Patient: Ima Test Accession:
Collected: Received:
DOB: Completed:
Ordered by: Diagnostic Solutions Lab
5894 Shiloh Rd, Ste 101 | Alpharetta GA 30005 spacer
877.485.5336
DNA STOOL ANALYSIS BY QUANTITATIVE PCR
YOUR PERSONALIZED REPORT
PATHOGENS
The testing includes pathogens (bacterial, parasitic and viral) commonly known to cause gastroenteritis. Note that not
all individuals with positive findings will present with symptoms. Many factors, including the health of the individual
(such as immune health, digestive function, and microbiome balance), the transient nature of most pathogens, and the
presence and expression of virulence factors, all contribute to pathogen virulence and individual symptoms.
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS Result Reference
Campylobacter <dl < 1.00e3
C. difficile Toxin A <dl < 1.00e3
C. difficile Toxin B <dl < 1.00e3
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli <dl < 1.00e3
E. coli O157 <dl < 1.00e3
Enteroinvasive E. coli/Shigella <dl < 1.00e3
Enterotoxigenic E. coli LT/ST <dl < 1.00e3
Shiga-like Toxin E. coli stx1 <dl < 1.00e3
Shiga-like Toxin E. coli stx2 <dl < 1.00e3
Salmonella <dl < 1.00e4
Vibrio cholerae <dl < 1.00e5
Yersinia enterocolitica <dl < 1.00e5
PARASITIC PATHOGENS
Cryptosporidium <dl < 1.00e6
Entamoeba histolytica <dl < 1.00e4
Giardia <dl < 5.00e3
VIRAL PATHOGENS
Adenovirus 40/41 <dl < 1.00e10
Norovirus GI/II <dl < 1.00e7
KEY: Results are reported as genome equivalents per gram of stool, which is a standard method for estimating the number of
microbes measured per gram of stool, based on qPCR analysis of DNA samples.
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Results are expressed in standard scientific notation. For example, a reported result of 3.5e7 is equivalent to 3.5 x 10
microbes per gram, which equals 35,000,000 (35 million) microbes per gram of stool.
< dl represents results below detectable limit.
The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics
determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
H. PYLORI & VIRULENCE FACTORS Result Reference
Helicobacter pylori 2.22e2 < 1.00e3
Virulence Factor, babA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, cagA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, dupA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, iceA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, oipA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, vacA N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, virB N/A Negative
Virulence Factor, virD N/A Negative
COMMENSAL/KEYSTONE BACTERIA
COMMENSAL BACTERIA Result Reference
Bacteroides fragilis 3.21e11
3.21e11
H 1.6e91.6e9
- 2.5e11org/g
- 2.5e11
Bifidobacterium spp. 5.26e7
5.26e7
L > 6.7e7org/g
> 6.7e7
Enterococcus spp. 4.06e7 1.9e51.9e5
- 2.0e8org/g
- 2.0e8
Escherichia spp. 1.51e10
1.51e10
H 3.7e63.7e6
- 3.8e9org/g
- 3.8e9
Lactobacillus spp. 9.12e2
9.12e2
L 8.6e58.6e5
- 6.2e8org/g
- 6.2e8
Enterobacter spp. 2.62e7 1.0e6 - 5.0e7
Akkermansia muciniphila <1.00e2
<dl L 1.0e11.0e1
- 8.2e6org/g
- 8.2e6
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 1.62e5 1.0e31.0e3
- 5.0e8org/g
- 5.0e8
Roseburia spp. 1.56e8 5.0e75.0e7
- 2.0e10org/g
- 2.0e10
BACTERIAL PHYLA
Bacteroidetes 7.12e12
7.12e12
H 8.6e11 - 3.3e12
Firmicutes 2.11e10
2.11e10
L 5.7e10 - 3.0e11
Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes Ratio 0.00 < 1.0
The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics
determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:
OPPORTUNISTIC/OVERGROWTH MICROBES
DYSBIOTIC & OVERGROWTH BACTERIA Result Reference
Bacillus spp. 1.46e5 < 1.76e6
Enterococcus faecalis 2.98e3 < 1.00e4
Enterococcus faecium 1.23e2 < 1.00e4
Morganella spp. <dl < 1.00e3
Pseudomonas spp. 2.06e8 High ↑ < 1.00e4
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5.46e5 High ↑ < 5.00e2
Staphylococcus spp. 1.11e4 High ↑ < 1.00e4
Staphylococcus aureus 9.93e1 < 5.00e2
Streptococcus spp. 3.95e2 < 1.00e3
COMMENSAL OVERGROWTH MICROBES
Desulfovibrio spp. 1.76e7 < 7.98e8
Methanobacteriaceae (family) 1.02e8 < 3.38e8
INFLAMMATORY & AUTOIMMUNE-RELATED BACTERIA
Citrobacter spp. 8.05e6 High ↑ < 5.00e6
Citrobacter freundii 4.50e4 < 5.00e5
Klebsiella spp. 7.18e4 High ↑ < 5.00e3
Klebsiella pneumoniae 1.19e3 < 5.00e4
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis <dl < 5.00e3
Proteus spp. 6.01e5 High ↑ < 5.00e4
Proteus mirabilis 6.97e2 < 1.00e3
COMMENSAL INFLAMMATORY & AUTOIMMUNE-RELATED BACTERIA
Enterobacter spp. 2.62e7 < 5.00e7
Escherichia spp. 1.51e10 High ↑ < 3.80e9
Fusobacterium spp. 3.25e6 < 1.00e8
Prevotella spp. 1.70e7 < 1.00e8
FUNGI/YEAST
FUNGI/YEAST Result Reference
Candida spp. <dl < 5.00e3
Candida albicans <dl < 5.00e2
Geotrichum spp. <dl < 3.00e2
Microsporidium spp. <dl < 5.00e3
Rhodotorula spp. <dl < 1.00e3
VIRUSES
VIRUSES Result Reference
Cytomegalovirus <dl < 1.00e5
Epstein-Barr Virus <dl < 1.00e7
The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics
determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:
PARASITES
PROTOZOA Result Reference
Blastocystis hominis <dl < 2.00e3
Chilomastix mesnili <dl < 1.00e5
Cyclospora spp. <dl < 5.00e4
Dientamoeba fragilis <dl < 1.00e5
Endolimax nana <dl < 1.00e4
Entamoeba coli <dl < 5.00e6
Pentatrichomonas hominis <dl < 1.00e2
WORMS
Ancylostoma duodenale Not Detected Not Detected
Ascaris lumbricoides Not Detected Not Detected
Necator americanus Not Detected Not Detected
Trichuris trichiura Not Detected Not Detected
Taenia spp. Not Detected Not Detected
INTESTINAL HEALTH MARKERS
DIGESTION Result Reference
Steatocrit
Steatocrit <dl << 15
15 %
%
Elastase-1
Elastase-1 >750 >> 200
200 ug/g
ug/g
GI MARKERS
β-Glucuronidase
β-Glucuronidase 1198 << 2486
2486 U/mL
U/mL
Occult
Occult Blood
Blood -- FIT
FIT <dl << 10
10 ug/g
ug/g
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Secretory IgA 1435 510
510 -- 2010
2010 ug/g
ug/g
Anti-gliadin IgA 108 << 175
175 U/L
U/L
Eosinophil Activation Protein
(EDN,
(EDN, EPX)
EPX) 1.10 << 2.34
2.34 ug/g
ug/g
INFLAMMATION
Calprotectin
Calprotectin 21 << 173
173 ug/g
ug/g
ADD-ON TESTS
Stool
Stool Gluten
Gluten Peptide
Peptide 372.0 << 5.0
5.0 ng/g
ng/g
Zonulin 125.0 << 175
175 ng/g
ng/g
The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics
determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:
H. PYLORI ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES
Result Reference Result Reference
Amoxicillin N/A Negative Clarithromycin N/A Negative
Genes associated with amoxicillin resistance Genes associated with clarithromycin resistance
PBP1A S414R N/A A2142C N/A
PBP1A T556S N/A A2142G N/A
PBP1A N562Y N/A A2143G N/A
Result Reference Result Reference
Fluoroquinolones N/A Negative Tetracycline N/A Negative
Genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance Genes associated with tetracycline resistance
gyrA N87K N/A A926G N/A
gyrA D91N N/A AGA926-928TTC N/A
gyrA D91G N/A
gyrB S479N N/A
gyrB R484K N/A
The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics
determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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Patient: Ima Test Accession:
UNIVERSAL ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES
Result Reference Result Reference Result Reference
b-Lactams Negative Negative Macrolides Negative Negative Trimethoprim Negative Negative
blaNDM-1 Absent acrA Absent dfrA1 Absent
CTX-M 1 Absent acrB Absent dfrA12 Absent
CTX-M 2 Absent emrE Absent dfrA14 Absent
CTX-M 8/25 Absent ermA Absent dfrA15 Absent
CTX-M 9 Absent ermB Absent dfrA17 Absent
GES Absent ermC Absent dfrA5 Absent
OXA-1 Absent macA Absent dfrA7 Absent
PER-1 Absent macB Absent dfrB1 Absent
PER-2 Absent mefA Absent dfrB2 Absent
SHV Absent mphA Absent dfrB3 Absent
TEM Absent msrA Absent
VEB Absent tolc Absent
Fluoroquinolones Positive Negative Ciprofloxacin Negative Negative Sulfonamides Positive Negative
qnrA Present emea Absent sul1 Present
qnrB Absent pmra Absent sul2 Present
qnrS1 Absent sul3 Present
Vancomycin Negative Negative Nitroimidazoles Negative Negative Methacillin Negative Negative
vanA Absent nimA Absent mecA Absent
vanA2 Absent nimB Absent Chloramphenicol Negative Negative
vanB Absent nimC Absent
cata13 Absent
vanC1 Absent nimD Absent
vanC2-1 Absent nimE Absent
vanC2-2 Absent
Detection of resistance-associated genes may not confer phenotypic drug resistance. Detected genes cannot be associated with specific microbes.
The assays were developed and/or the performance characteristics
determined by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory.
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