Materials and Structures Laboratory
EXPERIMENT NO: 10
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR TIMBER
AIM: To evaluate Young’s Modulus of elasticity for a given wooden beam specimen.
APPARATUS: Wooden beam, Dial Gauge, Simple Supports, Weights, Scale
THEORY:
Two methods for determining Young’s modulus of elasticity:
1) Direct Method
2) Indirect Method
Direct method for determining Young’s Modulus of elasticity is to load the specimen up to
yield point or elastic limit and to plot the graph of stress (σ) v/s strain (ϵ). The slope of this
graph is the Young’s Modulus of elasticity for the material.
But in case of timber, following problems will occurs in adopting this direct method for
determining “E” value.
1) It is difficult to cast specimen like Mild Steel.
2) There are heavy gripping stresses at the two gripping ends. So ends are fails by
crushing before it reaches yield value.
3) Possibility of slippage of ends because of no proper gripping.
4) It is difficult to get definite yield point.
Therefore, we adopt an indirect method for determining Young’s Modulus of elasticity (E)
for timber. We adopt deflection theory as an indirect means for determining Young’s
Modulus of elasticity for timber.
Deflection: It is the displacement of a point basically in the point of loading direction with
respect to some fixed datum under external loading. It is always measured in “mm” or “cm”.
1
Materials and Structures Laboratory
𝑑 𝑦
𝐸𝐼 = 𝑀
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑦 𝑃𝑋
𝐸𝐼 =
𝑑𝑥 2
Integrating both sides,
𝑑𝑦 𝑃 𝑋
𝐸𝐼 = + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑃𝑋
𝐸𝐼 = + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑥 4
𝑙 𝑑𝑦
𝐴𝑡 𝑋 = , =0
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑃𝑙
𝐶1 = −
16
𝑑𝑦 𝑃𝑋 𝑃𝑙
𝐸𝐼 = −
𝑑𝑥 4 16
Integrating both sides,
𝑃𝑋 𝑃𝑙
𝐸𝐼 𝑦 = − 𝑋 + 𝐶2
12 16
𝐴𝑡 𝑋 = 0 , 𝑦 = 0
𝐶2 = 0
2
Materials and Structures Laboratory
𝑃𝑋 𝑃𝑙
𝐸𝐼 𝑦 = − 𝑋
12 16
𝑃𝑙 𝑃𝑙
𝐸𝐼 𝑦 = −
96 32
𝑃𝑙
𝑦 =−
48 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑙
𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝛿 =−
48 𝐸𝐼
Where, P = externally applied load in “N”.
l = span of the beam in “m”.
E = modulus of elasticity in N/mm2.
I = moment of inertia in “mm”.
SPECIMEN: Wooden specimen of size 22.5mm X 45 mm c/s and 1000mm length.
IS codal provisions for Static Bending Test
Criteria IS 1708-1986 IS 1708-1986
Dimension of specimen 5 X 5 X 75 cm 2 X 2X 30 cm
Span 70 cm 28 cm
Span : Depth ratio 14 14
Radius of loading block 75 mm 30 mm
PROCEDURE:
Measure the dimensions of the specimens.
Take the initial reading of the dial gauge.
Now apply the load in increasing order and tabulate the corresponding readings.
Plot the graph of load v/s deflection and find the graphical value of “E”.
Doing necessary calculations find the theoretical value of E.
Compare both the values of E.
3
Materials and Structures Laboratory
Experimental Setup: (IS 1708-1986: Part-5)
OBSERVATIONS:
1) Span of beam (L) = mm
2) Width of beam (B) = mm
3) Depth of beam (D) = mm
4) Least count of dial gauge = mm
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Sr LOAD DIAL GAUGE DEFLECTION E = Pl3/48δI AVG.
No. (N) READINGS δ= (N/mm2) “E”
DIFFRENCE * (N/mm2)
L.C (mm)
initial Final Difference
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
Materials and Structures Laboratory
CALCULATIONS:
1) Young’s modulus of elasticity (E) from experiment:
𝑃𝑙
𝐸 =
48𝐸𝐼
2) Young’s modulus of elasticity (E) from experiment:
𝐸 = ∗ 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃 − 𝛿 Graph
RESULT:
Young’s modulus of elasticity (E) for given mild steel specimen is
𝐸 = 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝐸 = 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
CONCLUSION:
