College Chemistry B/C
(General Chemistry B/C)
Mei Shi
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
Content
1. Introduction
2. History of Chemistry
3. Chemistry and its basic concepts
4. States of matter
1. Introduction
Textbook
T. Brown et al, Chemistry, the central science 13ed
Contact info.
[email protected]
Office hour
2.00 – 3.30 pm, every Saturday
B411, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,
Nanhu campus
Lab
B503, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,
Nanhu campus
1. Introduction
Class Rules
• No cheating
• No phones
• Sit quietly in class (respect)
• Be in class on time (respect)
• Use office hour
• No cheating
1. Introduction
Suggestions
• Study hard and you’ll do fine
• Read the text prior to class
• Ask me questions (not the person next to you)
• Make useful suggestions for improving
lectures
• Use online resources
1. Introduction–Syllabus
Lecture (32 hrs)
Ø Introduction 2 hrs
Ø Thermodynamics and Kinetics 8 hrs;
Ø Acid and Base 7 hrs;
Ø Complex Compounds 2 hrs;
Ø Reduce and Oxidation 4 hrs;
Ø Structural Chemistry 8 hrs;
Ø Review 1 hrs
Experiment (8 hrs)
Enthalpy determination; complex compound titration;
acid-base titration and buffer properties
1. Introduction
Mechanical
Mining Safety
Engineering
40 32
Course Hours
(Lecture & Experiments) (Lecture)
Homework handing-in After every chapter
Final exam(70%)
Final exam(70%)
Class and homework
Score Class and homework
performances (15%)
performances (30%)
Experiment(15%)
Statistics of the last test (2017): 5 passed + 6 failed
< 50% > 50%
2. History of
Chemistry
Early
Chemistry
Ø Quantum Chemistry
Ø Development and Ø Biochemistry
dismantle of Phlogiston Ø Computational Chemistry
Ø Kinetic theory of gas
Medieval Ø conservation of mass Modern
Alchemy Ø Electrochemistry Chemistry
1700 1900
1800 2000
Developing
Period Interdiscipline
Ø Atomic theory
Ø the law of conservation engergy
Ø Spectroscopy
Ø Mendeleev’s Periodic table
Ø Chemical kinetics
Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemsitry Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry Polymer chemistry
Physical Chemistry Theoretical Chemistry
3.1 Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure,
properties, and changes of matter.
3.1 Chemistry
Chemical reaction– a substance combines with another
to form new substance, or alternatively decomposes
into two or more substances.
3.2 Basic concepts
Elements are substance that cannot decompose into
simpler substance.
3.2 Basic concepts
Ø Compounds – are substances composed of two or
more elements.
Ø Pure substances – is a matter that has distinct
properties and a composition that does not vary from
samples to samples.
Ø Mixture – are combination of two or more substances
in which each substance retains its chemical identity.
3.2 Basic concepts
Ø Physical properties can be observed without
changing the identity and composition of the
substance.
Ø Chemical properties describe the way a substance
may change, or react , to form other substance.
Ø Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of
sample.
Ø Extensive properties depend on the amount of
sample.
Ø Physical change – a substance changes its physical
appearance but not its composition.
Ø Chemical change – a substance is transformed into
a chemically different substance.
3.2 Basic concepts
Unit of measurement – SI Unit
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation
Mass Kilogram kg
Length Meter m
Time Second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of substance Mole mol
Electric current Ampere A or amp
Luminous intensity Candela cd
3.2 Basic concepts
Type of concentrations
nomenclature Molar conc. Molality Mole fraction Mass fraction
x (liquid)
symbol c b w
y (gas)
definition # #& #& '&
!= %= ) +, - = /=
$ '( ∑ #& ∑ '&
SI Unit mol/m3 mol/kg - -
mol/dm3 ppm, ppb, ppt ppm, ppb, ppt
Other units -
mol/L
3.2 Basic concepts
States of matter - Gas, liquid and solid
A phase is a homogeneous
part of the system in contact
with other parts of the system
but separated from them by
well-defined boundary.
States of matter
State of Motion of
Volume/shape Density Compressibility
matter molecules
Assumes the volume and Very free
Gas Low Very compressible
shape of its container motion
Has a definite volume but Slide past
Only slightly
Liquid assumes the shape of its High one another
compressible
container freely
Vibrate
Ha a definite volume and Virtually
Solid High about fixed
shape incompressible
positions
States of matter
4.1 Gas
1. The gas laws
Boyle’s law
pV = constant
Charles’s law
V/T = constant
Avogadro’s law
V/n = constant
4.1 Gas
2. The ideal gas equation
!" = $%&
p – pressure, Pa or kPa V – volume of the gas, m3, dm3 or L
n – the amount of substance, mol T – temperature, K
R – gas constant, 8.314 J∙K-1∙mol-1
Characteristics of the ideal gas
(a) The molecules of the ideal gas do not interact with
one another.
(b) The molecules take up no space in the container.
