INTRODUCTION TO Home Science &
Management
HSM 200/Department of Home Science & Management
Adeboye, Adebiyi Oladipupo
1
LECTURE Iv
Laundry and Dry Cleaning
2
Laundry & Dry-cleaning
Cleaning processes may be defined between
Laundry or “wet-cleaning”
and
“dry-cleaning”
• Brief description of closely related processes:
Laundry
Laundry is a process where the garments are washed cleaned
with water using specialised laundry chemicals, soap and
detergents. It is a total wet process.
The process garments will go through:
• Marking and inspection • Drying
• Mending • Post spotting
• Pre-treating stains • Finishing
• Sorting • Packing
• Washing
Dry-cleaning
Dry-cleaning is a process that cleans clothes without water.
Dry-cleaning isn't really dry. The clothes do get wet, but not with
water.
The fact that there is no water is why the process is called “dry”
The cleaning fluid that is used is a liquid solvent and all
garments are immersed and cleaned in the solvent.
Dry-cleaning removes oils that cannot be removed in washing,
lessens shrinkage and stretching, and helps preserve the
original colour of most garments.
The Dry-cleaning process garments will go through:
Marking and inspection
Mending
Pre-treating stains
Sorting
Dry-cleaning
Post spotting
Finishing
Packing
Clothing Care and Fiber Content Labels
You know if a fabric is washable by reading the care label.
Textile products washing instructions, symbols and Meaning
Machine Machine Wash, Machine Wash,
Wash, COLD COLD
WASHING COLD Permanent Gentle Cycle
INSTRUCTIONS Press
Machine Machine Wash, Machine Wash,
Hand Wash Wash, WARM WARM
WARM Permanent Gentle Cycle
Press
Do Not Wash Machine Machine Wash, Machine Wash,
Wash,
HOT HOT
HOT
Permanent Gentle Cycle
Press
Bleaching instructions and Symbols for
clothing maintenance
Drying Instructions Symbols and Meanings
Tumble Dry, Tumble Dry, Tumble Dry, Do Not
DRYING NO HEAT Permanent press, Gentle Cycle, Tumble Dry
INSTRUCTIONS NO HEAT NO HEAT
Tumble Dry,
Tumble Dry, Tumble Dry,
Permanent press, Line Dry
LOW HEAT LOW HEAT
Gentle Cycle,
LOW HEAT
Tumble Dry, Tumble Dry,
Tumble Dry,
MEDIUM Permanent press, Gentle Cycle, Drip Dry
HEAT MEDIUM HEAT MEDIUM HEAT
Tumble Dry,
Dry Flat
HIGH HEAT
Ironing Instructions and Symbols
for Clothing Maintenance
Symbols Meaning
Iron, Steam or Dry, with
LOW HEAT
Iron, Steam or Dry, with
MEDIUM HEAT
IRONING Iron, Steam or Dry, with
INSTRUCTIONS HIGH HEAT
Do Not Iron
Do Not Iron with Steam
Dry-Cleaning Instructions and Symbols
for Clothing Maintenance
Symbols Meaning
Do Not Dry-clean
Dry-clean
May appear with additional letters
and/or lines
DRY CLEANING Take this item to a professional
INSTRUCTIONS drycleaner
Stain Removal
Stain removal is a necessary part of clothing
care.
Quick and cautious stain removal
keeps clothes in wearable condition for a longer time
helps reduce clothing costs.
Stain Removal Chemicals
Common name Chemical
Alcohol (rubbing) Isopropyl
Ammonia ammonium hydroxide
Color remover sodium hydrosulfite
isopropyl alcohol or other
Commercial stain removers
unspecified ingredients
perchloroethylene,
Dry-cleaning fluid or petroleum-based
trichloroethylene petroleum
pre-treatment solvent distillates
Enzyme pre-soak products amylase, protease, lipase
Lemon juice and salt citric acid and sodium chloride
Nail polish remover acetone
Rust removers hydrofluoric acid, oxalic acid
Photo supply acid fixer sodium thiosulfate
Turpentine terpene
White vinegar acetic acid
Classification of Stains
There are many ways of classifying stains for removal from washable fabrics
Stain classification system starts with:
stains that require similar treatment
stains that are easiest to remove if treated promptly and correctly
Stains that require two-step or special treatment e.g.
•Protein Stains
•Tannin Stains
•Oil-based Stains
•Dye Stains
•Combination Stains
Two step treatment
(1) Remove oily/waxy portion
(2) Remove dye portion using bleach as safe for fabric.
Combination stains ( remove oil stains first)
contain a variety of ingredients, these stains usually have
1. oily/waxy component
2. dye or pigment component.
Step 1 procedure depends on whether stain is in Group A or B as
follows:
Group A.
1.Spray or sponge with dry-cleaning solvent
(Perchloroethylene, Trichloroethylene)
2.Rub with heavy-duty liquid detergent before washing.
Ball-point ink Furniture polish
Candle wax Lipstick
Carbon paper Livestock paint
Crayon Pine resin
Floor wax Shoe polish
Carbon typewriter ribbon Tar
Eye make-up (mascara, pencil liner, shadow)
Group B.
Rub heavy-duty liquid detergent into stain before washing.
•Barbecue sauce
•Calamine lotion
•Catsup or tomato sauce
•Cocoa or chocolate
•Face make-up (powder, rouge, foundation)
•Gravy
•Hair spray
After completing step 1 procedures above, do step 2-removing dye stains.
Start with an all-fabric bleach because it is less damaging to colours and fabrics.
Use liquid chlorine bleaches for tough dye stains, if fabrics are colourfast to bleach.
Protein Stains
•Baby food Pudding
•Milk •Egg
•Baby formula •Urine
•Mucous •Feces
•Blood •Vomit
•Cheese sauce •Gelatin
•Mud •White glue; school paste
•Cream •Ice cream
Tannin Stains
•Do not use soap (bar, flake). Use detergents.
•Alcoholic beverages
•Beer
•Berries (cranberries, raspberries, strawberries)
•Coffee
•Cologne
•Felt-tip water color pen or washable ink
•Fruit juice (apple, grape, orange)
•Soft drinks
•Tea
•Tomato juice
Oil-based Stains
Use heavy-duty detergent with hot water.
•Automotive oil Car door grease
•Hair oil •Mayonnaise
•Bacon fat •Collar/cuff greasy rings
•Hand lotion •Salad dressing
•Butter/margarine •Cooking fats and oils
•Lard •Suntan oil or lotion
•Face creams
Dye Stains
•Need detergent wash and bleach as safe, for fabric.
•Cherry, blueberry
•Color bleeding in wash (dye transfer)
•Felt-tip pen (permanent ink-may not come out)
•Grass
•India ink
•Kool-Aid
•Mercurochrome
•Mustard
•Tempera paint
Tannin stains
Fresh tannin stains are usually removed by detergent (not soap)
Washing in hot water (as safe for fabric) during laundering without any
treatment.
Use of soap (bar soap, soap flakes, or detergents containing natural
soap) will make a tannin stain permanent or at least more difficult to
remove.
Be sure to check the ingredients list of your detergent for soap.
More brands now include it for economic reasons.
Old tannin stains may need bleaching for more complete removal.
What to Do if You Don't Know What the Stain Is
CHECK
•Stain odour, location, and colour may give you a clue.
•Old oil stains may smell rancid, but appear dry.
•Food stains are often on the front of garments;
•Perspiration stains around collars and under-arms;
•Black grease is often on pants or skirts at car-door latch levels.
What to Do if You Don't Know What the Stain Is
Stain colour may be a misleading clue.
For example,
•Rust-coloured stains may be coffee, tea, old lemonade stains
(caramelized sugar), cosmetics containing benzoil peroxide
(which can bleach many colours to look rusty), felt marker,
crayon, aged baby formula, or a number of other things.
•If a heavy waxy or gummy residue is present, you may be
dealing with a stain that will respond best to spot treatment with
a dry-cleaning fluid.
What to Do if You Don't Know What the Stain Is
Since the appropriate removal method varies with the stain,
1. Start by using the least destructive stain removal methods first.
If the whole garment can be submerged, start by soaking the garment in
cold water (as for protein stains).
If not, use warm water and spot treatment technique.
Next,
2. Use liquid detergent and lukewarm or hot water, rinse and let air dry (as for oil
stains).
If you suspect the stain is iron rust, treat with rust remover before bleach.
What to Do if You Don't Know What the Stain Is
3. If stain persists,
use a pre-treatment spray or solvent (as for combination stain) and all-
fabric bleach.
If the all-fabric bleach is ineffective on the stain and the garment is
colourfast or white, finally
4. try a dilute solution of liquid chlorine bleach.
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