IT 316 Networking 2
Introducing Network Address
Translation (NAT)
KEZIA ABEGAIL T. VELASCO, MIT
SY 2024-25
IPv4 Addressing
• IPv4 address doesn’t provide enough addresses for all devices
that needs an IP address in the modern world.
RFC 1918 - IPv4 Private Addresses Range
1. 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
2. 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
3. 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
Private IP addresses cannot be used over the internet
Network Address Translation
• A protocol that connects multiple devices on internal, private
networks to a public network such as the internet, using a
limited number of public IPv4 addresses.
• NAT us usually implemented on border devices such firewalls
and routers.
NAT Terminology and Translation
Mechanism
• Category of addresses:
1. Inside addresses set of networks that are subject to
translation.
2. Outside addresses all addresses that do not belong to
network in question.
NAT Terminology and Translation
Mechanism
• Category of addresses (based on where they are viewed):
1. Local addresses address values that are intended to be
used by the inside network.
2. Global addresses address values meant to be used in inside
networks. Devices in the internet always see public
addresses.
Types of addresses in NAT
• Inside Local host addresses on the inside network
• Inside Global translated inside local address
• Static NAT (one to one) maps a local IPv4 address to a global
IPv4 Address. Both server addresses, local and global are
static. So the translation are always static.
• Dynamic NAT (many to many) maps local IPV4 address to a
pool of global IP addresses.
• Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT)/ Port
Address Translation (many to one) maps multiple IP address
to just a single gobal IPv4 address
Port Address Translation (many to one)
Benefits of NAT
1. NAT conserves public addresses
2. Increase the flexibility
3. Consistency for internal network addressing schemes.
4. Can be configured to translate all private addresses to only
one public address or to a smaller pool of public addresses.
Disadvantages of NAT
1. End-to-end functionality is lost
2. End-to-end traceability is lost
3. Difficulties for the tunneling protocols
4. Services that require the initiation of TCP connections from an
outside network can be disrupted.
5. NAT can degrade network performance.
Static NAT and Port forwarding
Port Forwarding
Port Address Translation
1. Specify the inside and outside interface.
2. Specify local address
3. Specify global address
4. Specify NAT type and ip NAT inside source
Port Address Translation
Configuring Static Inside IPv4 NAT and
Port Forwarding
Configuring Dynamic IPv4 Inside NAT
