. Scenario 2: Fire at the Technical rooms

 The overpressure produced in the enclosure to be protected during the discharge is minimal. In this scenario, the water demand is calculated for the designed combined system with standpipes and sprinklers.
 Suitable for areas occupied by people. Therefore, it has been calculated according to NFPA 13 and 14.
 Does not damage the ozone layer.  NFPA 14 (standpipes): According to section 7.10.1.1.1 of NFPA 14, for Class I systems, the minimum flow
 Discharge time of 6 to 10 seconds. rate for the hydraulically most remote standpipe shall be 500 gpm (1893 l/min), through the two most remote
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 65 mm hose connections,to which must be added the minimum flow required for additional standpipes of 250 Technical details of the fire pumping group are listed below:
gpm (946 l/min) per standpipe, according to section 7.10.1.1.3.
Flow (NFPA 14) = 2 x 250 + 250 = 750 gpm (2840 l/min)
 Two electrical fire pumps, horizontal centrifugal pump for the supply the hydraulic system, electrically powered,
Rated flow 750 gpm, static pressure 10.7 bar (155 psi), electric motor 100 HP (60Hz).
 NFPA 13 (sprinklers): The sprinkler demand (including any hose stream demand) in accordance with NFPA  One electric powered jockey pump 25 gpm, pressure 10.8 bar (160 psi), 5.6 KW (60Hz).
13 is: Fire pumps shall be installed, inspected and maintained in accordance with NFPA 20.
Sprinkler demand for Ordinary Hazard 1: 225.6 gpm (854 l/min)
7.6.5. Supply Distribution Network
20% considered due to hydraulic calculations: 270.7 gpm (1.025 l/min)
Fire Pumps supply the water to the Main Header A located in the Fire Fighting Station. From this Header there are
Hose stream demand: 250 gpm (946 l/min) the following supply Distribution pipes:

Flow (NFPA 13) = 270.7 + 250 = 520.7 gpm (1.971 l/min) 1- ND 150 Pipe to supply the Hoses Class 1 for the Tunnel
2- ND 100 Pipe to supply the sprinkler system for the Technical Rooms
In accordance with section 7.10.1.3.1.1 of NFPA 14, the water supply for a combined sprinkler and automatic
3- ND 100 Pipe to supply the standpipe system for the Technical Rooms
standpipe system shall be based on whichever is greater. Therefore:
4- Reserve
Flow (Scenario 2) = 750 gpm (2840 l/min)
8. FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
Total Water Demand

In this case, in both scenarios the same demanded flow rate is obtained, therefore the fire pumps will be calculated
8.1. Scope
for a total water demand of 750 gpm (2840 l/min). Following systems, equipment and materials are considered:
Flow (Scenario 1) = Flow (Scenario 2) = 750 gpm (2840 l/min)
 Linear fire detection in tunnel
Total Flow demand = 750 gpm (2840 l/min)  Manual fire alarm boxes in tunnel and technical rooms
7.6.2. Pressure drops  Fire detection and notification in technical rooms.
Autosprink 2019 Version 15.1.25.0 has been used for hydraulic calculations. The hydraulic calculation for the 8.2. Standard & codes
different scenarios is shown in the Annex SB-DCC-DC3-B08-KABI-ANX-UTL-FPS-4000001
Ffollowing standards have been taken into account in order to define the alternatives for the electrical system:

ID Description
7.6.3. Fire tank
SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization
According to NFPA 502, chapter 10.2.1m, the wet standpipe systems shall be connected to an approved water
NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways
supply that is capable of supplying the system demand for a minimum of 1 hour.
NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signalling Code
Then, the water storage capacity of the reservoir will be 180 m3, according to the following calculation:
SBC Saudi Building Code
 Water flow (Class I): 750 gpm (2840 l/min)
Table 46. Standards and Codes
 Period of time : 60 minutes
8.3. Design criteria
Capacity = 2840 l/min x 60 min = 170,400litres In accordance with NFPA 502, the tunnel has been classified as Category C with a length equal or exceeds 300 m
(1000 ft). A detection system is necessary according to Section 7.4.2 and Table A.7.2.
Capacity (increase 5%) = 178,92 litres (180m3)

7.6.4. Fire Pump

The characteristics of the fire pump will be:

Water demand: 750 gpm

Total Pressure: 10.7 bar

The nominal capacity of the pump is according to the NFPA 20, table 4.10.2

The fire pumping station provides two pumps, one working and one stand-by, (electrical + electrical). Additionally,
the group provides one smaller pump, jockey pump, to maintain the pressure in the network.
Therefore, the following systems shall be developed:
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  Linear fire detection: in order to protect the tunnel.
 Manual fire alarm: Push buttons will be provided throughout the tunnel in order to transmit an alarm signal if The connection between the control unit of linear fire detection of the tunnel and the control center is realized through
it is required. the network backbone of communication. This network is connected with the UL listed fire switch located in the
 Fire detection in technical rooms including manual fire alarm, sirens, multi-sensor detectors and a fire communication room. The control unit is connected to this switch to send the alarms to the SCADA of the tunnel.
detection panel for two loops. The information obtained by control unit of linear fire detection will be processed in the server of management of
the tunnel.
8.4. Linear fire detection
To avoid electromagnetic interferences from power electrical systems all Ethernet cables shall be S/STP Cat6A
For the Linear heat detection in the tunnel there will be a linear fire detection cabling mounted on the ceiling of the (F/FTP and UTP shall be not used).
tunnel. The linear fire detection cabling is an optical fiber cable, multimode, with two fibers.
For a redundant communication, the unit controls are connected to the Fire Alarm panel of the detection system
According to the NFPA 502 standard, in point 7.4. indicates the following: and Main fire alarm panel will be connected directly through S/STP Cat6A UL listed cable to an UL listed fire
communication switch. In this way, there will be an UL listed IP connection line with SCADA system. Also for
communications with Civil Defense and RCRC Traffic and according to specifications document Section 28 46 00
ch. 2.2.b.4, and Fire Alarm Panel cellular line and PSTN fixed line (through DACT) are provided. Therefore the
means of Transmission to Remote Supervising Station are cellular line, PSTN line through DACT (Digital alarm
Therefore, there will be two independent linear heat detection systems in each tube of the tunnel. There will be two communicator transmitter) and IP line. (Note: Performance-Based Technology (one IP connection and another
units of control with two different cables, one of each unit of control. cellular line) instead PSTN (telephone companies no longer install copper lines, leaving PSTN as a relic). Our aim
was to use Performance-Based Technology with a path via IP (switch connection) and another via cellular mobile
Each unit of control and evaluation system has two measurements of cable, with a maximum distance of 1.000 line (room for mobile operator inside technical rooms space inside tunnel, i.e. provided coverage cellular), with this
meters each one. This is the maximum distance specified like maximum length is allowed to fail. For each unit DACT and if PSTN copper line is provided) we will have 3 paths for FAP communications to Civil Defense and
control there will be one of the cables in the Southbound tube of the tunnel and the other cable in the Northbound RCRC traffic).
tube of the tunnel. Our tunnel has a length of 375 m. each tube. We need two linear cables of each control unit (total
of four cables in each tube) because the tube has more than 10 meters wide, and one linear cable only detect 9 The SCADA system through the PLC will be responsible for activating and controlling the tunnel fans in case of fire,
meters of wide. Then, there will be two linear cable of each tube. The total length of each linear fire detection is 780 in emergency mode. These fans will operate according to the ventilation algorithms programmed in the SCADA and
meters approximately. The unit control of the system with two measurements cable up to 1000 meters is correct to executed by the PLC. The PLC will control the starts of the fans, the number of fans running, reverse rotation of the
our project. fans.

Automatic fire detection systems will be capable of identifying the location of the fire within 15 m (50 ft).To the The PLC operating as emergency equipment shall be equipped with fire safety requirements as specified in NFPA
beginning and to the end of the cable; the installation will end in a box of connections of polyester reinforced with 72.
fiber glass. This box will be used like final box of cable and derivation for connection with the Control unit too. It shall be a redundant PLC, with two CPUs, one of them in operation and the other in Standby. It shall have a
Controller units have been installed in the tunnel communication room and in the fire pump room, as indicated in memory backup of 40%
the drawings of linear fire detection, fire safety equipment. Both of them will be connected with FA system. The linear heat detection system will be connected the SCADA system through its own control system. Specific
There will be 1 unit control for each linear fire detection cable, in the communication room and in the fire pump room views on the SCADA system shall be developed to assume a complete monitoring and remote controls.
in the middle of the tunnel. These units have two linear fire detection cables, one for each tube. Every fire detection There will be the provision for future connection between RCRC traffic network (manhole next to technical rooms in
cable is independent of the other, and its data and measurements are analyzed for each tube. The alarms are level 0 will be provided) and FA system (ducts and trays connect the manhole to emergency local control room).
independent too. Communication via fiber service provider is also provided.
There will be 3 zones of detection, in each tube, according with ventilation system zones. The three zones are the Functional description
followings:
This system consists on a cable with one or more optical fibers embedded in a tube of aramid and crown of synthetic
fiber, covered with 4mm diameter, flame retardant and halogen-free. It offers constantly the temperature of the
sensor creating a line graph of temperatures in the tunnel.

The unit of control of the system supplies the electricity to the cable sensor, realize the cycle of addressing of them
sensors connected, it reads the values of temperature measure and it interprets the information. In the case of which
the value exceeds a threshold, a decisive alarm show.

When the system detects an alarm, automatically all the algorithms of the emergency in case of fire will be activated
and all of the emergency system of the tunnel will begin to work.

In the case of an event (for example fire alarm) the traffic lights are automatically switched to red through the own
monitoring module of Traffic PLC and report to SCADA the actual status of the lights and the changes of the lights
of the traffic lights equipment.
Figure 33. Schematic fire detection zones layout

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8.5. Manual fire alarm For the detector’s installation the manufacturer`s published instructions shall be followed.

Manual fire alarm boxes mounted in NEMA Enclosure Type 4 (IP 65) shall be installed at intervals of not more than 8.6.4. Fire detection panel for two loops
90 m (300 ft) throughout the tunnel, according to NFPA502. A fire detection panel for two loops will be selected in technical area. It has been located in Communication room in
accordance to NFPA 72. In order to fire brigade to access the panel from outside the tunnel and avoid to hazardous
Fire alarm boxes (manually actuated alarm-initiating shall be securely mounted. The operable part of a manually
conditions as a result of fire, a Repeater Panel is required to be provided at both end of the portal. There will be
actuated alarm initiating device shall be not less than 42 in. (1.07m) and not more than 48 in. (1.22m) from the
located two Repeater Panel, at portal South and portal North.
finished floor.
The alarm signal from the control panel is connected directly to the SCADA via S/STP Cat6A UL listed data cable
The alarm buttons are connected to the detection loop from the fire panel that controls the technical rooms.
to the communications switch, also UL listed. Also for Civil Defense and RCRC connection interface Fire Alarm
8.6. Fire detection in technical rooms Control Panel is provided with cellular line and PSTN fixed line (through DACT)

The repeater panel will be outdoor type with NEMA Enclosure Type 4 (IP 65).
A fire detection system, according to NFPA72, will be provided in technical rooms. For technical rooms protected
with NOVEC gas an associated detection system (conventional type, composed of conventional smoke detectors
with 23m2 coverage, conventional gas system trigger abort and start buttons, fire suppression control panel (FSCP),
‘Triggered Fire Extinction’ luminous signboards, conventional siren with light, etc.) controlled by its own room Fire 9. CLOSED CIRCUIT OF CCTV
Suppression Control Panel (FSCP) has been provided. For rooms with gas system SB-DCC-DC3-B08-KABI-DRW-
UTL-FPS-4310001 detail applies. 9.1. Scope
Automatic fire detection systems shall be capable of identifying the location of the fire within 15 m (50 ft). Following systems, equipment and materials are considered:

8.6.1. Manual alarm boxes  PTZ dome cameras

For corridors and technical rooms without gas system, manual fire alarm boxes will be installed according to NFPA  IP fixed bullet cameras
72 and the devices shall be used only for fire alarm initiating purposes.  IP fixed domes
Manually actuated alarm-initiating devices shall be securely mounted. The operable part of a manually actuated  Video recorders
alarm initiating device shall be not less than 42 in. (1.07m) and not more than 48 in. (1.22m) from the finished floor.  System of visualization of the images of the cameras
Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided so that travel distance to the nearest manual fire alarm box 9.2. Standard & codes
shall not exceed 200 ft (61m) measured horizontally on the same floor.
Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the alternatives for the Closed Circuit of CCTV
8.6.2. Notification Appliances system:
Conventional Sirens with light connected into building Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) Notification Appliance
Circuits (NACs) will be provided in corridors (so covering the entire building) according to NFPA72. ID Description
SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization
The total sound pressure level produced by combining the ambient sound pressure level with the audible notification
of the sirens operating shall not exceed 110 dB at the minimum hearing distance having duration of at least 60 NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways
seconds.
NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signalling Code
8.6.3. Addressable Multi sensor detectors SBC Saudi Building Code
Addressable multi sensors combined (optical + heat) will be provided in corridors, stairs and technical rooms without
(IEC) International Electro-Technical Committee codes/standards.
gas system. Multi sensor detectors combine multiple detection signals, such as the levels of heat and ionization, as
opposed to specializing in only one. These detectors are triggered by many more types of fires than single sensor (STC) Saudi Telecommunication Company
detectors.
(NFPA 110) Local Civil Defense requirements-Standard for Emergency and Standby Power System
The multi-sensor detectors shall be listed for each sensor.
(NFPA 101) Life Safety Code
Because of the device-specific, software driven solution of multi-sensor detectors to reduce alarms and improve
(TIA) Telecommunications Industry Association
detector response to a nonspecific fire source, location and spacing criteria included with the detector installation
instructions shall be followed. (BSI) British Standards Institution

In general, for the distribution of the detectors the following requirements shall apply: (BSEN 60439-1) Forms of Separation

 The distance between detectors shall not exceed a nominal spacing of 30 ft (9,1m). (BSEN 60529) Degree of IP Protection

 All points on the ceiling shall have a detector within a distance equal to or less than 0.7 times the nominal 30 (BSEN 7430) Code of Practice for Earthing
ft (9,1m) spacing (0,7S), i.e. 6,37m.
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 (BS7671) 17th Edition of IEE Wiring Regulations Data and video image shall be transmitted through the communications lines.

MOI Ministry of Interior V31 Standard The connection between the camera and the control enclosure shall be a unique cable that will carry video signals
and the data to position the camera.
(BSEN 62676) Video surveillance systems for use in security applications
PTZ dome cameras (pan, tilt, zoom) shall be provided to monitor the portals and the traffic lights and barriers with
(BSEN 50132) Alarm systems. CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications.
a resulting image at the control center of adequate size and resolution to enable the operator to correctly observe
vehicles and the position of the barrier and the color of the traffic lights in case of the tunnel has been closed. These
Table 47.Standards and codes
cameras verify the position of these equipments when the tunnel is open and when an incident happens and the
9.3. Design criteria Authority through the control decides to close the tunnel.

Video monitoring systems (outdoor PTZ dome cameras) shall be installed outdoor of the tunnel near of the portals. Fixed bullet cameras shall be provided to monitor the tunnel and the portals with a resulting image at the control
The video monitoring system of visualization shall be installed in the Emergency local control room. center of adequate size and resolution to enable the operator to correctly observe vehicles. The function of these
cameras is to visualize the possible incidents inside the tunnel and outside the tunnel next to the portals like
To avoid electromagnetic interferences from power electrical systems all Ethernet cables shall be S/STP Cat6A accidents, traffic jams, etc. There will be 4 fixed bullet cameras (2 in each portals zone) out of the tunnel to show
(F/FTP and UTP shall be not used). images of the portals.Fixed dome cameras shall be provided to monitor the zones of the doors to access to the
technical rooms from tunnel, corridors and staircase. The function of these cameras is to visualize the entrance
This system allows the recording of different situations, so it is possible to do an analysis to prevent future incidents
zones for the detection of entrances to the levels 0, -2 and -3 of technical rooms and unauthorized person entrances
and give a better answer to the incident.
to important equipment rooms.
The possibilities of a system with these characteristics are varied and of vital importance:
Output cable from the outdoor cameras (PTZ cameras and fixed bullet cameras) has been designed with FO single
 To allow traffic monitoring: The vision of the traffic in the accesses serves as support for the operators to verify mode cable in a pair of Video and Data. Fixed bullet cameras for the tunnel have been designed with S/STP cable
the real traffic conditions, by direct observation, or as a means of verifying the possible erroneous information of 6A category if the distance is below of 100 meters. If the distance is more than 100 meters, the cable will be OF
from other systems (linear fire detection). single mode cable. Cameras IP send the video and data encoder in H.264 format to the control center.
 To allow meteorological conditions monitoring: The vision of the surrounding area serves as support for the With this system is not necessary multiplexing equipment to group de video signals of coaxial cable of an analogical
operators to verify visually the climatic conditions of the zone and their possible influence in the safety of the CCTV system to send the images through the optical fiber. It is not necessary de-multiplexing equipment in the
drivers. Control Center for viewing and recording TV signals.
 To serve as support for the operators in operation conditions: In this way, the direct vision is the only possible
way of verifying certain circumstance (correct operation of a part of the system, validation of phases in a The signal of each IP camera is transmitted directly to the Local Control Center in the communication room. The
determined protocol of performance as closing of tracks, etc.). system of transmission is the optical fiber network of communications to the outdoor cameras and S/STP 6A
category cable for indoor cameras.
 To serve as support in the management of incidents: The video surveillance systems constitutes one of the
key elements in the control and monitoring of the different phases that follow one another when an incident Fixed dome camera shall be provided to monitor the utility rooms and the emergency exit of the north tube, with a
occurs: detection, verification, reporting and response, working in field and cleaning. resulting image at the control center of adequate size and resolution to enable the operator to correctly observe
persons in these zones. So, if the access control system of the staircase in level -1 and the tunnel door issues an
9.4. System Description alarm of intrusion, the operator can confirm the alarm and see the intruder with the cameras located in the corridors
It has been projected a CCTV system with IP technology. There will be three types of cameras and the cables of previously to the intruder goes to the technical room.
communication of the images are different depending of the distance between the cameras and the Communication The dome fixed cameras in technical rooms are connected to the switches of the communication room with S/STP
Room. To PTZ cameras located out of the tunnel, this system uses IP cameras of CCTV with a fiber optic cable and Cat6A cable directly.
it is connected to a media converter of fiber optic to fast Ethernet with PoE injector, previously to the connection to
the camera and to the switches located in the communication room. In the Main Traffic Control Center is displayed through the TV users with the visualization software. In this Local
Control Center will record the images in recording servers assign the IP address of the cameras to the recorder.
The length of these cameras is more than 100 meters, so it is impossible to connect to an S/STP Cat.6A cable by This server has a capacity to record PTZ and fixed bullet cameras during 30 days continuously and dome fixed
standards of it. The other types of cameras are fixed bullet cameras and dome fixed cameras. Fixed bullet cameras cameras in technical rooms during 90 days continuously.
are into the tunnel and their locations are less and more than 90 meters to the Communication Room. The cable of
these cameras is S/STP Cat.6A with PoE injector with IP technology to the cameras with location less than 90 The justification of the storage will be for Bosch manufacturer (please, refer to specifications document Division 28
meters, and with a fiber optic cable and it is connected to a media converter of fiber optic to fast Ethernet with PoE Section 282000):
injector to the cameras witch location more than 90 meters. Each fixed bullet camera connects with the switches
located in the communication room. Hours of Total
Optimized
Qty Type Compression Resolution IPS recording estimate Bit
The fixed dome cameras are into the utility room and in the emergency exit of the north tube and their locations are Bit Rate
per day Rate
less than 90 meters to the Communication Room. The cable of the cameras of the utility room is S/STP Cat6A with 4 Outdoor PTZ IP dome H264 3840x2160 30 24 9,5 Mbps 38 Mbps
PoE injector with IP technology and connects each camera with the switches located in the communication room.
15 IP Fixed bullet camera H264 3840x2160 30 24 9,5 Mbps 142,5 Mbps
The cable of the camera in the emergency exit is S/STP Cat6A with PoE injector with IP technology, and connects
15 Dome fixed camera H264 1920x1080 30 24 2 Mbps 30 Mbps
the camera with the switches located in the communication room.

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The justification of the storage will be for Pelco manufacturer (please, refer to https://www.pelco.com/training-
support/design-tools/videoxpert-storage-estimator/):

Hours of Total
Optimized
Qty Type Compression Resolution IPS recording estimate Bit
Bit Rate
per day Rate
4 Outdoor PTZ IP dome H264 3840x2160 30 24 9,6525Mbps 38,61 Mbps
15 IP Fixed bullet camera H264 3840x2160 30 24 9,2066 Mbps 138,1 Mbps
15 Dome fixed camera H264 1920x1080 30 24 2,1813 Mbps 32,72 Mbps

Calculations:

For PTZ dome and bullet type cameras:

Por Dome Fixed cameras:

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 Table 48. Video recorder storage calculation Viewing facility: A viewing facility to allow the operator to simultaneously view the same camera images from at
 Recording Platform Server Type: RAID 6 least two separate locations has been supplied. This facility has been installed in the Local Emergency control room
and the Main Traffic Control Center assigned to this tunnel.
 User Impact Number of Concurrent Viewers: 4 Mbps per Viewer: 24 Mbps
 Retention/Capacity Retention (days): 30 days for Outdoor PTZ IP dome and IP fixed bullet camera and 90 Selection of camera: It is possible for the operator on duty at any time to select a view from any CCTV camera to
days for Dome fixed camera be displayed on any selected viewing facility.
 Incoming Traffic Total Incoming Streams: 34 CCTV response time: The time, from an operator has issued a command to view the images from a specific location
 Bandwidth Total Bitrate: 210,5 Mbps for Bosch; 257,43 Mbps for Pelco until these images are provided on the viewing facility, doesn´t exceed 2 seconds. The same response time is
applied when an automated system requests images from a certain camera to be presented.
 Minimum Storage Required:
 For Bosch manufacturer: 55,77 TB for PTZ and fixed bullet cameras for 30 days and 27,795 TB for dome Control delay: The camera function is interactively, remotely controlled by the operator on the basis of the monitor
fixed cameras for 90 days. Total 83,505 TB view in such a way, that tuning can take place quickly and safely. For example delays have not detrimental effects
 For Pelco manufacturer: 58 TB for PTZ and fixed bullet cameras for 30 days and 32 TB for dome fixed on the control.
cameras for 90 days. Total 90 TB Images ID: Images are automatically be supplied with camera ID, operator ID, location name/viewing direction, day,
 Recommended Hardware Option: 1 server witch 4 hard disc x 8 Tb (maximum capacity 32 TB). Each server month, year, hour, minute and seconds, and this information is visible on the images. The operator is able to remove
has a maximum of 16 channels or cameras to record. this information during viewing.
For this, the storage server has 4 hard disc of 8 TB to record 32 TB of storage of the all cameras with H.264 and 30
Automatic camera select function outside the tunnel: The CCTV function is automatically activated by the
fps. It will be necessary 3 storage server for all the cameras.
occurrence of any of the following events outside the tunnel, accompanied by a visual and an audible alarm to the
The optimized bit rates are data from principally manufactures of CCTV like Bosch, Pelco, etc. These data are traffic operator, and automatically record and show on the viewing facility the images of the activated area from the
optimized regarding to the bit rates of the free software of calculation that only shows generic bit rates. PTZ dome cameras:

Function  Closed barrier

CCTV cameras are as follows:  Red traffic light
The CCTV system is integrated in SACS (Security Access Control System) with CCTV and access control system
 The cameras are equipped with colour CCD, and motorized zoom lens. workstation. This system is associated with SCADA system because de alarms of the security system and
 Cameras automatically switch over to black and white under poor lighting conditions environmental system received in the SCADA give an order to the SACS to show the images of the camera near of
the equipment to note the alarm.
 The surveillance cameras are PTZ (pan, tilt, zoom)
 The system equipment is able to control the PTZ movement of cameras individually
 24 hours automatic recording of video of all camera images
10. TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
 The recorded camera images can be searched at any time together with the possibility of printing the selected
image 10.1. Scope
 Saving is in digital form in the central storage system
Following systems, equipment and materials are considered:
 Time display, single and multiple camera images with identification on a single monitor. The number of camera
images displayed on the monitor and on the video walls is adjustable.  Barriers for closing the entrances of tunnel
 The cameras are of tough, heavy-duty construction, with increased optical clarity.  Traffic lights with red traffic light to indicate that the tunnel is closed
 The Central CCTV system has been located in the Emergency Local Control room.  Variable Message Panel
The Emergency Local Control Room systems shall consist of monitors, keyboard, joystick and a mouse as well as  Variable Message Signal “Tunnel Closed”
the digital recorder and viewing workstation. The monitors shall be configured to be capable of displaying multiple
separate or individual camera outputs. Recorded images shall be stored on the digital recorder for at least 90 days 10.2. Standard & codes
for Dome fixed camera and 30 days for PTZ and fixed bullet cameras. System shall be capable of archiving the
Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the alternatives for the Traffic Control system:
recorded images to hard disk drive or DVD.

The CCTV control system shall provide the following reporting functions. ID Description
SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization
 Multiple camera displays for live viewing or playback while recording
NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways
 High-speed searching (date, time and alarm)
 Playback by date, time, and camera NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signalling Code
CCTV Operator Functions: SBC Saudi Building Code

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 (IEC) International Electro-Technical Committee codes/standards. Traffic lights are located in two positions: before the barriers to indicate if it is able to enter or not in the tunnel, and
before the tunnel near of the tunnel portals.
(STC) Saudi Telecommunication Company
Traffic lights apply LED technology; brightness may be adjusted according to the time of the day and the weather
(NFPA 110) Local Civil Defense requirements-Standard for Emergency and Standby Power System
conditions and must be connected to UPS system.
(NFPA 101) Life Safety Code
Traffic lights located before the portals of the tunnel are installed on columns before the entrance of the tunnel.
(TIA) Telecommunications Industry Association Traffic lights located before the barriers of the tunnel are installed on a gantry in the principal road of the tunnel.
(BSI) British Standards Institution The function of these traffic lights is to warn whenever the access of the tunnel is permitted or not, acting jointly with
the barrier, or to indicate an incidence with the focus of color amber.
(BSEN 60439-1) Forms of Separation

(BSEN 60529) Degree of IP Protection

Function

(BSEN 7430) Code of Practice for Earthing The traffic lights are controlled by their own monitoring module of Traffic PLC and report to SCADA the actual status
of the lights.
(BS7671) 17th Edition of IEE Wiring Regulations
The following conditions shall be possible:
Table 49.Standards and codes
 off
10.3. Design criteria  yellow flashing

To avoid electromagnetic interferences from power electrical systems all Ethernet cables shall be S/STP Cat6A  red
(F/FTP and UTP shall be not used).  green
The Traffic lights locations individually or in groups can be operated manually.
The main features of the traffic control system according to the preliminary report shall be the following:
In the case of an event (for example fire alarm) the traffic lights are automatically switched to red.
- Tunnel-closing equipment (Barriers)
There will be the provision for future connection between RCRC traffic network (manhole next to technical rooms in
- Traffic Lights
level 0 will be provided) and FA system (ducts and trays connect the manhole to emergency local control room).
- Variable Message Signal “Tunnel Closed”, Speed limit and red cross/green arrow Communication via fiber service provider is also provided.

Tunnel-closing equipment Variable Message Signal “Tunnel Closed”

Barriers are installed after the last detour before accessing the tunnel, so that the tunnel can be closed in case of Variable Message Signs will be projected outside the tunnel on the gantry of the traffic lights. It consists of an
an emergency and the vehicles can take the detour before stopping in the tunnel access lane. Additional means, alphanumeric zone full colour to show one message: “Tunnel Closed”.
such as traffic lights, are provided to ensure that instructions are obeyed. The length of the barriers are 8 meters
The tunnel closed signal will be activated as soon as the traffic lights change to red.
and there are two barriers in each access to the tunnel.
The closed tunnel signal is connected to the PLC via 2x2x0.91 mm twisted pair cable. When the PLC activates the
The barriers are an automatic system. First the traffic lights change to red light, and then the barriers down to close
tunnel closure, the traffic lights will change to red and the PLC will automatically switch on the tunnel closed signal.
the entrance of the tunnel. This operation is automatic, and the PLC orders the down of the barrier automatically.
There will be a delay to prevent vehicles being trapped between the traffic lights and the barrier. The delay between The activation of this signal can be observed through the PTZ camera located in front of these devices from the
the order of the red signal and the closing barrier will be 6 seconds for a considered speed of 90 km/h. RCRC operator station.
There are two loops with the barrier to detect vehicles detained before the barrier. This confirm the detention of the Variable Message Signals Speed limit and red cross/green arrow
vehicles when the barrier down.
Variable Message Signs will be projected outside the tunnel on the portals. It consists of an alphanumeric zone full
The control of the position of the barrier is realized with electromechanical micro switches that it is worked by the
colour to show two types of message: Speed limit and red cross/green arrow to indicate open road or closed road.
cams of the position that are located in the axis of the engine. This configuration ensures a very precise adjustment
of the movement limits of the arm of the barrier. At the portal there are 6 VMS in each location (3 with speed restrictions and 3 with cross/arrow).
If there is no electrical power, the arm of the barrier can work manually with an emergency crank of the barrier. The traffic control cabinets will be located at the portal.
The power supply will be 230 VCA. There will be a power supply of 230VCA/24VCC of 1,5 A for the internal operation
The control unit consists of a computer and a communication unit for storing sign pictures, to control the displays
of the control equipment and the outdoor signals.
and communicate with the centre. The power supply of the control unit is uninterruptible (UPS).
The barriers have a PLC with 8 digital inputs of 24 Vcc, power supply included, and 4 digital outputs with NC/NO
contacts. Potential malfunction is warned by an automatic alarm system. The communication module consists of a network

Traffic lights connection of the control computer and a suitable branch of the adjacent LAN switch. There is an IP based network
connection between the centre and the individual VMS units.
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The signboards are able to display the appropriate icons and text messages. The SCF do not allow the operator to set the SCF sign in a configuration which is not permissible by the approved
general traffic control scheme in accordance with the Traffic Management Plan.
The signboards apply LED technology; brightness is adjusted according to the time of the day and the weather
conditions. It is possible for the operator to define minimum 10 predefined settings involving all individual SCF signs settings
and manually enforce these setting with a keystroke.
The VMS subsystem is directly interfaced with the SCADA system.
If the control link between the central site and a sign is broken, the sign autonomously displays a blank face.
The Central Unit is located in the communication room.

The decision support system (SCADA) for VMS runs on the central computer, the input data is provided by the Cross/Arrow Sign
central traffic management system. This decision support system is partly automatic; in certain traffic and weather The Cross/Arrow Sign function is implemented through the use of the signs capable of posting green arrow to allow
circumstances it alarms the operator and automatically sends display command to the particular VMS units. the circulation of the vehicle or to post Red Cross to deny the circulation of the vehicles.
Furthermore, it provides functionality for the operator to manually set icon messages on particular signboards. If the circulation is normal, the sign shows a green arrow. If there is an incident that it blocks the road, the sign
The user interface to be developed on the central computer allows for: shows a red cross. The vehicles will not be able to drive in this road.

- All-time monitoring of the system with testing function If the tunnel has to be closed by an incident, all the signs show a red cross, and the traffic lights are red, and the
barriers are down. The vehicles will not drive into the tunnel.
- Displaying all signal pictures actually set on any signboard
The Cross/Arrow signs are controllable by the operator based on current traffic conditions.
- Archiving all processes and retrievable
It is possible to completely blank the signs.
Function
The Cross/Arrow signs do not allow the operator to set the position of the sign in a configuration which is not
All signs and signals are remotely controllable from the traffic operators’ panel, and it shall be possible to individually
permissible by the approved general traffic control scheme in accordance with the Traffic Management Plan.
turn all signs and signals on and off within the specified response times.
If the control link between the central site and a sign is broken, the sign autonomously displays a blank face.
It is possible for the operator to manually override any automatic control of the signs.

All VMS in a road segment are controlled from a single traffic operator panel at a time. The operator ID, operator
panel road segment, date/time etc. is logged. 11. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND SCADA
Each VMS unit is able to automatically adjust its display intensity in order to provide optimum visual effect under 11.1. Scope
changing light and visibility conditions.
Following systems, equipment and materials are considered:
It is possible for the operator to view real-time operational status of the VMS systems and all its components. VMS
 Switches of communication
and signals without control/command connection default to blank display.
 PLC
If the control link between the central site and a sign is broken, the sign automatically displays a blank screen.  Equipment of Control Center
11.2. Standard & codes
Speed Limit Sign
Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the alternatives for the Communication system
The speed control function (SCF) is implemented through the use of SCF signs capable of posting variable speed
and SCADA:
limit in kph.
ID Description
Each of the SCF signs has the ability to assume the following visual properties: 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100
SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization
kph.
NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways
SCF signs for cancellation of the speed limit are provided. The cancellation signs display the cancelled speed limit
NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signalling Code
and only are operational when a speed limit is in effect.
SBC Saudi Building Code
The SCF signs are controllable by the operator based on current traffic conditions.
(IEC) International Electro-Technical Committee codes/standards.
It is possible to completely blank the signs.

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 (STC) Saudi Telecommunication Company In the communications room, two 800x800x2000 mm rack cabinets will be installed. One rack will house the
switches, communications patch panels and CCTV recorders, and the other rack will house the redundant PLC and
(NFPA 110) Local Civil Defense requirements-Standard for Emergency and Standby Power System
signal modules.
(NFPA 101) Life Safety Code
The patch panels shall be of two types: 2 patch panels of 48 RJ-45 ports and one patch panel of 24 optical fibers
(TIA) Telecommunications Industry Association with SC single-mode fiber optic connectors.

(BSI) British Standards Institution The swtiches will be 48 RJ-45 10/100/1000 PoE+ ports with 4 single mode fiber optic SFP ports.
(BSEN 60439-1) Forms of Separation According to Cat6A structured cabling all cabling connection from/to switches shall go through patch panel.
Therefore the total number of RJ-45 10/100/1000 PoE+ switches ports shall match with the total number of RJ-45
(BSEN 60529) Degree of IP Protection
patch panels ports.
(BSEN 7430) Code of Practice for Earthing
The structured cabling of the project will be shielded cable:
(BICSI TDMM) 14th Edition of Telecommunication Distribution Methods Manual
 S/STP category 6A cable of 4 pairs of two wires each one, with individual shielding for each pair, low smoke
(BS7671) 17th Edition of IEE Wiring Regulations zero halogen, communication speed of 1GB. This cable will be used in the tunnel area and in the technical
room area.
Table 50.Standards and codes
This IP communications network connects all field facilities composed of the elements distributed along the tunnel
11.3. Design criteria with the principal station network, which it is intended to interconnect the Emergency local control room operator
station with the equipment of each system and with the elements to manage of the tunnel.
To avoid electromagnetic interferences from power electrical systems all Ethernet cables shall be S/STP Cat6A
The tunnel has some different systems of emergency. These systems are located both inside and outside the tunnel
(F/FTP and UTP shall be not used).
and collect data or alarms. They are also given operating orders.
The local control center is provided with an IP telephone that will be connected to the communication network with
All this is achieved with the SCADA system that interacts with all the security systems.
the RCRC traffic control center.
All indoor and outdoor equipment are connected to the PLC and the communication switches via data cable.
The connections between the switches or nodes that belong to the IP communications network use Gigabit Ethernet
technology. This tunnel only has one communication room, so all the switches and PLC are in this room. There is These cables will be in canalization of 5 tubes of 32 mm on the outside of the tunnel and in hot-dip galvanized steel
no network of communication between equipment of the tunnel with 2 or more communication rooms. All the tray inside the tunnel.
equipment connect directly with the communication room and all the information is checked and controlled in the
SCADA of this Local Control Center. The tunnel systems that communicate with the SCADA system are the following:

According to this report section 8: Fire Detection System the Main fire alarm panel will be connected directly through  Traffic Control System:
S/STP Cat6A UL listed cable to an UL listed fire communication switch. In this way, there will be an UL listed IP This system is made up of traffic lights, barriers and variable message signs: The equipment communicate with
connection line with SCADA system. Also for communications with Civil Defense and RCRC Traffic and according the SCADA system with cable of pairs in canalization of tubes of 32 mm of PE from outside to the portals of the
to specifications document Section 28 46 00 ch. 2.2.b.4, and Fire Alarm Panel cellular line and PSTN fixed line tunnel. In this point, the cables go to the IT/COMS room in trays of 300x100 mm. These cables will be connected
(through DACT) are provided. Therefore the means of Transmission to Remote Supervising Station are cellular line, to the PLC, and the PLC orders the messages of the variable signs, the red-yellow-green lights of the traffic lights
PSTN line through DACT (Digital alarm communicator transmitter) and IP line. (Note: Performance-Based and the close of the tunnel with the barrier. All of these orders are realized by de SCADA system, which control
Technology (one IP connection and another cellular line) instead PSTN (telephone companies no longer install these equipments with the communication of the PLC.
copper lines, leaving PSTN as a relic). Our aim was to use Performance-Based Technology with a path via IP  Fire detection:
(switch connection) and another via cellular mobile line (room for mobile operator inside technical rooms space This system is totally independent of the SCADA system, and its connection is with Fire alarm system.
inside tunnel, i.e. provided coverage cellular), with this DACT and if PSTN copper line is provided) we will have 3 Nevertheless, the alarms of the fire detection system are processed and in case of necessity of close the tunnel,
paths for FAP communications to Civil Defense and RCRC traffic) change the variable message signs or watching the images of the CCTV system, the SCADA operates these
orders. The unit controls of the fire detection tunnel are in the Emergency Local Control room and in the fire pump
From this UL listed fire switch located in the communications room rack, two cores of optical fiber with 16 single-
room, and they connect with the Fire Alarm panel and with the switches of communication to send the information
mode optical fibers are projected. One core of optical fiber will be for connection to the local telecommunications
to the operator of FA of the tunnels.
company and the other core of optical fiber will be for connection to the public line mobile operator room.
 CCTV Monitoring system:
The connection to the outside is made with two canalization and two manholes located on the outside next to the This system is independent of the SCADA system, with the cameras, recorder, server, etc. But the SCADA will
stair core 01. One connection will be to the telecommunications company and the other connection will be for be connected with the CCTV monitoring system to demand the images when an alarm of other system is received.
communication with the Traffic Control Center. The SCADA can show the nearest camera of the point of the equipment that it transmits the alarm. The cameras
are connected with the switches of t the communication rack with S/STP Cat.6A cable when the distance is less
These manholes are connected to the technical rooms with section 2 110 mm pipes with 5 x 32 mm pipes inside of
than 90 meters and with singlemode optical fiber when the distance is more than 90 meters. The outdoor
them for Traffic Control connection according to RCRC Traffic instructions and with section required by STC for
equipments connect in canalization of tubes of 32 mm of PE from outside to the portals of the tunnel. In this point,
local telecommunications company connection up to the installation shaft, which connects to a communication tray
the cables go to the IT/COMS room in trays of 300x100 mm.
that goes down to level -3. This communication tray connects with the communications room and the public line
mobile operators room.  Fire fighting system
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  Environment control system:  Accidents or other incidents on the carriageway
This system is made up of anemometer, outdoor anemometer, opacimeter and CO probe: The equipment  Recurrent or non-recurrent congestion outside of the tunnel.
communicate with the SCADA system with cable of pairs in canalization of tubes of 32 mm of PE from outside to
 Adverse weather or visibility conditions
the portals of the tunnel. In this point, the cables go to the IT/COMS room in trays of 300x100 mm. These cables
will be connected to the PLC, and the PLC receives the data of pollution of the air in the tunnel and the SCADA  Other unusual or unexpected events
stars the environmental ventilation. All of these orders are realized by de SCADA system, which control these The SCADA system is provided with the following Interface (MMI) equipment at the Emergency Local Control Room:
equipments with the communication of the PLC.
 One operator station equipped with the technology required. It is possible to carry out all monitoring and control
 Access control system:
functions by means of one operator station.
This system is connected with the switches of communication with S/STP Cat.6A cable. The door controller
receives the alarms of the card readers, volumetric detector or magnetic contact and it sends through the
 Event log printer to provide a hard copy of all events and commands issued.
communication cable to the switches and from this to the CCTV and access control workstation. These alarms The SCADA System is able to interact with external systems and organizations:
are received in the SCADA too, and the SCADA order to the CCTV system to show the images of the cameras in
the screen to watch the zone of the alarm.  ITS-subsystem and M&E-subsystem

 Storm water tank pumps  ITS / M&E-operator

 Ventilation system  Police and Fire Brigade

The SCADA system through the PLC will be responsible for activating and controlling the tunnel fans in case of  Vehicle Drivers
fire, in emergency mode. These fans will operate according to the ventilation algorithms programmed in the  Emergency Call System
SCADA and executed by the PLC. The PLC will control the starts of the fans, the number of fans running, reverse The system is able to restart automatically after a power failure without the need for specialist operator intervention
rotation of the fans. provided that the system shut down procedure has been performed successfully.
The PLC operating as emergency equipment shall be equipped with fire safety requirements as specified in NFPA
72. It is safeguarded against accidental loss of data.
It shall be a redundant PLC, with two CPUs, one of them in operation and the other in Standby. It shall have a All access systems are controlled with a login and password for every user.
memory backup of 40%
So, in this type of configuration of communication system there is only one type of switch: The central unit shall be based on a redundant server with multiple workstations and multitasking operating systems.

Node or Switch for level 3, with greater capacity and support full routing (including protocols of dynamic routing such The architecture of control is one PLC master (redundant PLCS) in the Local Control Center. All data of the field
as OSPF, EIGRP, ISIS, etc), which it is responsible for interconnect communications ring with the checkpoint of equipment is controlled with this PLC. Architecture details and list of control signals in drawings.
control centre through fiber optic Single mode. CANALIZATION AND TRAY CALCULATION
SCADA SYSTEM The cables of the equipment inside of the tunnel and outside of the tunnel are the following:
The Traffic Control and Monitoring System – SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is able to interact
 4 cable of 4x2x0,91 mm2. Total area: 201 mm2 x 4= 804 mm2
with the entire Tunnel.
 10 cables of 5x6 mm2. Total area: 152 mm2 x 10= 1520 mm2
The Control Monitoring System (CMS) offers the operators the means to control and monitor Open Road and Tunnel
 14 cables of 2x2x0,91 mm2. Total area: 63,61 mm2 x 14= 890,54 mm2
Technology equipment (ITS and M&E systems) from the control rooms and locally (automatically) in the tunnel.
 16 cables of 10x2x0,91 mm2. Total area: 311 mm2 x 16= 4976 mm2
The SCADA helps the operators to control and monitor all technology on the highway including the tunnel technology  11 cables of 4 single mode optical fiber. Total area: 63,61 mm2 x 11= 699,71 mm2
by showing the status of equipment, giving the possibility to control them and also by proposing automatic functions.
 2 cables of 16 single mode optical fiber. Total area: 63,61 mm2 x 2= 127,22 mm2
The overall TCS system is provided with video monitors which makes possible to carry out all the monitoring and  5 cables of S/STP Cat.6A. Total area: 43 mm2 x 5= 215 mm2
control functions required for safe traffic conditions on operated motorway route in case of a total failure of the
SCADA system.  2 cables of 2x1,5mm2. Total area: 36,31 mm2 x 2= 72,62 mm2
 2 cables of 3x2x0,91 mm2. Total area: 165 mm2 x 2 = 330 mm2
These video monitors are located in the Communication Room in the technical rooms in the center of the tunnel
All the area of the cables is 9635,09 mm2. The cables are in both tubes of the tunnel.
approximately so that the monitoring and control function can be carried out in a safe and ergonomically acceptable
manner.

The Emergency local control room is located in the Communication Room. This equipment is only to work in case The area of the tray is 300x100 mm = 30000 mm2
of emergency or not communication with the Traffic Control Center assigned to this tunnel. The ANSI/TIA 569-D standard indicates the next:
Tunnel monitoring is accomplished using a variety of sources, including the use of traffic monitoring outstations
(Over-height Vehicle Detection), (CCTV cameras).

Monitoring is used to support the identification of a range of situations that potentially reduce safety, so action may
need to be taken when:
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 The intruder detection system provides an alarm when persons attempt to entry the site without permission.

There will be volumetric detector into the technical rooms for alarms of intruders. Volumetric detector dual
technology sensors for this solution must be equipped with the technology capable of distinguishing between people
from false alarms caused by weather, birds, animals....

11.5. PLC
Then, the occupied area of the Tray is 30000/4= 7500 mm2. In the tunnel there will be two trays of 300x100 mm, The subsystems that the remote station controls are:
one in each tube of the tunnel. The size of the trays is enough to the cables of the project.
 Lighting Control: Maintain adequate lighting conditions for optimal visibility both inside and outside the tunnel.
As for the canalization, there will be 3 pipes (2 in use and 1 in spare) of 110 mm of diameter with 5 pipes of 32 mm
(28 mm inner) of diameter in each pipe of 110 mm. This canalization is outdoor zone of the portals. The area of the  Ventilation Control: Maintain visibility conditions and contamination levels inside tunnels within acceptable
limits, as well as smoke evacuation in case of fire by using Fans, CO analyzers,
total pipes is 2 x 5 x 28 x28 x 3,14159/4 mm2= 6157,5 mm2. The maximum cross-sectional area used is 40%
(According TIA-569D). Then the area used for the cables is 6157,5 x 0.4 = 2463 mm2The cables of the equipment  Energy Control: To supply network energy to the needs of the system, as well as the equipment for the
outside of the tunnel are the following: maintenance and control of the supply in case of network failure, using network analyzers.
 Fire Detection and Extinction: Continuous detection system using tunnel sensors and technical rooms.
 4 cable of 4x2x0,91 mm2. Total area: 201 mm2 x 4= 804 mm2
Extinguishing systems activation control.
 10 cables of 5x6 mm2. Total area: 152 mm2 x 10= 1520 mm2
 Control of access to the tunnel: Control of vehicle barriers.
 14 cables of 2x2x0,91 mm2. Total area: 63,61 mm2 x 14= 890,54 mm2
 Access and Presence Control: Controls the access areas inside the tunnels and tunnel technical building,
 8 cables of 4 single mode optical fiber. Total area: 63,61 mm2 x 8= 508,88 mm2 furthermore electrical and communication rooms inside technical building, as well as allowing authorized
 2 cables of 16 single mode optical fiber. Total area: 63,61 mm2 x 2= 127,22 mm2 personnel access to these areas.
All the area of the cables is 3850,64 mm2. The cables are in both tubes of the tunnel. In each side of the tunnel  Traffic Equipment Control (ETD, Regulators): Obtain traffic data, and regulate it if necessary.
there will be the half of the total cables, so the area of each side will be 3850,64/2= 1925,32 mm2. The size of the  Ventilation emergency mode: Control the fans of the tunnel in case of fire. These fans will operate according
canalization (2463 mm2) is enough to the cables of the project. to the ventilation algorithms programmed in the SCADA and executed by the PLC

One pipe more is provided as spare pipe for possible problems with duct obstruction or broken and upgrade of The PLC has two modules:
cables in a future.
 Control module
 Input and Output Module
The minimum technical characteristics required for each individual Field PLC are:
11.4. Access Control of Technical room
 It shall be a redundant PLC, with two CPUs, one of them in operation and the other in Standby. It shall have
The Access control system is a computer based system, located into CCTV Video Management Server and CCTV a memory backup of 40%.
& Access Control Workstation, for the detection of entrances to the technical rooms and unauthorized person
entrances to important equipment rooms. Critical areas include Technical Equipment Rooms.
 The PLC must be modular and scalable with insertable components on a passive backplane.
 The chosen PLC must have redundant functional modules (in particular, power supply), with the following
The Access Control and Intruder detection system must full fill the following security aspects for the technical rooms: capacities: In case of failure of one of the power supply modules, the PLC must be prepared to switch to the
other supply without the state of the outputs being affected, at time 0.
 Badge (Card) access control to access doors of technical rooms (electrical/mechanical/control) will be
entrance and out control.  All memory must be shared between both CPU’s in each cycle.
 Each tunnel maintenance person or tunnel worker shall be identified by means of individual card and no  The PLC must be able to connect to the Ethernet network through an RJ45 connector.
transferable. This card will be provided by the competent authority for control and maintenance of the tunnel  The PLC must be able to support at least 60 modbus TCP / IP connections acting as a client for the control of
and shall give workers access to all technical rooms in the tunnel. the distributed control units.
 The restricted access control access will be developed by means of card reader with identity, date and time  The PLC must be able to support mobdus TCP / IP communication to the upper level, acting as a server, for
registration enabling the access to the permitted people and denying it to non-authorized people. Alarm is communication with the Centralized Management System and the Coordinating PLCs.
activated when tampering or access attempt.
 The PLC must have at least 4MB of memory for the program.
Each CPU controller is associated to one (only entrance control) badge readers. The CPU and the badge reader
are the same equipment. The CPU is inside of the housing of the badge readers. These badge readers can be dual
 The PLC must have at least 4MB of memory for data.
card. These CPU controllers act on all door elements (magnetic contact, electric locks, electromagnetic holders,  The PLC must have a real time clock.
etc.) and are connected to the LAN system, directly to an outlet of RJ45 throughout S/STP Cat6A cable for distance  The PLC must be able to synchronize its time with the Centralized Management System.
under 100m to corresponding switch of the rack of voice and data.
 The PLC must be programmed based on the IEC61131-3 standard.
For technical rooms will project an access control system composed for badge reader out to the room, magnetic  The application must be able to be modified while the system is running.
contact, electric lock and door release push button.
 The PLC must allow backup of program and data in removable SD memory.

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12. SIGNALING
12.1. Scope
Following systems, equipment and materials are considered:

 Photoluminescent sign
12.2. Standard & codes
Following standards have been taken into account in order to define the alternatives for the Fire exit signling:

ID Description
NFPA, 72—99 National Fire Alarm Code, National Fire Protection Association,

Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269

NFPA, 101—00 Life Safety Code, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch

Park, Quincy, MA 02269

NFPA 502 Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways

SBC 801 Fire Protection Saudi Building Code

Table 51.Standards and codes

12.3. Design criteria

The Saudi Building Code indicates that the distance between the fire exit signals does not exceed 30 m. NFPA 502
and 101 indicates that the distance between the fire exit signals does not exceed 25 m.

The project has been designed with a distance between two fire exit signals of 25 m.

The fire exit signals have two languages information. English and Arabian language.

Photoluminescent signs will be provided to indicate the location of the manual alarm buttons, the nearest emergency
exit and evacuation along the tunnel.

The signals will be located in the gable of the tunnel with a height of 1,70-1,90 m. and always there will be illuminated
by a luminaire.

The exits will be marked with internationally intelligible symbols and the distance and preferred directions will be
overprinted.

Also, photoluminescent signs will be located to indicate the location of the fire department and hose connections,
extinguishers and alarm buttons.

The signs must be constructed of a material that resists shocks, inclement weather and environmental aggressions.

In technical rooms, photoluminescent signs will be located to indicate the location of the extinguishers, alarm buttons
and sirens. Exits signs information can be found in F&LS report of technical rooms (SB-DCC-DC3-B08-KABI-RPT-
CIV-ARC-8200001) and drawings SB-DCC-DC3-B08-KABI-DRW-CIV-ARC-8200002 & SB-DCC-DC3-B08-KABI-
DRW-CIV-ARC-8200003.

The pictograms of the signs will be as simple as possible, avoiding complicated details for their understanding.

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