ROOFTOP SOLAR

PV SYSTEM

ASHLIN JOSE
INTERN
VATSAA ENERGY
 CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION

• NATIONAL SCHEMES

• STATE WISE SCHEMES

• SOLAR PANEL MALFUNCTIONS AND

MAINTANENCE

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INTRODUCTION
ALL INDIA RES SOLAR POWER
CUMULATIVE CAPACITY (MW)

India's solar power

installed capacity
was 81.813 GWAC as
of 31 March 2024.
India is the third
largest producer of
solar power globally.

Solar energy is an important constituent of India’s

ambitions of generating 500 GW of renewable
energy by 2030. With overall solar energy generation
getting traction in the last few years—capacity
additions nearly doubled from 6,510 MW in 2019-20
to 12,760 MW in 2021-22.
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ROOFTOP SOLAR PV (PHOTOVOLTAIC)
SYSTEM

Sunlight→(Photovoltaic effect)→Electricity

Components: Advantages:
• Solar Panels • Reduces electricity bills
• Inverters • Sell excess electricity
• Electrical Wiring • Long-term cost savings
• Mounting Structures • Sustainable and resilient
• BoS Components
energy infrastructure

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ROOFTOP SOLAR PV (PHOTOVOLTAIC)
SYSTEM

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 System
Design of Installation Monitoring
System Process and
Maintenance

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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Site assessment and feasibility analysis:
• Structural Assessment
• Structural assessment should be conducted to ensure that the roof can
support the additional weight of the PV system.
• GI structural material
• Roof orientation and tilt angle
• South Facing
• 11° tilt angle
• Shading analysis
• Trimming or removing trees, adjusting panel placement, or using
shading mitigation technologies such as optimizers or microinverters.
• Available roof space
• For determining the maximum size and configuration of the solar PV
system. 8
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
System sizing:
• Determining energy requirements
• Energy Audit
Daily Energy Production = System Capacity (kW)
• Load Analysis ×Daily Solar Irradiance (kWh/m²/day)
×System Performance Factor
• Peak Load Calculation
• Calculating the size of the PV array
• Solar Radiation Data (kWh/m²/day )
(collected by meteorological agencies, solar resource assessment organizations, or through
databases and online resources)

• Daily Energy Production (kWh/day)

• System Performance Factors
• efficiency losses due to shading, temperature variations, dirt
accumulation on panels, and inverter efficiency. 9
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
System sizing:
• Considerations for System Design
• Panel Selection
(Mono PERC half cut Solar Panel)

• Panel Efficiency
(Higher efficiency panels may require less space but can be more costly)

• Inverter Sizing
(Ensure the inverter selected can handle the maximum DC power output from the PV array
to convert it efficiently to AC power for use in the building)

• Regulatory and Grid Connection

(Verify compliance with local regulations and utility requirements for grid-connected
systems, including interconnection standards and metering arrangements)

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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Advantage of Mono PERC half cut Solar Panel over others
(Monocrystalline PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) half-cut solar panels)

1. Higher Efficiency
2. Improved Performance in Low Light Conditions
3. Enhanced Durability and Reliability
4. Better Temperature Coefficient
5. Shading Tolerance
6. Reduction in Hot Spot Risks
7. Aesthetic Appeal and Design Flexibility

The number of Panels and length of cable required for wiring is determined
after calculating load and positioning of components
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Electrical Design
• Voltage Compatibility
• DC Voltage
(The DC voltage output depends on factors such as the number of panels in series and
their individual characteristics)

• Inverter Input Voltage

(Inverter input voltage ratings should match the DC voltage output of the PV array to
ensure compatibility and efficient operation)

• System Voltage
(The overall system voltage is determined by the configuration of the PV array and
inverter)

• Voltage Drop Considerations

(consider voltage drop calculations to ensure efficient power transmission and minimize
energy losses)
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Electrical Design
• Wiring Design and Configuration
• DC Wiring
• AC Wiring
• panels are connected in series (to increase voltage)
• Inverter Selection Based on System Size and Efficiency Requirements
• Inverter Capacity (rated in kW or kWp)
• Efficiency Ratings
• Inverter Type
(central inverters (also known as string inverters) or microinverters/optimizers with grid
interactive features)

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INSTALLATION PROCESS
Pre- installation preparations
• Structural Assessment and Reinforcement (if needed)
• Structurally unstable rooftops avoided
• Concreted roofs preferred
• Contact with authorities (if necessary)
• Mounting System Installation
• Flush Mounting
• Tilt-Up Mounting
• Tracking Systems

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INSTALLATION PROCESS
PV Module Installation
• Mounting Solar Panels
• Wiring Procedures
• Electrical Safety Precautions

Other Components
• Earthing (for AC, DC and Solar Panels)
• Lightning Arrestor
• Distribution Board (on AC side and DC side)
Types of SPDs
• Fuse (Cartridge Fuse/ Miniature Fuse/ Blade Fuse)
Type 1 SPD: Direct lightning strikes
• MCB (for overload or short circuit conditions) High Energy Surges
• SPD (from transient voltage spikes or surges) Type 2 SPD: For Moderate Surges
• Metering Devices (to measure and monitor voltage, Type 3 SPD: For sensitive equipments
current, power consumption, and energy production)
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NATIONAL SCHEMES
PM – SURYA GHAR: MUFT BIJLI YOJANA
PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana is a government scheme that aims to provide
free electricity to households in India. The scheme was launched by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi on February 15, 2024.

Under the scheme, households will be provided with a subsidy to install solar
panels on their roofs. The subsidy will cover up to 40% of the cost of the solar
panels. The scheme is expected to benefit 1 crore households across India. It
is estimated that the scheme will save the government Rs. 75,000 crore per
year in electricity costs.

The benefits of the scheme include:

1.Free electricity for households.
2.Reduced electricity costs for the government.
3.Increased use of renewable energy.
4.Reduced carbon emissions.

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PM – SURYA GHAR: MUFT BIJLI YOJANA
• Saving on electricity bill by the consumer.
• Utilization of available vacant roof space, no additional land required.
• Low gestation period.
• No additional requirement of transmission and distribution (T&D) lines.
• Reduces T&D losses as power consumption and generation are collocated.
• Improvement in the tail-end grid voltages and reduction of system congestion.
• Long term energy and ecological security by reduction in carbon emission.
• Better management of daytime peak loads by DISCOM/ utility.
• Meeting of the Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs) of obligated entities
https://www.pmsuryaghar.gov.in/
Suitable Rooftop Solar Plant Capacity for households:
Average Monthly Electricity Suitable Rooftop Solar Plant
Subsidy Support
Consumption (units) Capacity

0-150 1-2 kW ₹ 30,000/- to ₹ 60,000/-

150-300 2-3 kW ₹ 60,000/- to ₹ 78,000/-

> 300 Above 3 kW ₹ 78,000/-

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PM – SURYA GHAR: MUFT BIJLI YOJANA
Application Process
• First of all go to the official website – pmsuryaghar.gov.in
• Click on the option Apply For Rooftop Solar on the home page .
• First of all you have to register for which you will need these details: State,
Electricity Distribution Company, Electricity Mobile Number, Email and
Consumer Number
• After that apply as per the given steps.

https://pmsuryagharyojana.in/subsidy-structure/

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 PM – SURYA GHAR: MUFT BIJLI YOJANA
Step 1
Register in the portal with the
following Step 2 Step 3
• Select your state • Login with Consumer Number Wait for the feasibility approval
• Select your electricity distribution and Mobile Number from the Discom. Once you get
company
• Apply for rooftop solar as per the feasibility approval get the
• Enter your electricity consumer plant installed from any
number the form
registered vendor in your
• Please enter the Mobile-Number
Discom
• Enter email
• Please follow the instructions on the
portal

Step 6
Once you get the
Step 5
Step 4 commissioning report. Submit
After installation of Net Meter
Once the installation is the bank account details and a
and inspection by Discom, they
complete, submit the plant cancelled cheque through the
will generate Commissioning
details and apply for net meter portal. You will receive your
Certificate from the portal
subsidy in your bank account
within 30 days.
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The Indian government has drawn up a 'Mission 500GW' plan to ensure India
is able to extend its scope of renewable energy (RE) to 500 GW by the year
2030, in line with the announcement made by Prime Minister Modi at the
COP26 climate conference at Glasgow. Ministry of Power & Ministry of New &
Renewable Energy (MNRE) are working proactively to achieve the targets set
by India. MNRE is the ministry working in the area of New & Renewable
Energy in India and already working to promote renewable energy all over
India. There are already lot of schemes by MNRE to promote the Solar or
Distributed Renewable Energy going on all over India

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PM- KUSUM YOJNA
The PM-KUSUM scheme was launched by the MNRE in 2019, to support
installation of off-grid solar pumps in rural areas and reduce dependence on
grid, in grid-connected areas. The objective of the scheme is to enable farmers
to set up solar power generation capacity on their barren lands and to sell it to
the grid. The government’s Budget for 2020-21 expanded the scope for the
scheme with 20 lakh farmers to be provided assistance to install standalone
solar pumps; another 15 lakh farmers to be given help to solarize their grid-
connected pump sets

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STATE WISE
SOLAR ENERGY
SCHEMES
 SOURA KSEB
The Soura KSEB Solar subsidy project was an initiative by the Kerala State Electricity
Board (KSEB). Households in Kerala who install rooftop solar panels can receive up
to 40% subsidy under this programme, for up to 3 kW and 20% subsidy between 3
and up to 10 kW

KSEB ROOFTOP SOLAR SUBSIDY SCHEME 2023-24

KSEB Solar Subsidy Scheme is an initiative by the government with the main motive to
make people adopt other natural sources to fulfill their electricity needs such as rooftop
solar PV system.

KSEB's ‘Soura' project, which provides an opportunity to set up a solar power plant at
rooftop with 40 per cent central subsidy, is only till March 2024.

KSEB Soura is a subsidy scheme for installing rooftop solar panels, E-Kiran is the
management system that facilitates the application and implementation process for
such renewable energy projects under KSEB.

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SOLAR PANEL
MALFUNCTIONS
AND
MAINTENANCE

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 SOLAR PV SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS

Common malfunctions in solar panels include:

• Invertor Short Circuit: Internal circuits becomes Short circuited

• Wire and/or Insulation Damage: Damaged caused to the connecting wires
• Physical Damage to the Panels
• Delamination : The separation of the bond between the solar cell, glass sheet, and back sheet,
which can lead to moisture and air entering the system.
• Micro cracks : Tiny tears in solar cells that can grow over time due to weather changes and wear.
• Hot spots : Overloaded areas on a solar panel that reach high temperatures, potentially causing
degradation or irreparable damage.

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 SOLAR PV SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Maintenance procedures for rooftop solar PV systems typically involve:

• Visual inspections : Checking for dirt buildup, damage, and shading caused by nearby trees
or structures.
• Inverter health checks : Monitoring the inverter’s status indicators to ensure proper
functioning.
• Cleaning : Removing dirt, bird droppings, and other debris from the panels using a soft rag
and mild detergent.
• Wiring checks : Inspecting wiring connections and terminations for looseness and corrosion.

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 SOLAR PV SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Solar cell degradation refers to the gradual decline in the performance and efficiency of
photovoltaic (PV) cells over time. This phenomenon is primarily influenced by several factors
related to the environment, material properties, and operating conditions.
• Temperature Effects
• Light-Induced Degradation (LID)
• Mechanical Stress
• Humidity and Moisture Exposure
• Chemical and Environmental Exposure

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THANK YOU

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