Name: Karyem Muhamed Muhamed El Sayed Ahmed
ID: 1900291
Course Name: Industrial Automation
Course Code: EPM422s
Section: 4
Report: 1
Direct On Line
Induction motors require different starting methods due to their tendency to
draw high starting current, which can potentially damage the motor windings. To
mitigate this risk, various types of starters are utilized.
The most basic type of starter for induction motors is the Direct On Line (DOL)
starter. This starter configuration consists of a Molded Case Circuit Breaker
(MCCB) or a Circuit Breaker, a Contactor, and an overload relay for protective
purposes. The electromagnetic contactor can be opened by the thermal overload
relay in the event of a fault.
Typically, the contactor is controlled by separate start and stop buttons, and a
hold-in contact is employed across the start button. This hold-in contact ensures
that the contactor remains closed electrically while the motor is operating. In a
DOL starter, there are two buttons—one for starting and another for stopping the
motor. The circuit breaker, contactor, and overload relay provide necessary
protection.
When initiating the motor, pressing the start button closes the contact, allowing
the full line voltage to be applied to the motor. The DOL starter includes three
normally open (NO) contacts that connect the motor to the power supply lines.
Additionally, there is a fourth contact known as the "hold-on contact" or auxiliary
contact, which energizes the contactor coil once the start button is released.
If a fault occurs, causing the auxiliary coil to be de-energized, the starter
disconnects the motor from the power supply. This serves as a safety measure to
protect the motor and prevent further damage. The overload relay plays a crucial
role in safeguarding the motor by interrupting the power supply when excessive
current is detected, thereby preventing overheating. By regulating the current,
overload relays help prevent potential issues associated with excessive current
flow.
Advantages of DOL Starter
• Simple and cost-effective starter
• Easy to design, operate, and control
• Connects the power supply to the delta winding of the motor
• Easy to understand and troubleshoot
• Provides almost full starting torque
Disadvantages of DOL Starter
• High starting current about 5 to 8 times of full load current
• Mechanically rugged and tough
• Significant voltage dip caused by DOL starter, making it suitable only
for small motors
• Unnecessary high starting torque
• Reduction in machine lifespan due to DOL starter
Power Circuit
Control Circuit:
Real Connection:
