Experiment No.

1
Title : Introduction to hardware & software component of computer

Aim : To get the knowledge of various components of computer.

Objective : To understand the basic of computer and to study different

hardware & software components.

Theory :

Materials Needed :
⦁ A desktop or laptop computer
⦁ Internet connection
⦁ Projector or screen for displaying the computer screen
⦁ Microsoft PowerPoint or similar software for creating a presentation
⦁ Handouts or worksheets for students to take notes
Procedure:

▪ Begin by introducing the class to the computer and explain that it is a

machine made up of both hardware and software components.
▪ Start with hardware components. Use a PowerPoint presentation to display
the internal and external components of a computer. Show each
component one-by-one, and explain its function in the computer. Some of
the hardware components you might include are:

▪ Central Processing Unit (CPU)

▪ Random Access Memory (RAM)
▪ Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD)
▪ Motherboard
▪ Power Supply Unit (PSU)
▪ Input Devices (Keyboard and Mouse)
▪ Output Devices (Monitor and Printer)
▪ Provide diagrams and images of each hardware component to better
illustrate the function of each. For example, show a diagram of the
motherboard and explain the different ports, slots, and connectors. You can
also show the different types of RAM and how they fit into the
motherboard.
▪ Next, move on to software components. Explain that software is the set of
instructions that tells the computer what to do. Show the different types of
software such as:

▪ Operating System (OS)

▪ Application Software (such as Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite)
▪ Utility Software (such as Antivirus, Disk Cleanup)
▪ System Software (such as Device Drivers)
▪ Provide diagrams of each software component to illustrate how they
interact with each other. For example, show a diagram of the operating
system and explain how it interacts with the hardware components to
 execute tasks. Show how application software runs on top of the operating
system.
▪ Demonstrate how hardware and software work together. Open an
application and explain how the hardware components work together to
execute the software instructions. Show the students how the software
controls the hardware, and how the hardware interacts with the software.
▪ After the presentation, hand out worksheets or notes pages for students to
take notes on the different components of a computer. Encourage them to
ask questions and clarify any confusion.
▪ Finally, conclude the experiment by allowing students to explore the
computer themselves. as creating a document or searching for information
on the internet, and allow them to use the computer to complete it.
Conclusion:
This experiment is a great way to introduce students to the different components
of a computer, and how they work together to execute tasks. Using diagrams and
images can help students better understand each component's role in the
computer's functioning. It can help students develop a basic understanding of
computer hardware and software, which is essential in today's digital world.

Experiment No. 2
Title : To create an e-mail id on Goggle & learn e-mailing features.

Aim : To create the e-mail id & to learn how to use the various features
of e-mailing.
Objective : To create individual e-mail Id and to use different features of
mailing.

Theory :
Materials Needed:
▪ Computer or smartphone with internet access
▪ Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, etc.)
▪ Google account

Procedure :

▪ Open your web browser and go to ⦁ www.gmail.com.

▪ Click on "Create account" to create a new Google account.
▪ Fill in your personal information, including your name, birthdate, and
gender.
▪ Choose a username and password for your new Gmail account.
▪ Set up your account recovery options, including your phone number and
email address.
▪ Review and agree to the terms of service and privacy policy, then click
"Create Account."
▪ Once you have created your Google account, you will be taken to your
Gmail inbox.
▪ Familiarize yourself with the Gmail interface, including the toolbar, labels,
and search bar.
▪ Click on the "Compose" button to start writing a new email.
▪ Address the email by entering the recipient's email address in the "To"
field.
▪ Write the subject of the email in the "Subject" field and compose the body
of the email in the text box below.
▪ Use the formatting options to add emphasis, bullet points, or images to
your email.
▪ Click "Send" to send the email to the recipient.
▪ Receive emails by clicking on the "Inbox" label on the left side of the
screen.
▪ Open an email by clicking on the subject line.
▪ Reply to an email by clicking on the "Reply" button and composing your
response.
▪ Forward an email by clicking on the "Forward" button and entering the
recipient's email address.
▪ Organize your emails by creating labels and filters to automatically sort
incoming emails.
▪ Explore other Gmail features, such as the calendar, tasks, and chat.
Steps for creating an e-mail account -

1. Go to the Google Account sign in page.

2. Click Create account.
3. Enter your name.
4. In the "Username" field, enter a username.
5. Enter and confirm your password.
➢ Tip: When you enter your password on mobile, the first letter isn't
case sensitive.
6. Click Next.
 ➢ Optional: Add and verify a phone number for your account.

Conclusion:
Congratulations! You have successfully created a Gmail account and learned
about emailing features. You can now use your new email address to
communicate with friends, family, and colleagues. Keep practicing and exploring
the different features of Gmail to become an email pro!

Experiment No. 3
Title : Use the features of Drive (DOCS, Sheets, and Slides).

Aim : To learn and use various features of Google Drive

Objective : To learn how to use Google Drive and to learn various

features of google drive.

Theory :

Material Needed :

⦁ A computer with internet access

⦁ A Google Drive account
⦁ A project plan or task list
Method :
⦁ Set up a new project folder in Drive.
⦁ Create a new Google Doc within the project folder and title it "Project
Plan". Use this document to outline the project scope, goals, timeline, and tasks.
⦁ Share the "Project Plan" document with the project team and grant them
editing access.
⦁ Create a new Google Sheet within the project folder and title it "Task List".
Use this sheet to list all the tasks required to complete the project, assign due
dates, and assign responsibilities to team members.
⦁ Share the "Task List" sheet with the project team and grant them editing
access.
⦁ Create a new Google Slides presentation within the project folder and title
it "Project Status". Use this presentation to track the progress of the project and
provide regular updates to stakeholders.
⦁ Share the "Project Status" presentation with the project team and
stakeholders and grant them viewing access.
⦁ Use the commenting feature in Drive to communicate with the team
members about the project plan, task list, and project status.
⦁ Use the version history feature in Drive to track changes made to the
project plan and task list.
⦁ Monitor the progress of the project using the "Task List" sheet and update
the "Project Status" presentation regularly.

Conclusion :

Google Drive can be used to Create and share our work online and access
our documents from anywhere. Manage documents, spreadsheets,
presentations, surveys, and more.

Experiment No. 4
Title : Install the Printer (Local and in Network).

Aim : To install and add the Printer locally and add a Network printer.

Objective : To learn how to add a printer locally and to learn how to add
it for a network.
Theory :

Material Needed :
• A Computer having (windows/linux/macOS)
• Printer
• Network Connection

Method :

1. Installing Printer Locally :

When you connect a printer or scanner to your PC or add a new printer or all-in-one
device to your home network, you can usually start printing right away. Windows 11
supports most printers, so you probably won't have to install special printer software.

• On the taskbar, select the Search icon, type Printers in the search
bar, and then select Printers & scanners from the search results to
open the Printers & scanners system setting.
• Next to Add a printer or scanner, select Add device.
• Wait for it to find nearby printers, then choose the one you want to
use, and select Add device. If you want to remove the printer later,
select it, and then select Remove.
• If your printer isn't in the list, next to the printer that I want isn't
listed, select Add manually, and then follow the instructions to add it
manually using one of the options.
• If you’re not able to connect the printer manually, try to fix the
problem by using the steps in Fix printer connection and printing
problems in Windows.
 2. Installing a printer in a Network :

You can share your printer with many PCs on your network. To share a
printer from the PC that the printer is connected to (the primary PC) with
secondary PCs that the printer is not connected to, you must set up sharing
settings for the printer, connect the printer to the primary PC (either
wirelessly or by using a USB cable), and then turn on the printer. Also make
sure the primary PC is turned on, connected to the printer, and connected
to the network.

• Select the Start button, then select Settings > Devices > Printers &
scanners.
• Choose the printer you want to share, then select Manage
• Select Printer Properties, then choose the Sharing tab.
• On the Sharing tab, select Share this printer.
• If you want, edit the share name of the printer. You'll use this name to
connect to the printer from a secondary PC.
Conclusion :

The convenience of wireless printers has made them increasingly popular in

recent years. Without the need to physically connect a printer to your computer,
wireless printers make it easy to print from laptops, tablets, and even
smartphones. Wireless printers can also be a little more difficult to set up than
traditional USB printers, so we recommend carefully working through the
instructions that came with your printer.

Experiment No. 5
Title : Create a Bootable Pen drive /CD for formatting the system.

Objective : To learn how to create a bootable pen drive /CD so that we

can boot the system.

Theory :

Material Needed :
• A Computer having (windows/linux/macOS)
• Pen Drive or CD

A bootable USB is a disc that is used to start a system so that an operating system
can be installed. Only systems running Windows(7/8/8.1/10) can make a USB
bootable using a command-line. Without using third-party software, Linux
distributions cannot be used to generate a bootable USB device. Making a USB
bootable won't work with earlier versions of Windows, i.e., Windows versions
prior to Windows 7.
Procedure :

Steps to Create a Bootable USB :

• Run command-prompt in Administrator mode.

• Connect the USB device to the computer that is to be made bootable.

• Type the command ‘diskpart’ and then press Enter.
• Type the command ‘list disk’ to display a list of all the available storage
devices on your system. Press Enter to continue.

• Select the disk that is your pen drive. Generally, it is marked as Disk 1, it
might vary system to system. Make sure not to select any other available
 disk as it will get formatted. To choose the disk, type the command ‘select
disk 1’ and press Enter.

• To make a pendrive bootable, there is a need to format it to clean the

existing data. This can be done using ‘clean’ command.

• Type the command ‘create partition primary’ and press Enter. This will
make the disk primary and ready to be made bootable.
• To choose the partition created as primary, type the command ‘select
partition 1’ and press Enter.
• Before making the disk bootable, there is a need to format it as NTFS
because Windows uses NTFS file system for storage. This can be done with
the use of command ‘format=fs NTFS’ and press Enter.

• Type the command ‘active’ and press Enter. This will mark the primary
bootable partition as Active.
• Type the command ‘exit’ to exit DISKPART and press Enter.
Conclusion :

Once the Bootable pen drive is ready you copy all the data from the
OS(Windows/Linux/etc.) installation disk to your pen drive that is just
been made bootable.

Now, this Pen drive can be used to install the desired Operating System
on any computer.

Experiment No. 6
Title : Write a C program to print first 20 Fibonacci numbers.

Objective : To learn how to write C program for printing Fibonacci

numbers.

Theory :

Material Needed :
• A Computer having (windows/Linux/macOS)
• An IDE for writing C programs

Procedure :

• Use two variables f1 and f2 and initialize with 0 and 1 respectively because
the 1st and 2nd elements of the Fibonacci series are 0 and 1 respectively.
• Iterate from 1 to n-1 and print f2 then store f2 in temp variable and update
f2 with f2 + f1 and f1 as f2.
Conclusion :
The above algorithm has
1. Time Complexity: O(n)
2. Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Experiment No. 7
Title : Write a C program to accept the length of three sides of a triangle
and calculate the area of triangle.

Objective : To learn how to write C program that prints area of triangle

when three sides are given as input.

Theory :

Material Needed :
• A Computer having (windows/Linux/macOS)
• An IDE for writing C programs

Procedure :

The area of a triangle can simply be evaluated using following formula.

Conclusion :

The above algorithm has

1. Time Complexity: O(log2n)
2. Auxiliary Space: O (1), since no extra space has been taken.

Experiment No. 8
Title : Write a C program to store N numbers in array and search
number.

Objective : To learn how to write C program that prints yes or no

depending on whether the number we are searching for is present in
the array or not .

Theory :

Material Needed :
• A Computer having (windows/linux/macOS)
 • An IDE for writing C programs

Procedure :

Searching is one of the most common operations performed in an array.

Array searching can be defined as the operation of finding a particular
element or a group of elements in the array. There are several searching
algorithms and the most common is the Linear Search.

Linear Search:

Linear Search is defined as a sequential search algorithm that starts at one

end and goes through each element of a list until the desired element or
group of elements is found. Otherwise, the search continues till the end of
the data set. This has a time complexity of O(N) where ‘N’ is the length of
the array.

Steps:

• First, read the search element (Target element) in the array.

• Set an integer i = 0 and repeat steps 3 to 4 till i reaches the end of
the array.
• Match the key with arr[i].
• If the key matches, return the index. Otherwise, increment i by 1.
Conclusion :
The above algorithm has:
1. Time complexity: O(N)
2. Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Experiment No. 9
Title : Write a C program to check whether the given string is
palindrome or not.

Objective : To learn how to write C program that determines whether

the given string is palindrome or not.

Theory :

Material Needed :
• A Computer having (windows/Linux/macOS)
 • An IDE for writing C programs

Procedure :

• Initialize 2 variables, l from the start and h from the end.

• now while (h>l), we will check its equivalent character in the string.
• if it’s not equal then it’s not a palindrome
• else it will traverse half character and the string is a palindrome.
Conclusion:

The above algorithm has

1. Time complexity: O(n)
2. Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Experiment No. 10
Title : Write a C program with function to swap value of two elements.

Objective : To learn how to write C program that interchanges the

values of two variable.

Theory :

Material Needed :
• A Computer having (windows/linux/macOS)
• An IDE for writing C programs
Procedure :

Since we want the local variables of main to modified by swap function, we must
them using pointers in C.

• Assign x’s address to a temp variable : temp = *xp

• Assign y’s address to x’s address : *xp = *yp
• Assign temp to address of y : *yp = temp
Conclusion :

The above algorithm has

1. Time Complexity: O(1)
2. Auxiliary Space: O(1)