Steps in the Research Process
(Competency Code: SSP_RS8-RPS-Ic-6)
Research is a systematic way of finding answers to questions or solving problems.
The research process involves several key steps that help ensure the study is well-
organized and scientifically valid. Below are the main steps in the research process:
1. Identification of the Problem
This is the first step, where the researcher identifies a specific problem or topic of
interest that needs to be studied. It involves understanding what needs to be
explored or addressed.
2. Formulation of Hypotheses
After identifying the problem, the researcher formulates possible explanations or
predictions, known as hypotheses. These are statements that can be tested through
research.
3. Review of Related Literature
Before conducting the research, the researcher reviews existing studies and
literature on the topic. This helps to build on previous research, avoid duplication,
and refine the research question or hypothesis.
4. Planning of the Research Design and Procedure
The researcher plans how to conduct the study, including selecting the methods for
data collection, identifying the sample, and determining the tools and procedures to
be used.
5. Experimentation
This step involves conducting the experiment or study per the planned research
design. It includes collecting data through surveys, observations, or experiments.
6. Data Gathering, Organization, Processing, Analysis, and Interpretation
Once data is collected, it needs to be organized and processed. The researcher
analyzes the data to identify patterns or relationships and interprets the findings
about the research question or hypothesis.
7. Formulation of Conclusion
Based on the data analysis and interpretation, the researcher concludes. These
conclusions address the research problem and hypotheses and provide
recommendations or implications for further study.
References
Babbie, E. (2016). The Practice of Social Research (14th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage
Publications.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th ed.). Pearson.
Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches (3rd ed.). Sage
Publications.
