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4. TRAFFIC ON THE HIGHWAY – RULES

OF THE ROAD
It is an offence for any person to fail to comply with an order, a
Radar Detectors signal or a direction of a peace officer or to fail to observe the
Both possession and
use of radar detectors instructions of any official traffic sign or signal except when
is illegal in otherwise directed by a peace officer.
New Brunswick.
4.1 Collisions

The driver of any vehicle involved in a collision causing death or

injury to any person or property damage must stop at the scene of
the collision, give his/her name, address, the registration number
of his/her vehicle along with the liability insurance card and show
his/her driver’s licence to the person struck or to occupants of any
vehicle collided with or to a witness and shall render all reasonable
assistance to any injured person.
First at the Scene
Remember, handling the injured must be avoided unless there is
added danger of being struck by oncoming motorists.
Emergency Vehicles
Upon the approach from either direction of any authorized
emergency vehicle giving an audible signal by way of bell or
siren and visual by flashing red lights, the driver of all vehicles
must immediately drive to the right hand curb and must stop and
remain stopped until the emergency vehicle has passed, unless
otherwise directed by a peace officer.
Reporting Collisions
Collisions resulting in death or injury to any person, or total
property damage to an apparent extent of $1,000.00 or more
must be reported immediately to the nearest office of the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police or if in a town or city, to a member of
the local police.

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Collision reports must be forwarded to the Registrar of Motor
Vehicles within 24 hours.
The Registrar of Motor Vehicles is authorized to suspend the
operating privileges of any person failing to report a collision.
Financial Responsibility
A driver involved in a collision in which a person is injured, even
slightly, or killed, or when the total property damage amounts
to $1,000.00 or more, must be able to prove his/her financial
responsibility at the time of the collision. The accepted proof is a
New Brunswick Liability Insurance Card, issued by an authorized
insurance company, showing that public liability and property
damage coverage has been issued on behalf of the driver or the
owner of the vehicle.
The Registrar, on receipt of a collision report that does not show
the owner or driver has financial responsibility, must suspend the
motor vehicle privileges of the owner and operator and cancel all
registrations and licence against both the owner and driver. Before
reinstatement can be made, proof of financial responsibility for the
future must be filed with the Registrar of Motor Vehicles.

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4.2 Speed Restrictions

Where no speed hazard exists that require lower speed, the speed
limits on provincial streets and highways are:
a) 50 km (30 miles) per hour in any urban district;
b) 80 km (50 miles) per hour in other locations or as otherwise
posted.
This means that a driver apprehended at speeds in excess of those
noted above is committing an offence.
OTHER SPEED LIMITS MAY BE INDICATED FOR CERTAIN SECTIONS OF THE
HIGHWAYS BY SIGNS ERECTED BY ORDER OF THE TRAFFIC AUTHORITY AND
THESE POSTED LIMITS MAY NOT BE EXCEEDED.

No person is permitted to operate a vehicle upon any highway

at such a speed as to endanger the life, limb or property of any
person, including his/her own.

4.3 Slow Drivers

It is an offence under the Act for any person to drive at such a slow
speed as to block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic,
except when reduced speed is necessary for safe operation.
Should a driver find it necessary to drive at a slow speed on the
open highway, he/she must always keep well to the right and
occasionally look back to see if traffic is being slowed down and if
so, the driver must pull off the road and give the traffic a chance
to pass.
To delay traffic is a discourteous and illegal act and greatly
increases the chance of a collision. The “road hog” is a menace
almost as great as those who drive too fast for conditions.

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4.4 Overtaking

Except when overtaking and where passing on the right is

permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle must move to the
right in favour of the overtaking vehicle upon hearing audible
signal and shall not increase the speed of his/her vehicle until
completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.
It is an offence to pass another vehicle on the right except when:
a) overtaking a vehicle making a left turn or signalling a left
turn;
b) on a one way street;
c) on streets and highways marked for multi-lanes going in the
same direction.
Extreme care should be taken in the above situations because
other drivers may swerve over to the right without warning. You
must not drive off the roadway onto the shoulder to pass
another vehicle.
It is unlawful for a vehicle to be driven to the left side of the
roadway under the following circumstances:
a) When approaching the crest of a grade or upon a curve in the
highway where the driver’s view is obstructed within such
distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle
might approach from the opposite direction.
b) When approaching within 30 metres (100 feet) of or crossing
any intersection or railroad grade crossing; or
c) When the view is obstructed upon approaching within 30
metres (100 feet) of any bridge, viaduct or tunnel).

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4.5 School Zones, School Buses and

Construction Zones
If you are approaching a school bus from the front or the rear that
has stopped to take on or discharge passengers as indicated by
flashing red lights, you must bring your vehicle to a full stop not
less than 5 metres (16 feet) in front or rear of the school bus and
wait while passengers are embarking or
disembarking and you shall not proceed
until the school bus resumes motion or
until signalled by the school bus driver to
proceed.
When driving in a school zone, you must
take extra caution and reduce speed.
Recent amendments to the Motor Vehicle
Act have doubled fines for speeding in
a signed school zone. This increase will
provide safer access for children and pedestrians on roadways
while traveling to school facilities. The speed
limit for school zones is 50 km/h in an urban
district unless a different rate of speed
has been prescribed on the signs facing
approaching traffic. This speed limit for
school zones is in effect between the
hours of 7:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. on the
days which school is in session.
Speeding is an issue of great concern
within construction zones. To help address this issue, fines for
this offence have been doubled to improve the safety of workers.
Drivers should comply with the speed limit prescribed by signs
that have been erected by the Department of Transportation while
a worker is present within the construction zone. This speed limit
is 50 km/h in an urban district unless a different rate of speed has
been prescribed on the signs facing approaching traffic. In sections
of the zone where no speed limit has been posted, the limit is 80
km/h. Proper signs also mark the commencement and the end of
the zone for approaching traffic.

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4.6 Drive on Right Half of Highway
Upon all highways of sufficient width, vehicles must be operated
on the right half of the highway and slow moving traffic must
move close to the right hand edge or curb.
Keep well over on your side of the road.
Do not hug the centre line.

4.7 Laned Traffic and Pavement Markings

Where a street or highway has been divided into lanes for traffic, a
vehicle must be driven within a single lane. Painted Islands

A vehicle must be driven in the lane nearest the right hand edge of These markings are painted on the
the highway, except when preparing to make a left turn or when pavement at an approach to an
intersection to provide a protected or
passing another vehicle.
exclusive lane for left or right-turning
White lines vehicles. Once in the turning lane, the
White lines are used to divide lanes of traffic moving in the same motorist must turn left or right only,
direction. White lines also may mark the right shoulder of the as the case may be, and should not
drive over the striped, painted
highway.
islands. Pavement arrows are used to
Yellow lines show the direction in which the driver
Yellow lines on the pavement divide traffic moving in opposite should move when using the lane
directions. They are for your guidance and protection and can concerned.

assist you in driving safely.

A A

B B

Neither A nor B may pass. A may pass, but B is

prohibited from passing.
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When the centre markings consist of two yellow lines and the solid
line is on your side you are prohibited from passing. When the
broken line is on your side it indicates that passing is permitted if
traffic and other conditions allow.
A single broken yellow line marking the centre of a highway
permits passing when traffic, sight distance and other conditions
are ideal. A solid single yellow line indicates that passing is not
permitted.

4.8 Blind Spots

BLIND SPOT All vehicles have a “blind spot” in the right and left rear corners.
Your rear view mirror will not show a car in the lane next to
yours when its front bumper is about even with or ahead of
your rear bumper. If you rely only upon your inside mirror and
turn into another lane without looking over your shoulder you
BLIND SPOT
could collide with a vehicle travelling in your blind spot.

4.9 Passing
Many serious collisions are caused by improper passing. After
deciding that it is necessary to pass and pavement markings
permit, to avoid collisions, follow these rules:
1. Stay back. Often the habit of moving up closely behind a
vehicle leads to collisions. Your view of the road ahead is
obscured and it becomes necessary to cut out sharply to pass.
When you do cut out, you may not have the time to pull in
should there be an oncoming car.
2. Check ahead for oncoming vehicles or obstructions.
3. Check your rear view mirror for vehicles which may be
Do not attempt to pass
overtaking you from behind.
a vehicle on a curve or 4. Signal left.
hill. Keep to your own 5. Check your “blind spot” by looking back over your left
side of the “life line”.
shoulder.
6. Move left gradually.
7. Accelerate (You are not permitted to exceed the posted speed
limit).

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8. Signal right after you have passed. Look over right shoulder.
9. Move right when you can see in your rear view mirror the
headlights of the vehicle you have passed.
10. Resume your normal speed and cancel signal.
Caution
When approaching at night use low beam headlights until you
have started to pass.
If another driver wants to pass you and gives audible warning, you
must give way by driving to the right and must not increase your
speed until the driver has completed the passing procedure.
It is unlawful to drive left of centre of the highway if you do not
have sufficient distance to permit overtaking and passing another
vehicle to be completed safely. You must not prevent the safe
operation of any vehicle; either the one you are passing or one
approaching from the opposite direction.
In any event, it is illegal to pass or drive left of the centre of the
highway on a curve or when approaching the crest of a hill where
your view along the highway is obstructed within a distance of
150 metres (500 feet) or where the pavement markings prohibit.
When changing lanes, never move from one lane of traffic to
another until you make certain that you can do so safely. This
means that you must check oncoming traffic for safe clearance to
the side of, ahead of and behind your vehicle and give the proper
signal before changing lanes.

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LEFT TURN
4.10 Signalling

The law requires you to signal other drivers of your intention to

stop or decrease the speed of your vehicle, turn to the left or the
right, change from one lane of traffic to another lane of traffic,
leave the roadway or set your vehicle in motion from a parked
position.

RIGHT TURN If a vehicle is so constructed or loaded as to prevent the hand and

arm signal from being visible, or if any portion of the vehicle or the
load on the vehicle extends more than 60 centimetres (24 inches)
to the left of the centre of the vehicle’s steering wheel, the signal
must be given by a mechanical or electrical signalling device.
Signals must be given by signalling devices, stop light or hand and
SLOW TO STOP arm. Give correct signals well in advance and in such a way as to
be plainly visible to other drivers. Check your signalling devices
frequently to ensure that they are working properly.
All signals shall be given at least 30 metres (100 feet) before
making a turn.

4.11 Right of Way

The fact that you believe you should be granted the

right of way does not necessarily relieve you from
responsibility for a collision.
Intersection
When approaching an intersection you must yield
the right of way to a vehicle which has entered the
intersection.
When two vehicles enter an uncontrolled
intersection (three or four way stop signs) at
approximately the same time, you must yield to the
driver on your right. If the intersection is controlled,
the lights control the authority to proceed.

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Left Turn
The driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left must yield
to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction which is
within an intersection or so close as to constitute an immediate
hazard. Keep wheels straight until ready to turn.

In this diagram:
• B and C must yield to A.
• E must yield to D while F and D proceed.
• H must yield to G.

Rotary
When driving in a rotary or traffic circle you must drive in a
counter-clockwise direction. If you are approaching a rotary or
traffic circle, you must yield the right of way to traffic which is
already in it and which is approaching so closely as to constitute
an immediate hazard.

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Driveway
Before entering a highway you must yield the right of way to all
vehicles approaching on the highway.
Before emerging from an alley, driveway or building
in a business or residential district, you must stop
your vehicle immediately prior to driving on the
sidewalk or on the sidewalk area extending across
any alleyway.
Before entering an alley, driveway or building or
across a sidewalk, you must yield the right of way
to pedestrians crossing the entrance to the alley,
driveway or building or on the sidewalk at the point
where your vehicle is crossing.

4.12 Railway Crossings

When the driver of a motor vehicle approaches a

railroad crossing and notices the lights flashing
or a flagman or a train dangerously close to the
crossing, the driver must bring his/her vehicle to
a stop not less than 5 metres (16 feet) from the
nearest rail and shall not proceed until he/she
can do so safely.
A driver shall not drive his/her vehicle around
any gate or barrier used to prevent vehicles
from crossing the track(s).
In cases where traffic is heavy and slow, i.e. city,
a driver should never start to cross a track(s)
unless there is sufficient room across the track(s)
to accommodate the whole vehicle in order to
prevent stopping across any part of the track(s).
All buses or other vehicles carrying passengers for
hire or any vehicle carrying an explosive substance

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or flammable liquids as cargo are required to stop, listen and look

in both directions before proceeding through a railway
crossing. Be prepared to stop if you are following any of
these types of vehicles.

4.13 Yield Sign

The yield sign is placed at an intersection which does not

require a stop sign but does require some control. You
must yield the right of way to traffic in the intersection
or approaching so closely as to constitute an immediate
hazard. A

4.14 Stop Sign

A stop sign means you must bring your vehicle to a

complete stop at the clearly marked stop line or at the
nearest crosswalk (marked or not marked). If there is no
painted crosswalk or stop line, stop just before entering the
intersection, allowing room for a pedestrian to cross.
A stop sign means you must bring your vehicle to a stop:
A: At a clearly marked stop line
B: Before entering the nearest crosswalk, whether marked B
or unmarked
C: At the edge of the travelled portion of the through
street or highway where the driver has a view of
approaching traffic on the intersecting highway

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4.15 Traffic Control Signals

Traffic control signals exhibiting green, amber and red lights or

green arrow lights indicate the following:
Red Light
You must bring your vehicle to a stop at a clearly marked stop line
or, if none, before entering the nearest crosswalk or, if none, before
entering the intersection. Unless a sign indicates otherwise, a
right turn may be made on a red light provided the vehicle is first
brought to a full stop and subject always to the right of way of
pedestrians and other traffic.
Red Flasher Light…
means STOP – a complete,
dead stop. After stopping,
proceed only when the way is
clear. (Same as a “Stop Sign”.)
Green Light
Motorists and pedestrians may
proceed unless a specific pedestrian light is in operation.
Yellow or Amber Light
Caution - Red light coming up. If too close to stop safely or you
have already entered the intersection, proceed with caution.
Yellow or Amber Flasher Light…
means SLOW DOWN – and be
extra careful of intersecting
traffic, whether you have right
of way or not. Proceed with
caution.

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Red Light – Green Arrow

This signal indicates that motorists may turn cautiously in the
direction arrow is pointing, after yielding to pedestrians and
other traffic.
Red or Amber Pedestrian Light
Pedestrian lights in many places are
designated by a red or amber light. All
vehicles must stop until traffic light changes
to green and then proceed cautiously after
pedestrians have cleared the crosswalk.
Pedestrians may proceed on walk signal.
A driver may cautiously turn right on a red light
after signalling and stopping if pedestrian and vehicle traffic will
permit, unless a sign prohibits this turn.
Green Flashing Traffic Light
This is an advance green light which means you can turn left if it is
safe to do so.

4.16 Peace Officer

When a Peace Officer is directing traffic and clearly directs you,

regardless of signs or signals, follow the direction of the Peace
Officer with caution.

4.17 Crosswalk Guard

Crosswalk guards are authorized to stop traffic for pedestrians

crossing at crosswalks only.

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4.18 Turning at Intersections

These are some of the rules for making safe, courteous and legal
turns.
1. Prepare for the turn before you get there. Decide well ahead
where you want to turn. If you are not sure, drive slowly until
you can read the street signs or markers or decide in some
other way the direction you desire to turn. Never make last
minute turns; they are dangerous.
2. Move into the correct lane as soon as possible. You should
move into the proper lane sooner if fast
moving and/or heavy traffic.
3. Look behind and on both sides to see
where other traffic may be so that you
can change lanes and make the turn
safely.
4. Signal your intention to change lanes
and to turn.
5. To make the turn safely, slow down
before you reach the crosswalk and complete
the turn at the same speed at which you entered the
intersection. Do not have the brake or clutch pedal pushed
down while actually turning. Do not shift gears after entering
the intersection.
6. Make the turn correctly. This will be easy if you are in the
proper lane and are travelling slow enough at the time you
start the turn.
7. Finish the turn in the proper lane which is the lane nearest
you.
8. If you are stopped in position to make a left turn and waiting
for opposing traffic, do not turn the steering wheel to the left
until you are sure you can complete the turn. If you are struck
from the rear while stopped with the wheels turned to the
left, your car may be pushed into opposing traffic and cause
another collision.
Do not turn from a direct course unless the move is permitted and
can be made with safety.
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Left Turn Left Turn – Two Way onto One Way

Right Turn Left Turn – One Way onto One Way

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Two-Way Left-Turn Lane

The two-way left turn lanes provide traffic
from either direction an area to leave the main
travelled portion of the street or highway to
make a left turn.
To use these lanes position your vehicle (A) next
to the two-way turn lane, signal your intention
to turn left, reduce your speed. Check traffic in all
directions, including your left blind spot. When
safe move left into the two-way left turn lane
(B) as near as possible to the point at which the
left turn will be made and (C) wait for a break in
on-coming traffic. When safe, (D) complete your
left turn.
These lanes also allow for left turns from a
driveway (see arrow for car “E”).
Remember: Extreme caution should be used. Other vehicles may
also be using this lane from the opposite direction.
Some vehicles may block your view of on-coming traffic.
Caution: This lane is NOT intended as a passing lane.

4.19 Passing on Multi-lane Streets

Always keep well to the right except when you intend to overtake
and pass another vehicle or when you intend to make a left turn.
Leave the right lane only when it is safe to do so.

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4.20 Parking Parking on a Hill

When leaving a vehicle standing on a rural highway it must be
moved off the paved or main travelled part of the roadway, unless
the vehicle is so disabled that it cannot be moved.
It is an offence to park a vehicle on the pavement or main travelled
portion of a highway if it can reasonably be parked elsewhere.
It is an offence to disregard a parking regulation sign. Under no
circumstances can a vehicle be parked on a highway unless there
are 5 metres (16 feet) of unobstructed roadway left for the free
passage of other traffic and the parked vehicle can be clearly seen Uphill or downhill without curb:
Steering wheel turned right.
for a distance of sixty 60 metres (200 feet) in each direction.
If your vehicle is stopped because it has broken down, you must
take precautions to avoid collisions with other vehicles coming
toward you.
Whenever a vehicle is left unattended, the front wheels should be
turned to the curb or side of the highway and the parking brake
must be effectively set.
Whenever you park a vehicle on a rural highway at night or
whenever lights are required, you must have at least one white or
amber light showing from the front on the roadway side of your Uphill with curb: Steering wheel
turned left.
vehicle and at least one red light showing from the rear on the
roadway side of your vehicle.
Your Parking Shows Your Skills
Many drivers find parking in a limited space at the curb their most
difficult driving operation. To park skillfully, you must be able to
have complete control of your vehicle at all times.

Downhill with curb: Steering wheel

turned right.

SET PARKING BRAKE

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Parallel Parking
Many drivers have difficulty with this specific type of parking and
it requires more skill.

1. Signal your intention.

Stop even with car
parked ahead of
parking spot and about
one-half metre (1 1/2)
feet) away from it.
2. Back slowly, turning
wheel sharply to the
right.
3. Continue to back
slowly and straighten
your wheels
4. When the front of your
car passes the rear of
car ahead, turn wheel
to the left - sharply,
then gradually - while
backing while ensuring
clear passage.
5. Straighten wheels and
pull up to within 60
centimetres (2 feet) of
car ahead and close to
the curb. (no further
than 50 cm (20") from
the curb).

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4.21 Backing

Backing a vehicle is a difficult task at any time, either to go

straight back or to turn to one side or the other. Backing
procedures should be completed at a speed no faster than a person
walking quickly.
Backing Procedures
• Keep your foot on the brake pedal and select reverse
gear.
• Do a complete safety scan.
• Get in the proper seating position (photo).
• Aim well into your intended path of travel.
• Move slowly controlling your vehicle with your right/
left hand at the 12 o’clock position on the steering
wheel.
• Continue to scan in all directions while backing.

4.22 Miscellaneous Traffic Provisions

No person shall drive a vehicle when it is so loaded or when

there are in the front seat such number of persons as to obstruct
the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle or as to
interfere with the driver’s control over the driving mechanism
of the vehicle, and in no event, when there are more than three
persons in the front seat.
Coasting a motor vehicle with the transmission in neutral is
prohibited.
No person may deposit any glass, nails, wire, cans or scraps of
metals or any rubbish, refuse or waste upon any highway.
No person shall stop a vehicle to load or unload goods other than
at the curb or shoulder of the roadway.
No person in control or charge of a motor vehicle shall cause the
tires of such vehicle to squeal or make any other unnecessary or
unreasonable noise.

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The driver of any motor vehicle carrying passenger(s) for hire or of

any bus or any vehicle carrying explosives or flammable liquids,
shall not cross a railroad crossing(s) without first bringing his/
her vehicle to a complete stop, no closer than 5 metres (16 feet),
before the crossing and shall not proceed over the crossing(s) until
the way is clear and safe.
Passengers in Vehicles
You must not stop a vehicle on the highway or street for the
purpose of taking on or letting off passengers other than at the
curb or side of the roadway. You must not permit a person to enter
a vehicle while it is in motion.
Intersections and Crosswalks
Except when preparing for a turn, do not enter an intersection or
a marked crosswalk unless there is enough space in the roadway
on the other side of the intersection for your vehicle to completely
clear the intersection or marked crosswalk.

4.23 Pedestrians
The Driver’s Responsibility
As the driver of a vehicle you are required to yield the right of way
to a pedestrian, which includes a person in a wheelchair, within a
marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at the end of
a block, except at intersections where the movement of pedestrian
traffic is being regulated by a peace officer or traffic control signs.
Whenever a vehicle has stopped at a marked crosswalk or at an
intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway it is an
offence for the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the
rear to overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.

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The Pedestrian’s Responsibility

Every pedestrian, which includes a person in a wheelchair, crossing
a roadway at any point other than within a marked or unmarked
crosswalk at the end of a block, is required to yield the right of way
to vehicles upon the highway.
At an intersection where traffic is controlled by traffic signals, it is
an offence for a pedestrian to disobey the instruction of any traffic
signal placed in accordance with the Motor Vehicle Act unless
otherwise directed by a peace officer.
Walk Light – Pedestrian traffic facing this signal may only
proceed in the crosswalk and all other traffic must yield the right
of way to the pedestrian traffic.
Don’t Walk – Pedestrian traffic facing this signal must not
proceed across the intersection.

4.24 Traffic on the Highway

Sharing the Road
When driving, remember that there are many different users of our
streets and highways. It is everyone’s responsibility to be aware
and adjust to the presence and actions of others: passenger car
drivers, truck drivers, motorcycle drivers, bicyclists, pedestrians,
school bus drivers and emergency vehicle operators.
The safety of all road users is shared. The more we make ourselves
aware of and accept this responsibility the safer we will make our
streets and highways.
Walking on the Highway
Where sidewalks are provided a pedestrian shall not walk along or
upon an adjacent highway.
When sidewalks are not provided any pedestrian walking along
and upon a highway must, when practical, walk only on the
left side of the roadway or its shoulder facing traffic which may
approach from the opposite direction.

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Pedestrian Safety
Pedestrian walking on unlighted highways after dark should carry
a light or wear light coloured clothing.
In snow conditions, it is advisable to wear some dark clothing.
Retro-Reflective Material
Retro-reflective material can be seen at several hundred metres
Wearing away. This material reflects light from a vehicle’s headlights back
dark clothing towards the driver.
Thumbing Rides
It is an offence for any person to stand in a roadway for the
purpose of soliciting a ride from the driver of a private vehicle.

4.25 Horseback Riding

Carrying a
Horseback riders and drivers of horse drawn vehicles are permitted
hankerchief to use streets and roadways unless restricted by signs.
The rider/driver should travel with traffic, as far to the right as
possible, obey all signs and signals that apply. Riders should
always observe stop signs and use the appropriate hand signals
when crossing the road. It is not permitted to ride horseback on
the sidewalk, to race the animal or to leave the horse unattended.
Remember, a horse is sometimes unpredictable. Be alert, slow
Wearing down and give plenty of room until you have safely passed.
medium clothing

4.26 Bicyclists

It is an offence to drive on sidewalks. Bicyclists are subject to the

same rules of the road as motor vehicle drivers. A cyclist must drive
in the same lane as traffic, as close to the right as possible. Light
or reflective clothing should be worn at night. Bicycles should be
Wearing retro- equipped with a headlight, reflectors and a horn or bell.
reflective material
It is mandatory to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle.

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