Quick Revision Notes for Math Exam
1. Straight Line
- Forms of Equations:
Slope-intercept: y = mx + c
Point-slope: y - y1 = m(x - x1)
Two-point: y - y1 = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1)(x - x1)
General: ax + by + c = 0
- Important Concepts:
Angle between two lines: tan(theta) = |(m1 - m2)/(1 + m1*m2)|
Distance between parallel lines: d = |c2 - c1| / sqrt(a^2 + b^2)
2. Conic Section
- Parabola:
Standard equation: y^2 = 4ax (focus: (a, 0), directrix: x = -a)
- Ellipse:
Standard equation: (x^2 / a^2) + (y^2 / b^2) = 1
Major axis = 2a, Minor axis = 2b, c = sqrt(a^2 - b^2)
- Hyperbola:
Standard equation: (x^2 / a^2) - (y^2 / b^2) = 1
Transverse axis = 2a, Conjugate axis = 2b
3. Sequence and Series
- Arithmetic Progression (AP):
an = a + (n - 1)d, Sn = n/2[2a + (n - 1)d]
- Geometric Progression (GP):
an = ar^(n-1), Sn = a(1 - r^n)/(1 - r)
- Sum to Infinity (GP):
S = a / (1 - r), where |r| < 1
4. 3D Geometry
- Line Equation: (x - x1)/l = (y - y1)/m = (z - z1)/n
- Plane Equation: ax + by + cz + d = 0
- Angle Between Two Planes:
cos(theta) = |a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2| / sqrt(a1^2 + b1^2 + c1^2) * sqrt(a2^2 + b2^2 + c2^2)
5. Statistics
- Mean: Mean = (Sum of fi*xi) / (Sum of fi)
- Variance: Variance = (Sum of fi(xi - Mean)^2) / (Sum of fi)
- Standard Deviation: SD = sqrt(Variance)
6. Probability
- Basic Formulas:
P(A) = Favorable Outcomes / Total Outcomes
P(A and B) = P(A)P(B|A) (Conditional Probability)
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
7. Limits
- Standard Limits:
lim(x -> 0) (sin x)/x = 1, lim(x -> 0) (1 - cos x)/x = 0
lim(x -> infinity) 1/x = 0
- LHopitals Rule:
If lim(x -> c) f(x)/g(x) = 0/0 or infinity/infinity, then
lim(x -> c) f(x)/g(x) = lim(x -> c) f'(x)/g'(x)
8. Derivatives
- Basic Rules:
d(x^n)/dx = nx^(n-1), d(sin x)/dx = cos x, d(cos x)/dx = -sin x
- Product Rule:
d(uv)/dx = u'v + uv'
- Quotient Rule:
d(u/v)/dx = (u'v - uv')/v^2
