8 Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 3: Module 4
GEOMETRY

Writer: Violentina J. Asuncion

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Hello, Grade 8 learners! In this module, you will learn how to:

➢ prove two triangles are congruent. M8GE-IIIg-1

You can say that you have understood the lessons in this module if you can:
1. recall the following:
● proving theorems
● definition and illustration of congruent triangles (Corresponding Parts of
Congruent Triangles are Congruent) or CPCTC).
● postulates and theorems on triangle congruence.
2. prove that two triangles are congruent by:
● SSS Congruence Postulate
● SAS Congruence Postulate
● ASA Congruence Postulate
● SAA Congruence. Theorem
3. use the conditions of triangle congruence to prove congruent segments and
congruent angles.
4. prove congruence properties in an isosceles triangle.
5. prove theorems on isosceles triangle.
6. prove theorems on right triangle.

Lesson 1: Proving Two Triangles are Congruent by (SSS, SAS and

ASA)
Postulates and SAA Theorem

Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. What property of congruence is illustrated in the statement if ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 and
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 ≅ 𝑃𝑄 , then 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝑄 ?
A. Distributive B. Reflexive C. Symmetric D. Transitive

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

2. What triangle congruence postulate/theorem states that: “If two sides and the
included angle of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two sides
and the included angle of another triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent”?
A. SSS CP B.SAS CP C ASA CP D SAA CTh
3. What triangle congruence postulate/theorem states that: “If two angles and the
included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles
and the included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent”?
A. SSS CP B.SAS CP C ASA CP D SAA CTh
4. What triangle congruence postulate/theorem states that: “If two angles and the
non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two
angles and the non-included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent”?
A. SSS CP B.SAS CP C ASA CP D SAA CTh

5. What triangle congruence postulate states that: “If the corresponding sides of
two triangles are congruent then the two triangles are congruent”?
A. SSS CP B.SAS CP C ASA CP D SAA CTh

6. The pairing or matching of the vertices of two triangles is called a one- to - one

correspondence between the vertices of the triangles. The correct

correspondence between ∆ABC and ∆ DEF is ___.

A. A↔D, E↔B, C↔F B. A↔D, B↔E, C↔F

C. A↔D,B↔E,F↔C D. A↔D,E↔B,F↔C

7. Which of the following can NOT be used to prove that the two triangles are
congruent?
A. SSA CTh B.SAS CP C. ASA CP D. AAS CTh

8. ∆DOG ≅ ∆CAT. If DO = 14, OG = 18, DG = 21 and CT= 2x + 7, what is the

value of x?
A.3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9

9. What is the perimeter of ∆CAT in item number 9?

A.35 units B. 53 units C. 57 units D. 59 units

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 10. ∆PIT ≅ ∆BUL and PI = 5x - 7, IT= 4x + 3, BL = 4x – 3 and PT = x + 9 find the

length of BU.
A.13 B. 17 C. 23 D. 26

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1. Identical Twin

Given each pair of triangles below are congruent.

a pair of acute triangles

a pair of right triangles

a pair of obtuse triangles

Do what is asked in each item.

1. Place indicators on ∆ABC and ∆DEF showing they are congruent by SAS-CP
2. Place indicators on ∆GHI and ∆JKL showing they are congruent by ASA-CP
3. Place indicators on ∆MNO and ∆PQR showing they are congruent by SAA-
CT

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 4. Choose one pair of triangles from the given and place indicators showing they
are congruent by SSS-CP.
5. Write the statement for each condition for triangle congruence
● SSS Congruence Postulate
● SAS Congruence Postulate
● ASA Congruence Postulate
● SAA Congruence Theorem

What’s New
ACTIVITY 1. CUT AND GO!
PROVING TWO TRIANGLES ARE CONGRUENT BY CUT- OUTS OF
PAIRS OF TRIANGLES.
Materials:

● 2 sheets of papers preferably 8.5 inch by 11inch (any color of paper will do.)
● Scissors
● Pen or pencil
● 30-cm /12-inch ruler and a
● Protractor
Instructions:
1. Fold the paper in half and draw 3 triangles (one acute, one obtuse and one
right triangle) on one side of the folded paper. (Note: The sizes of triangles
must be enough for easier measurements of angles and sides.)
2. Cut each of these triangles to have 3 pairs of triangles.
3. Paste each pair of triangles separately on a sheet of paper.
4. Name/label each triangle by naming each of the vertices. (Refer to the given
samples)
5. Using 30-cm ruler and protractor, find the measure of the angles and sides of
each of the six triangles.
6. Complete the table by placing the corresponding measure for the angles and
sides. (Use centimeter unit for the length of sides and degree unit for the
angles).
7. Answer the questions that follows.

∠A ∠D ∠G ∠J ∠M ∠P
∠B ∠E ∠H ∠K ∠N ∠Q
∠C ∠F ∠I ∠L ∠O ∠R
AB DE GH JK MN PQ
BC EF HI KL NO QR
AC DF GI JL MO PR

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 ∆ABC and ∆DEF ∆GHI and ∆JKL ∆MNO and ∆PQR

Questions
1. When you place each pair of triangles on the top of the other, do the two
triangles look like only one triangle?
2. Can you prove that each pair of your cut - out triangles are congruent? Why?
3. In this activity, do you need to measure the sides and angles of two triangles
to prove that they are congruent? Why?

What is It

In the second quarter, you have learned how to prove some theorems. Two of
the theorems that were proved are the Linear Pair Theorem and the Vertical Angles
Theorem. These theorems may look like rather obvious. So, why are they need to be
proved? Because it is innate for people to verify the truth and sometimes; what is
obvious to one person may not be so obvious to another person.
In this lesson, you will apply the concepts of triangle congruence postulates
and theorems as condition or “test” to prove that two triangles are congruent.

The conditions or “tests” to prove that two triangles are congruent.

1. SAS Congruence Postulate
2. ASA Congruence Postulate

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 3. SSS Congruence Postulate
4. SAA Congruence Theorem
In each given condition, you only need to establish three pairs of corresponding
congruent parts of two triangles instead of six pairs to prove that the two triangles are
congruent.
In writing proofs, you are advised to use the two - column form proof. Study and
analyze the following illustrative examples.
Illustrative Examples.
A. The SAS Congruence Postulate: If two sides and the included angle of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding two sides
and the included angle of another triangle, then the
two triangles are congruent
Given: ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 at its midpoint D
Illustration:

Prove: ∆ABD ≅ ∆CBD

Proof:
Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅ is D
1. The midpoint of 𝐴𝐶 1. Given information
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
2. 𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ (Sides) 2. Definition of midpoint
3. ∠ADB and ∠CDB are right angles 3. Definition of perpendicular lines
4. ∠ADB ≅ ∠CDB (Angles) 4. All right angles are congruent.
5. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 (Sides) 5. Reflexive Property
6. ∆ABD ≅ ∆CBD 6. SAS Congruence Postulate

B. The ASA Congruence Postulate: If two angles and the included side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the included side
of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Given: Z is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

𝑋𝑁

Illustration:
̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑋 bisects ∠ BZY, ∠X ≅ ∠N

Prove: ∆XYZ ≅ ∆NAZ

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠X ≅ ∠N (A) 1. Given
2. Z is the midpoint of XN 2. Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑁𝑍
3. 𝑋𝑍 ̅̅̅̅ (S) 3. Definition of Midpoint
̅̅̅̅
4. 𝑍𝑋 bisects ∠ BZY 4. Given
5. ∠1≅∠3 ( Note:∠1 is ∠XZY and ∠3 is
5. Definition of angle bisector
∠XZB)
6. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 (Note:∠2 is ∠AZN) 6. Vertical Angles Theorem
7. Substitution by transitivity
7. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 (A)
(statements 5,6)
8. ∆XYZ ≅ ∆NAZ 8. ASA Congruence Postulate

C. The SSS
Congruence Postulate: If the three sides of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding three sides of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐼𝐿
Given: N is the midpoint of 𝐴𝑉 ̅̅̅̅ Illustration:
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑉𝐼
𝐴𝐿 ̅̅̅

Prove: ∆ALN ≅ ∆VIN

Proof:

STATEMENTS REASONS
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐼𝐿
1. N is the midpoint of 𝐴𝑉 ̅ 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑁𝐿
2. 𝑁𝐼 ̅̅̅̅≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅, 𝑁𝑉 𝑁𝐴 (S,S) 2. Definition of Midpoint
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑉𝐼
3. 𝐴𝐿 ̅̅̅ (S) 3. Given

4. ∆ALN ≅ ∆VIN 4. SSS Congruence Postulate

D. The SAA Congruence Theorem: If two angles and the non-included side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the non-included
side of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Given: ∠A and ∠E are right angles Illustration:

∠1 ≅ ∠3

Prove: ∆BEL ≅ ∆LAB

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠A and ∠E are right angles 1. Given
2. ∠A ≅ ∠E A 2. All right angles are congruent
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 A 3.Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐿𝐵
4. 𝐵𝐿 ̅̅̅̅ S 4. Reflexive Property
5.∆BEL ≅ ∆LAB 5.SAA or AAS Congruence Theorem

What’s More

Directions: Prove that the triangles are congruent by adding one more pair of
congruent parts.

1. Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠ 2

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝑁
𝑍𝑁 ̅̅̅̅

Prove: ∆INZ ≅ ∆INA by SAS CP

2. Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠ 2
∠3 ≅ ∠ 4

Prove: ∆ZWX ≅ ∆ZWY by ASA CP

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝑃
3. Given: 𝑄𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑇 ≅ 𝑄𝑆

Prove: ∆PQT ≅ ∆RQS by SAS CP

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

4. Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑂
S is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑉 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐸

Prove: ∆LES ≅ ∆VOS by SSS CP

What I Have Learned

State / write the statements for the conditions or “tests” to prove that two
triangles are congruent.
1. SAS Congruence Postulate

2. ASA Congruence Postulate

3. SSS Congruence Postulate

4. SAA Congruence Theorem

What I Can Do

Make an interactive notebook about the conditions or “tests” to prove that two
triangles are congruent: SAS Congruence Postulate, ASA Congruence Postulate.
SSS Congruence Postulate and SAA Congruence Theorem.
The following should be included in your interactive notebook.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 a. Statement and illustrations of each condition
b. One example of each condition
c. One problem with solution that involves congruent triangles
d. Pictures of some applications of congruent triangles
Some images of the content of interactive notebook from pinterest.com are given
below.

Rubric for Scoring:

Competency
4 3 2 1 0
Level
Mathematical Showed Showed Showed some Showed Did not show
Concept complete almost understanding limited any
understanding complete of the concept understanding understanding
of the concept understanding of proving of the concept of the concept
of proving of the concept congruent of proving of proving
congruent of proving triangles. congruent congruent
triangles. congruent triangles. Triangles.
triangles.
Mathematical The concepts Present nearly Present Present Did not able to
Communication and complete incomplete explanations present any
mathematical explanations explanation which were explanations
terms are well but made and made difficult to and did not
presented and some minor some errors in understand use any
completely errors in definitions and made accurate
explained. definitions and major errors mathematical
and illustration of in definitions terms.
illustrations of terms. and
terms. illustration of
terms.

10

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Effort Put a great Put in very Put in some Made some Made little or
deal of effort good effort to good effort to effort in no effort ;
to create an create an create a illustrating poor output
artistic artistic moderately and coloring sloppy and
Interactive Interactive artistic triangles late work
notebook notebook Interactive
which has which has notebook
attractive some which rather
colors and attractive plain- looking.
pleasant to colors and
look at. pleasant to
look at.

Assessment
Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. What congruence postulate will prove that ∆AOB≅∆DOC, If

̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐶 and O is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ?
A. SSS CP B.SAS CP C. ASA CP D. SAA CTh

2. What are the 2 pairs of corresponding congruent parts that will complete the
congruence postulate in item #1?
A. ∠A≅∠D; ∠B≅∠C B. AO≅OD; OB ≅OC
C. AO≅DO; AB≅ DC D. ∠AOB≅ ∠DOC

3. In the accompanying diagram of ∆ABO and ∆CDO, ∠B ≅∠D and AB ≅ CD,

which statement is needed to prove Δ ABO ≅ Δ CDO by ASA?
A.∠A ≅ ∠C B. ∠C ≅ ∠B

C.∠A ≅ ∠D D. ∠AOB ≅ ∠DOC

11

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

4. Given the figure where ∠B ≅ ∠C and AB ≅DC, what additional pair of corresponding
parts must be congruent for Δ ABD ≅ Δ DCA by SAS?
A. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅∠𝐴𝐷 B.̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵
C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷

5. Given an equilateral triangle ABC, with X, Y and Z as the midpoints of ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵, ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 and
̅̅̅̅ respectively. Connecting the midpoints X, Y and Z will result four smaller
𝐴𝐶
triangles which are congruent to each other. What congruence postulate will prove
that the four smaller triangles are congruent to each other?
A. SSS CP B.SAS CP C. ASA CP D. SAA CT

Complete the proof.

In ∆ABC, If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 , prove that ∠B ≅ ∠C.

Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. 1. Given
2. AC ≅ AB 2. Symmetric Property of Congruence
3. ∠A ≅ ∠A 3.
4. ∆ABC ≅ ∆ACB 4.

5. 5. CPCTC

12

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 LESSON 2: Using Triangle Congruence in Proving Theorems
Related to Isosceles Triangles

What I Know

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the most appropriate postulate or previously proven theorem
to prove the Isosceles Triangle Theorem?
A. SSS CP B.SAS CP C. ASA CP D. SAA CT
2. Which of the following is NOT a property of an isosceles triangle?
A. The legs of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
B. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
C. The altitude to the base of an isosceles triangle bisects the base and
the vertex angle.
D. The median to a side of an isosceles triangle bisects the vertex
angle.

3. In isosceles ∆XYZ, ∠X ≅ ∠Y, what are the congruent sides in ∆XYZ?

A. ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 B. ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑍 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑍 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑌 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑋

4. In isosceles ∆PQR, the vertex angle measures 50º What is the measure of each
base angle?
A.50º B. 65º C. 80º D. 130º

5. In isosceles ∆PQR, each base angle measures 50º What is the measure of the
vertex angle?
A.50º B. 65º C. 80º D. 130º

13

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What’s In

Given the following figures where ∆XYZ ≅ ∆LMP (not drawn to scale). Find the value
of each unknown. (The measure on each angle is in degree units)

1.

2.

ACTIVITY 1. Investigation of Properties of Isosceles Triangles

Procedure:
1. Construct an isosceles triangle.
2. Measure and label each segment and angle of the triangle.
3. Identify the sides and angles that are congruent
4. Verify this relationship with different isosceles triangles.
(Draw at least 3 different isosceles triangles).
5. Observe that if two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite
them are congruent. Write your observation statement in if- then form.
6. Construct Isosceles triangle ABC where AB is congruent to AC. Draw altitude
AD.

14

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 7. Observe and verify that the vertex ∠A and the base BC are both bisected by
AD. Write your observation statement in if- then form.

Sample figures of Isosceles Triangle.

Isosceles right Isosceles obtuse

triangle triangle
Isosceles acute
triangle

What is It
The Isosceles Triangle Theorem and Its Converse

⮚ Isosceles Triangle Theorem: If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the
angles opposite those sides are congruent.
⮚ Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem: If two angles of a triangle are
congruent, then the sides opposite those angles are congruent.

The proofs of these two theorems can be illustrated using triangle congruence
theorems (refer to the Additional Activity in lesson1). In addition, the results in the
investigation activity in What’s New? also point out to the proof of these theorems.
Corollaries of Isosceles Triangle Theorem:
1. An equilateral triangle is equiangular.
2. The bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to
the base at its midpoint.

(Note: A corollary is a statement which is a consequence or resulting

statement of a theorem.)

15

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

ACTIVITY 1:

Prove the following corollaries using the Isosceles Triangle Theorem and by
completing the given table of two- column proof.

1. An equilateral triangle is equiangular.

Illustration:
Given: ∆PAT is an equilateral triangle.

Prove: ∆PAT is an equiangular triangle.

Proof:

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∆PAT is an equilateral triangle. 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝑇
2. 𝑃𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ 2. Definition of ____________.
3. ∠P ≅ ∠T 3. Isosceles Triangle Theorem

4. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑇 4.
5. ∠A ≅ ∠T 5.
6 ∠P ≅ ∠A ≅ ∠T 6 Transitive Property (S3 and S5)
7. ∆PAT is an equiangular triangle. 7. Definition of

2. The bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to

the base at its midpoint

Given: ∆BON is an isosceles triangle. OB ≅ ON. ray 𝑂𝐺

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is an angle
bisector of vertex angle ∠O

16

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Prove:
a. OG is perpendicular to base BN and
b. G is the midpoint of BN

Illustration:

Proof:

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∆BON is an isosceles triangle. 1. Given
2. OB ≅ ON 2. Definition of ___________.
3. ∠B ≅ ∠N 3. ___________

4. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 is an angle bisector of ∠O 4. __________

5. ∠BOG ≅ ∠NOG 5. definition of ____________.

6 ∆BOG ≅ ∆NOG 6 ASA Congruence postulate
7. ∠BGO ≅ ∠NGO 7. CPCTC
8. ∠BGO and ∠NGO are linear pair 8. Definition of ____________
9. ∠BGO and ∠NGO are supplementary 9. ____________
10 ∠BGO + ∠NGO = 180º 10. Definition of ___________
11 ∠BGO + ∠BGO = 180º 11.Addition Property of Equality
2∠BGO = 180º
∠BGO = 90º
∠NGO = 90º
12. ∠BGO and ∠NGO are right angles 13.Definition of ____________
13. OG is perpendicular to base BN 14.Definition of ____________
14. BG ≅ GN 15.CPCTC (statement 6)
15. G is the midpoint of BN 16. Definition of ___________

17

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Match the terms / concepts in column A with the corresponding definition /
statements in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer before each item
number.

A B
__1. Isosceles triangle a. Equiangular Triangle
__2. Corollary b. A point which bisects a segment.
__3. Isosceles Triangle Theorem c. A ray which bisects an angle
__4. Converse of isosceles Triangle d. A triangle with exactly 2 congruent
Theorem sides
e. If two sides of a triangle are
__5. Equilateral Triangle congruent, then the angles opposite
those sides are congruent
f. If two angles of a triangle are
__6. Angle Bisector congruent, then the sides opposite
those angles are congruent.
__7. Midpoint of a Segment g. The resulting statement of a theorem.

Goal: Solve a Mathematical Olympiad Problem to be the Philippines’

representative in the 2022 International Mathematical Olympiad

Role: Mathlete

Audience: Classmates, Math Teachers

Situation: You are competing to be the Philippines’ representative in the 2022

International Mathematical Olympiad. You have to solve the last given
problem to qualify for the prestigious international mathematics
competition.

18

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Problem: Let ∆ABC be isosceles with AB ≅AC. Suppose that
i. M is the midpoint of 𝐵𝐶 and O is the point on 𝐴𝑀⃡ such that 𝑂𝐵 is
perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵;
ii. Q is an arbitrary point on 𝐵𝐶 different from B and C; and
iii. E lies on 𝐴𝐵⃡ and F on 𝐴𝐶⃡ such that E, Q. and F are distinct and
collinear.
Prove that 𝑂𝑄 ̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅ if and only if 𝑄𝐸
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝐹
̅̅̅̅ .

Product: Complete, elegant and correct proof of the given problem

Rubric for correction:
Rubric 4 3 2 1
The explanation is The explanation is The The
profound and comprehensive. explanation is explanation
comprehensive. The proofs is vague. The is vague. The
The proofs is somewhat sufficient, proof is statements
Mathematical
elegant, sufficient, logical and correct somewhat are not
Reasoning
logical and correct. sufficient and sufficient
logical with and logical
some minor
mistakes.
The proof is The proof is The proof is The proof is
complete, and each complete, and each complete, but incomplete,
Presentation and part is very well part is well some parts are and each
Completeness presented presented presented with part is not
minor presented
mistakes. properly.
Submitted ahead of Submitted on time Submitted a Submitted
time day after the beyond 1
Punctuality
deadline day after the
deadline

Assessment
Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. An isosceles triangle can have one right angle. This statement is ____
true.
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Never D. Cannot be determined
2. What is the measure of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle
whose base angles measures 55º?
A. 55º B. 60º C.65º D. 70º

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

3. Which of the following phrases will complete the statement to make it
true. “In an isosceles triangle _________.
A. no two angles are congruent.
B. the base angles and the vertex angle are congruent.
C. one base and an acute angle are congruent.
D. the base angles are congruent.
4. What is the measure of each angle formed by the bisector of a base
angle of an isosceles triangle, if its vertex angle measures 40º
A. 35º B. 40º C.55º D. 60º
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. In an isosceles triangle, the measure of the base angle is half of the
measure of the vertex angle subtracted from 180º
B. In an isosceles triangle, the lengths of the three angle bisectors are
equal.
C. In an isosceles triangle, the length of the three medians are equal.
D. In an isosceles triangle, the length of the three altitudes are equal.

Complete the table of two-column proof.

In the given figure, ∆ABC is isosceles where ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 .
̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠ABC.
𝐵𝐷

Prove that ∆ADC is isosceles. Illustration:

Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1.∆ABC is isosceles 1. Given
2. 2. Given
3. BD bisects ∠ABC. 3.
4 4. Definition of angle bisector.
5. BD ≅ BD 5.
6.∆ ABD ≅ ∆CBD 6.
7. 7 By CPCTC
8. ∆ADC is isosceles 8.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Lesson3: Congruence of Right Triangles

Prove each pair of triangles are congruent:

1. 2

3. In ABCD, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = 𝐶𝐷

𝐴𝐵= 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅=𝐷𝐴
̅̅̅̅.

̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠A and ∠C

Prove that 𝐴𝐶

1. Prove that each pair of right triangles are congruent. (letter a) is done for you as
your guide)

a) b)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

c) d)

Proof for (a)

Statements Reasons
GH ≅ KL Given
∠H ≅ ∠I All right angles are congruent
HI ≅ LM Given
∆GHI≅ ∆KLM SAS-CP

Proof for (b)

Statements Reasons

Proof for (c)

Statements Reasons

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Proof for (d)
Statements Reasons

You have learned from the definition of congruent triangles that the corresponding
parts of congruent triangles are congruent (CPCTC). It means that 6 pairs of
congruent parts of the two triangles are congruent. In lesson 1 of this module, the
conditions to prove that two triangles are congruent need 3 pairs of congruent parts.
These conditions are used to prove the theorems on congruence between right
triangles in the previous activity

CONGRUENCE THEOREMS OF RIGHT TRIANGLES:

1. LL Congruence Theorem) If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the
legs of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
Illustration:

2. (LA Congruence Theorem) If one leg and an acute angle of one right triangle
are congruent to one leg and an acute angle of another right triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.
Illustration:

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 3. (HyA Congruence Theorem) If the hypotenuse and an acute angle of one
right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and an acute angle of another
right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
Illustration:

4. (HyL Congruence Theorem) If the hypotenuse and one leg of one right
triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and one leg of another right triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
Illustration:

A. Apply the congruence indicated and give the corresponding parts of the right
triangles which must be congruent.

1. 2

LL Congruence Theorem LA Congruence Theorem

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 3.

4.

HyL Congruence Theorem HyA Congruence Theorem

B. Directions: Give the congruence required to prove that ∆BEL ≅ ∆JIN.

1. LE ≅ NJ ; ∠B ≅ ∠J 4. LB ≅ NJ ; LE ≅ NI

2. EB ≅ NJ ; ∠B ≅ ∠J 5. LB ≅ NJ ; EB ≅ IJ

3. ∠L ≅ ∠N ; EB ≅ IJ 6. EB ≅ IJ ; LE ≅ NI

Write the verbal statement for each congruence theorem of right triangles.

25

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Make a tessellation of congruent right triangles. Design your own tessellation
using pencil and ruler and color your work to make it unique and attractive.
Samples of tessellations of congruent right triangles

Tessellations of congruent Tessellations of congruent

isosceles right triangles scalene right triangles

Competency Mathematical concept Creativity Efforts

Level

Showed complete
Used congruent right Put in a great deal of effort to
understanding of the
triangles to form very create an artistic tessellation
4 concept of congruence
creative and interesting piece with attractive colors
between right triangles
tessellations and pleasing to look at.

Showed almost
Used congruent right Put in very good effort to
complete
triangles to form quite create a tessellation piece
3 understanding of the
creative and interesting which has some attractive
concept of congruence
tessellations colors and pleasing to look at.
between right triangles

Showed some Put in some good effort to

Used congruent right
understanding of the create a moderately artistic
2 triangles to form simple
concept of congruence tessellation piece which is
design tessellations
between right triangles rather plain- looking.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Showed limited
understanding of the Used right triangles that
1 Made some effort in coloring.
concept congruence could not be tessellated.
between right triangles

Did not show any

understanding of Made no effort: poor looking;
0 No tessellations shown
congruence between late work.
right triangles

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following congruence theorems for right triangles can be used to prove
two congruent right triangles instead of using SSS CP?
A. LL CTh B. LA CTh C. HyA CTh D. HyL CTh

2. Given triangles ABC and DEF where, ∠B and ∠E are right angles and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸,
which statement is needed to prove Δ ABC ≅ DEF by HyL congruence theorem?
A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹 B. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 C. ∠C≅∠F D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸

3. In a right triangle, the following information is true EXCEPT____.

A. Two sides of the triangle are perpendicular.
B. The median to the hypotenuse bisects the hypotenuse.
C. Two of its angles are complementary.
D. The altitude to the hypotenuse bisects the right angle

4. Zian knows that in right triangles ∆ROM and ∆NIL, ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑅𝑀 and̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐿 are the longest sides
for each triangle. Which pair of angles are right angles in ∆ROM and ∆NIL?
A. ∠R and ∠N B. ∠O and ∠I C. ∠M and ∠L D. ∠O and ∠N

5. Zian knows that in right triangles ∆ROM and ∆NIL, 𝑅𝑀

̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑁𝐿
̅̅̅̅ are the longest sides
for each triangle. Which two pairs of sides are perpendicular in ∆ROM and ∆NIL.

A. ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑂 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑀 / ̅̅ 𝑁𝐼̅̅ and 𝐼𝐿
̅ B. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑀 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑅 / 𝐼𝐿 ̅ and / ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑁
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑅𝑂
C. 𝑀𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ / 𝐿𝑁
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑁𝐼
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and / 𝐿𝑁
D. 𝑅𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ / 𝑀𝑅
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝐼𝐿
̅

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 The Pythagorean Theorem is considered as the best known and most useful
theorem in mathematics. This famous theorem state that: “In any right triangle the
square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths
of the two legs”. In symbols, c² = a² + b² where c is the hypotenuse, a and b are the
legs. The Pythagorean equation, c² = a² + b² is used to determine if a set of three
numbers are the sides of a right triangle.
Your task is to use the Pythagorean equation to find 5 sets of 3 numbers which
satisfy the equation, then draw the five triangles as accurate as possible and lastly
find the measure of the acute angles of each five triangles.

SUMMATIVE TEST
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following congruence theorems for right triangles can be
used to prove two congruent right triangles instead of using SAS CP?
A. LL CTh B. LA CTh C. HyA CTh D. HyL CTh

2. In an Isosceles Triangle, each of the following information is true,

EXCEPT:
A. Two sides of the triangle are congruent
B. The median to the base bisects the base.
C. Base angles are congruent
D. The altitude to the base bisects each base angle.

3. An isosceles triangle can have one right angle. This statement is ____ true.
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Never D. Indeterminable

4.If ∆ ADU ≅ ∆VIN, which angle is congruent to ∠A?

A. ∠S B. ∠A C.∠U D. ∠P

5. In ∆FLU, which is the included side of ∠F and ∠U?

A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐿 B. ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑈 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑈 D.̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐹

6. How many bisectors does an angle have?

A. exactly one B. at least one C. two D. infinite

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

7. If the corresponding congruent sides are marked, what postulate or
theorem can prove that the two triangles are congruent?
A. SAS CP B. SAA CTh C. SSS CP D. ASA CP

8. Given Δ JOY and ΔFUL where, ̅̅̅

𝐽𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑈, ∠J ≅∠F, and ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ .
𝑌𝐽 ≅𝐿𝐹
Which postulate or theorem can be used to prove ΔJOY ≅ ΔFUL?
A. SAS CP B. SAA CTh C. SSS CP D. ASA CP

9. Complete the sentence to make the statement true. “In an isosceles

triangle _________.
A. no two angles are congruent.
B. the base angles and the vertex angle are congruent.
C. one base and an acute angle are congruent.
D. the base angles are congruent.

10. Given the figure, ∆NCR ≅ ∆OCR. What is the measure

of ∠CRN if ∠RCO = 25º and ∠N= 65º
A. 90º C. 70º
B. 80º D. 60º

1. Geometry ( Based on 2002 BEC) by Antonio C. Coronel, M.S.E.E. and

Iluminada C Coronel, F.M.M.
2. Geometry Textbook for Third Year by Soledad Jose- Dilao,Ed.D. Julieta G.
Bernabe
3. XP Geometry by Jose A Marasigan , Ph.D. et.al.
4. Discovering Geometry by Michael Serra.
5. Learners Manual for Grade 8 Mathematics by Dep Ed.

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 30

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Violentina J. Asuncion (PHS)

Editors: Bielynda C. Daelo (JDPNHS)
Analyn C. Santos (MSHS)
Language Validator: Lourdes B. Guyong
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
External Reviewer: PNU Validators
Cover Illustrator & Layout Artist: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE