INTRODUCTION
A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify
all the alternating current components in an alternating
supply and make it purely a direct current. The two
alternating halves of an alternation current are rectified
in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over a half
wave rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot
withstand very high voltage or alternating current due
to its intense high power. The use of batteries in all
devices is not practical as their replacement and
durability is a huge problem as the device has to be
dismantled each time for such a replacement. So, these
rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices like
TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
1. Connecting wires
2. A plug
3. Single lead wire – 2m
4. 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
5. Circuit board
6. A Transformer
7. A capacitor
8. A Resistor (1 K Ω)
9. P-N junction diodes
10. A LED
11. Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax,
soldering lead, soldering iron &sand paper
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Connection details:
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply
is given to both the input wires of the transformer and
the two ends of the secondary coil is given to the P side
of the two diodes and the N side of the diodes are
twined and then connected to one end of the capacitor
and the other end to the centre tap lead and to the
resistor. Further, the other end of capacitor with the
diode connect ion is connected to the other end of the
resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of the
resistor to measure the output and this is connected to
the +ve & -ve terminals of the bulb.
WORKING
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps
down the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of
delivering a current of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing
across the secondary is the RMS value and the peak value is
8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1
is forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the
direction S 1D1 ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is reverse
biased. So, it does not conduct any electric current. During
the next half cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is
reversed. Hence D2 conducts current in the direction S2D2
ABEOS2and D1 does not conduct any current. In subsequent
half cycles of the A.C current the above processes are
repeated.
In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through
the resistor in only one direction ABE. Even though the
voltage across RL is unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C
components. This is filtered and made smooth using a
capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C current. A resistor is
then used to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly
filters all A.C components from the supply and resistance is
adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple circuit,
only one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there
will be slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it
is negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage light up
the LED.
GRAPHS
APPLICATION
1. Because of their low cost compared to centre
tapped, they are widely used in power supply
circuit.
2. This can be used to detect the amplitude of
modulated radio signal.
3. Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized
voltage in welding.
4. In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.
5. These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic
devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings
etc.
MERITS AND DEMARITS
Merits:
The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is
double of that of a half wave rectifier.
The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency
in case of a full wave rectifier so simple filtering
circuit is required.
Higher output voltage higher output power and
higher TUF in case of a full wave rectifier
In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to
DC saturation of the core because the DC currents
in the two halves of the transformer secondary
flow in opposite directions
Demerits:
Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and
is costlier.
COMPARISION BETWEEN FULL WAVE
AND HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE
wikipedia.com
Google search engine
Physics NCERT book for class XII
