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Chapter02 - Permeability

Permeability

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17 views4 pages

Chapter02 - Permeability

Permeability

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Alpha Local
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Chapter 2. Permeability and Darcy Law Introduction Tn addition to being porous, a reservoir rock must have the ability to allow — petroleum fluids to flow through it interconnected pores Fi ow dependent ‘The fluid flow through a cylindrical tube is expressed by Poiseuile's equation, ae which isa simplification of Nevier-Stokes equation which can be written as = 25%, We can use the Navier Stokes equations to study flow through porous media, but this will be very difficult even if we simplify them. ‘Aiternatively, a sinilar (equivalent) equation can be derived for this purpose. ‘That is why, in this chapter, we present Darcy's law, which provides a basis, at the pore. scale, for the relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient. Si) 1. Darcy Experiment “cae | 7 7 Darcy in (1858) carried out simple experiments on sand packets to develop an empirical Yy formula that remains the main formula most widely used in the oil industry. In this experiment, water flows through a porous medium (sand) from the upper reservoir to GY mer, ‘the lower reservoir by gravity at a low, constant flow rate. The liquid rises in the warn ” pressure tubes to decreasing levels. YY ‘The difference in fluid pressures can be calculated from hi-hz providing the density of ‘the fluid is known. Tt has since been validated for most rock types and certain commen xscacen lL fluids, Darcy's formula can be expressed as: sinew _ KAMP | oa 1 ‘Where: Q= the flow rate (em3/s or m3/s) Fluid Pressures AP = the fluid pressure difference (dynes/em2 or Pa) fi Fo 12 the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (poise or Pas) LL the length of the tube (em or m) k= the permeability of the sample (darey or m2) A he area of the sample (cm2 or m2) Darcy's law: “the apparent (macroscopic) velocity of filtration is linearly proportional to the pressure gradient, and the coefficient of proportionality depends on the type of rock and fluid” V= constant «(%) .... Darcy's Law Local velocity in the pore space is highly variable, That is why, the mean flow rate should be used, cemgszam = 8) this ft, he sum of lea Inyo (8 bel pre ln cy (y= (variable) actual velocities inthe direction of flow, multiplied bythe porosity: vauat = 22 Tf the core sample is the same and other variables ore altered, absolute permecbility remains unchanged as itis entirely «rock property Tf we consider the irreducible water saturation, Sw, the actual velocity in a water-wet reservoir is: Derey’s law is the macroscopic empirical equivalent of the N.S equations. It can be obtained by using statistical averoges or integrals of microscopic terms for macroscopic renderings (e.g., the volumetric average using the representative. elementary volume: REV) NS Darcy tad BELIMANEZ A permeability of 1 D allows the flow of 1 em? per second of water with 1 centipoise, ¢P, viscosity, through a cross- sectional area of 1 em2, when a pressure gradient of 1 atmosphere pressure per centimeter is applied. (1. ~ 10° m?.) Parameter SI Darcy Field Q m/s em/s _ BbI/d i mem ft A mon? HE h mem ft r es co BP Pa atm sia Kk me Dm a Pace Hae

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