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ASSIGNMENT

1. Let A1A2A3 and B1B2B3 be triangles. If p = A1A2 + A2A3 + A3A1 + B1B2 + B2B3 + B3B1 and q =
A1B1 + A1B2 + A1B3 + A2B1 + A2B2 + A2B3 + A3B1 + A3B2 + A3B3 prove that 3p ≤4q.
2. Let ABC be a triangle with unequal sides. The medians of △ABC, when exteded, intersect its
circumcircle in points L, M, N. If L lies on the median through A and LM = LN, prove that
2BC2 = CA2 + AB2
3. A straight line cuts two concentric circles in points A, B, C and D in that order. AE and BF are
parallel chords, one in each circle. If CG is perpendicular to BF and DH is perpendicular to AE,
prove that GF= HE

4. D, E, F are midpoints of the sides BC, CA, AB of ABC. Through D, E, F straight lines are drawn
meeting in a point P; and through A, B, C lines are drawn parallel to DP, EP, FP respectively. Prove
that these lines also meet in a point. (You may assume that P is inside  ABC.)

5. D is the midpoint of the side BC of ABC. The line joining D and the incentre I of the triangle
intersects the altitude AA’ at the point P. Prove that l(AP) is equal to the radius of the incircle of the
triangle.
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Solutions
1. Let A1A2A3 and B1B2B3 be triangles. If p = A1A2 + A2A3 + A3A1 + B1B2 + B2B3 + B3B1 and q =
A1B1 + A1B2 + A1B3 + A2B1 + A2B2 + A2B3 + A3B1 + A3B2 + A3B3 prove that 3p ≤4q.
Sol: Note that. AB + BC> AC
Now
A1 B1 + B1 A 2  A1 A 2 
A1 B1 + B1 A 3  A1 A 3 
A1 B2 + B2 A 2  A1 A 2 
 6 ineqaulities
A1 B2 + B2 A3  A1 A 3 
A1 B3 + B3 A 2  A1 A 2 

A1 B3 + B3 A3  A1 A 3 
Similarly write six inequalities starting with each of A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 and add all 36 inequalities to
get
8(A1B1 + A1B2 + A1B3 + A2B1 + A2B2 + A2B3 + A3B1 + A3B2 + B3B3 )  6(A1A2 + A2A3 + A3A1 +
B1B2 + B2B3 + B3B1)
 8q  6p
 4q  3p

2. Let ABC be a triangle with unequal sides. The medians of △ABC, when exteded, intersect its
circumcircle in points L, M, N. If L lies on the median through A and LM = LN, prove that
2BC2 = CA2 + AB2
Sol: We note that the triangles AGB and MGL are similar because GAB = GML (same segment) and
AGB = MGL. Hence

AG AB c
= i.e. AG = MG. . …..(1)
MG LM LM
Similarly, AGC ~NGL and so
AG AC b
= i.e. AG = NG. . …(2)
NG NL NL
Also, by data LM = LN, Hence by (1), (2) we get
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MG b
= …(3)
GN c
Since the chord BM and CN intersect at G, we have
BG.GM = CG.GN.
So by (3), BG.b = CG.c and so
2 2
BB'.b = CC '.c or 2BB'2 . b 2 = 2CC' . c 2 .
3 3
So, applying Apollonius’ theorem twice we get
b2(c2 + a2 – 2AB’2) = c2 (a2 + b2 – 2AC’2),
1 1
b2(c2 + a2 - ) = c2(a2 + b2 - c2),
2 2
1
a2(b2 – c2) = (b4 – c4),
2
2a2 = b2 + c2, as b  c.

3. A straight line cuts two concentric circles in points A, B, C and D in that order. AE and BF are
parallel chords, one in each circle. If CG is perpendicular to BF and DH is perpendicular to AE,
prove that GF= HE

Sol: Let DH intersect BF at P. Let AB = m. Then CD = m, since the chords AD and BC have a common
perpendicular bisector as the circles are concentric. Then in right angled triangle GPH,
GH2 = GP2 + PH2 = m2 sin2 D + m2 sin2 A = m2,
since angles A, D are complementary. So GH = m and the trapezium ABGH is isosceles. (Note that
BG < AH). Since AE and BF are parallel chords in two concentric circles, they have a common
perpendicular bisector. Hence the trapezium ABFE is also isosceles. Hence EFGH is a parallelogram
and GF = HE.

4. D, E, F are midpoints of the sides BC, CA, AB of ABC. Through D, E, F straight lines are drawn
meeting in a point P; and through A, B, C lines are drawn parallel to DP, EP, FP respectively. Prove
that these lines also meet in a point. (You may assume that P is inside  ABC.)
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Sol. Let the lines through A and B parallel to DP and EP respectively meet in Q. Join CQ. Since DP
QA, EP BQ and AB  ED, triangles QAB and PDE are similar. So QB /EP = AB /DE = 2.
Hence QB/EP = BC/FE. Also, QBC = x + ABC = x + DEF = FEP. Hence  QBC ~  PEF.
Hence QC PF and the result follows

5. D is the midpoint of the side BC of ABC. The line joining D and the incentre I of the triangle
intersects the altitude AA’ at the point P. Prove that l(AP) is equal to the radius of the incircle of the
triangle.
Sol. Draw the circumcircle with centre O. Now X, the midpoint of arc BC of the circumcircle, lies on AI,
and OX is the perpendicular bisector of BC. Draw IQ ⊥ AC.
1
Since IAQ = BAX = BCX = A, the right tringles AIQ and CXD are similar. Also since
2
IAP = IXD and AIP = XID, triangles AIP and XID are similar. Hence
AP AI AI IQ
= and = .
XP IX XC XD
But we know that IX = XC. Hence AP = IQ, as required.