SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS: JSS 2
DATE:
TERM: 1st TERM
WEEK NINE
TOPIC: ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS (ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION)
- Equivalent Fractions
- Addition and Subtraction of algebraic fraction
- Fractions with brackets
Equivalent Fraction
Equivalent fractions can be made by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator of a
fraction by the same quantity.
For Example:
Multiplication
3 = 3 x 2b - 6b
d d x 2b 2bd
Division.
4x = 4x ÷ 2 = 2x
6y ÷ 2 3y
Complete the boxes in the following :
(a) 3a = (b) 5ab =
2 10 12a 12
Solution>
3a =
1. 10.
Compare the two denomination
2 x 5 = 10
The denominator of the first has been multiplied by 5. The numerator must also be multiplied by 5.
3a x 3a x 5 = 15a
2 2x5 a0
(b) 5ab =
12a 12
The denominator of the first has been divided by a. Therefore, divide the numerator by a .
5ab = 5ab ÷ a = 5b
12a 12a ÷a 12.
Evaluation
1. 8b =
5 15
2. 9ah = 3h
6ak
3.
= 3x
8yz sy.
Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions
Algebraic fraction must have common denominator before they can be added or subtracted
Example:
1. + 7 (b) 4 +b ( c) 1 + 1 (d) 5 - 4
2a 2a a u v 4c 3d
Solution
(a) 5 + 7 = 5+7 = 12÷2 = 6
2a 2a 2a 2a ÷2 a
(b) 4 + b = 4 + b
a a 1
The L.C. M of a and 1 is a
4 + b = a x b = 4 + ab
a 1 a a a
= 4 + ab
(c) 1 + 1
u v
The L. C. M of u and v uuv
1 + 1 = 1xv+1xu 1xv +1xu
u v uv uv uv.
= v +v =u+v
uv uv uv.
(d) 5 - 4
4c 3d.
The L. C. M. of 4c and 3d is 12cd
5 - 4 = 5 x 3d - 4 x 4c
4c 3d 12cd 12cd
= 15d - 16c
12cd 12cd
= 15d - 16c
12cd.
Evaluation
Simplify the following :
(a) 4 - 1 (b) 5 - 2 ( c ) 2b + 3
3a 3a 4a 3b 4.
Fraction with brackets
Examples
Simplify.
(a) x + 3 + 4x – 2
5 5
(b) 7a – 3 - 3a + 5
6 4.
Solution
(a) x + 3 + 4x – 2 = ( x + 3 ) + ( 4x – 2 )
5 5 5
= x + 3 + 4x – 2
= 5x + 1
(b) 7a – 3 - 3a + 5
6 4
The L. C. M of 6 and 4 is 12
7a -3 - 3a + 5 = 2 (7a – 3) - 3 ( 3a + 5 )
6 4 2x6 3x4
removing = 2 (7a – 3) - 3 ( 3a + 5)
1. 12.
= 14 a – 6 - 9a – 15
12.
collecting the like terms = 5a – 21
12
EVALUATION
Simplify the following
(a) 2a – 3 + a + 4
2 2
( b) 3x – 2d + 2c – 3d
1. 15
( c ) 2a + 3b + a – 4b
a 6.
READING ASSIGNMENT
New General Mathematics pg 100-101 Ex. 11g 1 & 2 pg 101.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. If 3 = ? find ? ( a ) 0 (b) 1 (c)C
12a 4
2. Simplify 1 - 1 ( a) x + y (b) y – x ( c) x – y (d) y+x
x y xy xy xy xy
3. if 2c = 6C2 find ? (a) 3c (b) 3ac ( c ) 3a (d) 2c
a ?
4. Simplify 4x + 8x (a) 32x ( b) 4x ( c ) 12x (d) 4x
a a a 3 18 a
57 +9 (a)y (b) 8y (c)y (d ) 2
8y 8y 2 3 8 y.
THEORY
1. Simplify 5 - 2
4a 3b.
2. Simplify 2a + 3b + 9 – 4b
7 6.
