MODULE 2
FRICTION
Friction :When a body moves or tends to move over another body, a force
opposing the motion develops at the contact surfaces.
Sliding friction:Encountered commonly in the case of two solid surfaces
having a tendency of relative motion.
Rolling Friction:Resistance between two surfaces is experienced when they
roll over each other.
Fluid friction: Resistive force is offered by a fluid to body which moves over
or through it.
Limiting friction:Maximum value of frictional force, which comes into play,
when the motion is impending.
Static friction:Applied force is less than the limiting friction, the body
remains at rest.
Dynamic friction:Applied force exceeds the limiting friction, the body starts
moving over the other body.
Laws of Friction
(i) The direction of friction force always acts in a direction opposite to
which the body moves or tends to move
(ii) The frictional force developed is independent of the area of contact
(iii) The total frictional force depends on the roughness of contact surfaces,
(iv) The frictional force is equal to the force applied to the body, so long as
the body is at rest
(v) The coefficient of Kinetic friction is less than the coefficient of Static
friction
(vi) The total frictional force is proportional to the normal Reactive force
(FN).
Coefficient of friction Ratio between the limiting friction and the normal
reaction.
Angle of friction The angle between the resultant reaction and the normal
to the surface.
Wedge Simple machine, most useful in lifting or moving heavy loads or
large blocks and used to produce small adjustments or displacements to
heavy loads.
Screws used for fastening and for transmitting power or motion, aiding the
lifting lowering the heavy load.
also see the definition of cone of friction,
Example of friction
When,
i)friction is undesirable:friction makes the engine or automobiles to use
more fuel it affects on the efficiency of the machine.
ii)Friction is quite necessary:holding a pen, pencil etc
