Choice Based Credit System(CBCS)

GURUKULA KANGRI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,

HARIDWAR

DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, CULTURE AND

ARCHAEOLOGY

POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME

(Courses effective from Academic Year 2015-16)

SYLLABUS OF COURSES TO BE OFFERED

Core & Elective Courses

0
Programme Objectives :-

• To have a broad knowledge of theory and research across archaeology and the
sub-disciplines of archaeology.
• To get an overview of archaeological and texual sources in a way that reveals a
comprehensive understanding and a critical perspective.
• To be able to present critical analyses of research in public forums.
• To demonstrate the ability to collect and analyze archaeological data.
• To successfully master appropriate archaeological research methods, including
statistical analysis.
• To collect, analyze, and interpret archaeological data in a way that adds to the
understanding of cultural heritage in proper context
• To provide with an archaeologically informed description and understanding of
commonalities and differences of human ways of life and thinking.
• To demonstrate a mastery of the design and administration of anthropological
research.
• To develop ability to critically question seemingly universal models of thought,
value orientations, and practices.

Learning Outcomes:
After completing this programme the students will be able to develop
critical thinking towards ancient Indian history, culture & archaeology. They will
be familiar with the political, cultural, social and religious history of ancient India.
All the major phases of ancient Indian history from pre-history to early medieval
history of India is covered in this programme. This course also comprises science
and archaeology, art, architecture, iconography, epigraphy, palaeography and
numismatics.

1
 DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY,
CULTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY
GURUKULA KANGRI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, HARIDWAR
DSC/ DSE Subject Subject Title Period Per Evaluation Scheme Subject
Code Week Total
Sessional ESE
L T Credit C T
T A
M.A. I Year
Semester-I
DSC-1 MHS-101 History: Theory, Concept and Ancient 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
Indian Historiography
DSC-2 MHS-102 Political History of India (from the 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
earliest time to 184 B.C.)
DSC-3 MHS-103 Political History of India (from 185 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
B.C. to 650 A.D.)
DSC-4 MHS-104 Social History of Ancient India (from 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
the earliest time to 1200 A.D.)
Total 24 400
Semester-II
DSC-5 MHS-201 Political History of North India (from 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
651 A.D. to 1200 A.D.)
DSC-6 MHS-202 Political History of South India (from 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
mid 600 A.D. to 1200 A.D.)
DSC-7 MHS-203 Economic History of Ancient India 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
(from the earliest time to 1200 A.D.)
DSC-8 MHS-204 Field Archaeology 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
Total 24 400
M.A. II Year
Semester-III
DSC-9 MHS-301 Indian Pre-history 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSC-10 MHS-302 Indian Proto-history and Early 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
historical period
Elective (Any two)
DSE-1 MHS-303 Elective 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSE-2 MHS-304 Elective 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSE-3 MHS-305 Elective 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSE-4 MHS-306 Elective 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
Total 24 400
Semester-IV
DSC-11 MHS-401 Indian Archtechture 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSC-12 MHS-402 Indian Art and Iconography 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
Elective (Any two)
DSE-5 MHS-403 Elective 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSE-6 MHS-404 Elective / Dissertation 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSE-7 MHS-405 Elective 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
DSE-8 MHS-406 Elective 5 1 6 20 10 70 100
Total 24 400
G Total 96
L = Lecture T = Tutorial P = Practical CT = Cumulative Test

TA = Teacher Assessment ESE = End Semester Exam

2
 DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY,
CULTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY
GURUKULA KANGRI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, HARIDWAR

Semester –III
Discipline Specific Elective Course (DSE) Any Two

CODE SUBJECT TITLE SESSIONAL ESE TOTAL

DSE 1 Ancient Indian Paleography and Epigraphy 30 70 100
DSE 2 Ancient Indian Numismatics 30 70 100
DSE 3 Central Asia, Tibet and China 30 70 100
DSE 4 Cultural relation between India and South-East Asia 30 70 100

Semester –IV
Discipline Specific Elective Course (DSE) Any Two

CODE SUBJECT TITLE SESSIONAL ESE TOTAL

DSE 5 Indian Culture and Thought 30 70 100
DSE 6 Archaeology and Applied Science 30 70 100
DSE 7 Ancient Civilizations of World 30 70 100
DSE 8 Ancient Indian Political thought and Administration 30 70 100

3
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-1)
Code-MHS-101
History : Theory, Concept and Ancient Indian Historiography
Semester – Ist
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course objectives:
The primary objective of this course is to introduce the major theories and research methodology
being adopted in historical research. Besides, the need for the application of synthesis and positive
criticism in an archaeological research are taught in detail. This will serve as a base for the students
intending to pursue search degrees in the discipline.
Course Outcome:
By the end of the course students will be able to understand basic features of various theories and
thoughts used in archaeological interpretations; formulate a research proposal and decide on
appropriate materials and methods of analysis; present the findings and the process of conducting
research in written and verbal formats.

Unit- I Meaning & Scope of History (10 Lect.)

a. Meaning , definition Aims of History

b. Scope and Subject matter of History

Unit-II History and other disciplines (14 Lect.)

a. Archaeology, Geography, Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, Political

Science and Literature

Unit-III Tradition of Historical Writing (20 Lect.)

a. Indian Tradition: Vedic, Puranic, Buddhist and Jain Tradition

b. Foreign Tradition: Greco-Roman Tradition and Chinese Tradition

Unit-IV Approaches of History (13 Lect.)

a. Orientalist, Imperialist, Nationalist, Marxist and Subaltern.

Unit-V Historiography: Trends and Historians (18 Lect.)

a. Ancient Indian Historian: Banbhatt, Bilhan, Jayanak and Kalhan.

b. Modern Historians: V. Smith, D.D. Kosambi, K.P. Jayaswal and R.C.
Majumdar.

4
Suggested Readings

1. Pargitar, F. E., Ancient Indian Historical Tradition.

2. Singh, G.P., Ancient Indian Historiography.
3. Goshal, U. N., The Beginnings of Indian Historiography and other Essays.
4. Collingwood, R.G., The Idea of History.
5. Majumdar, R. K. and Srivastava, N. N., Historiography.
6. Renier, G. I., History, its purpose and methods.
7. Rowse, A. L., The use of History.
8. Philip, Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon.
9. Barnes, H. E., A History of Historical writing.
10. Clark, G. N., Historic Scholarship and Historical thought.
11. Thomson, David, Aims of History.
12. Gardnier, R., Theory of History.
13. Sheik Ali, B., History: Its Theory and Method.
14. Toynbee, The study of History (Three Vol. by summervil).
15. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of History.
16. Dray, W., Explaining what is History.
17. Dkj] bZ0 ,p0] bfrgkl D;k gS \
18. dkSf'kd] ds0 ch0] bfrgkl n'kZu ,oa izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ys[kuA
19. ik.Ms] xksfoUnpUn] bfrgkl] Lo#i ,oa fl)kUrA
20. izdk'k] cq)] bfrgkl n'kZuA
21. pkScs] >kj[k.Ms] bfrgkl n'kZuA
22. egkpk;Z] jek'kadj] bfrgkl iqjk.k dk vuq'khyuA
23. flag] ijekuUn] bfrgkl n'kZuA
24. flUgk] ,0 ds0] bfrgkl] ewY; vkSj vFkZ
25. xqIrk] ekf.kd yky] bfrgkl] Lo#i] vo/kkj.kk ,oa mi;ksfxrkA
26. ljdkj] lqfer] lkekftd bfrgkl ys[ku dh pqukSrhA
27. 'kekZ] cyjkt] bfrgkl dk bfrgklA
28. iapky] ,p0 lh0 ,oa c?ksy] ,p0 ,l0] bfrgkl ds fl)kar ,oa i)fr;k¡A
29. ik.Ms] ykyrk izlkn] Hkkjrh; bfrgkl n”kZuA
30. okMZj] ,0 ds0] ¼vuqoknd txUukFk vxzoky½ Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ys[ku dh HkwfedkA

5
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-2)
Code-MHS-102
Political History of India ( from the earliest time to 184 B.C. )
Semester – Ist
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objective:
It is a base paper for the student of ancient Indian history. All the archaeological discoveries are
made based on the historical inputs. Without historical chronology, archaeological objects can not
be dated. At the same time for all the historical writing archaeological data are very much essential.
By learning this paper, students gain historical back ground for his research.
Course Outcome:
After completing this course students will have a familiarity with the sources and political settings
of India upto 184 B.C. Student will also be well versed with different analytical approaches and
models of interpretation.

Unit-I (a) Sources of Ancient Indian History: Literary and

Archaeological (15 Lect.)

(b) Pre-historic Cultures: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Cultures.

Unit-II Proto-historic Cultures (20 Lect.)

(a) Harappan Civilization-Origin, Extent, dominant features and decline

(b) Early and Later Vedic Period: Literature, Political institutions, social and
economic condition, religious practices and ideas.

Unit-III Janpadas and Mahajanpadas (12 Lect.)

(a) Territorial states: Monarchial and Republican.

(b) Religious movement: Jainism and Buddhism.

Unit-IV Towards Empire (12 Lect.)

(a) Rise of Magadha Empire, (Bimbisara to Nanda dynasty)

(b) Foreign Invasions: Iranian and Macedonian Invasion.

Unit-V Emergence and Growth of Mauryan Empire (16 Lect.)

(a) Origin and rise of Mauryan Empire, Ashoka’s Dhamma.

(b) Administration and Decline
6
Suggested Readings
1. Majumdar, R. C. and A. D. Pusalker, Vedic Age.
2. Majumdar, R. C. and A. D. Pusalker, The Age of Imperial unity.
3. Kosambi, D. D., An Introduction to the study of Indian History.
4. Thapar, Romila, Ashoka and the decline of the Mauryas.
5. Thapar, Romila, Recent Perspectives of early Indian History.
6. Shastri, Neelkanth, Comprehensive History of India, Vol.-II.
7. Sharma, R.S, India’s Ancient past.
8. Singh, Upinder, A history of Ancient and Early medieval India.
9. jk;pkS/kjh] ,p0 lh0] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuSfrd bfrgklA
10. >k] Mh0 ,u0 ,oa Jheky] —‘.keksgu] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
11. xks;y] Jhjke] oSfnd ,oe~ tuin ;qxhu HkkjrA
12. 'kkL=h] uhyd.B] uUn&ekS;Z ;qxhu HkkjrA
13. ik.Ms;] jkefugksj] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuSfrd bfrgkl] Hkkx & 1] 2A
14. ik.Ms;] ,l0 ds0] izkphu HkkjrA
15. Fkkij] jksfeyk] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
16. Fkkij] jksfeyk] v”kksd vkSj ekS;Z lkezkT; dk iruA
17. Ckk”ke] ,0 ,y0] vn~Hkqr HkkjrA
18. JhokLro] ds0 lh0] izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa laL—frA
19. eq[kthZ] vkj0 ds0] fgUnw lH;rkA
20. eq[kthZ] vkj0 ds0] pUnzxqIr ekS;Z vkSj mldk dkyA
21. FkiY;ky] fdj.k dqekj ,oa 'kqDy] ladVk izlkn] flU/kq lH;rkA
22. mik/;k;] Hkxor~ “kj.k] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd bfrgklA
23. mik/;k;] Hkjrflag] cq)dkyhu Hkkjrh; HkwxksyA
24. xqIrk] nsosUnz] izkphu Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkkA
25. ?kks’k] uxsUnz ukFk] Hkkjr dk izkphu bfrgklA
26. oekZ] jk/kkdkar] Hkkjrh; izkxSfrgkfld laL—fr;k¡A
27. “kekZ] ,y0 ih0] izkphu Hkkjr A
28. “kekZ] jkds”k] izkphu Hkkjr esa lEizHkqrkA
29. “kekZ] jkds”k] izkphu Hkkjr esa /kkfeZd lfg’.kqrkA
30. “kekZ] vkj0 ,l0] izkjfEHkd Hkkjr dk ifjp;A
31. flUgk] foUns”ojh izlkn] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
32. feJ] “;ke euksgj] lSa/ko laLÑfrA

7
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-3)
Code-MHS-103
Political History of India (from 185 BC to 650 AD)
Semester – Ist
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objective:
It is the another important paper for the student. This course will help students to gain historical
back ground for their research.
Course Outcome:
After completing this course students will have a familiarity with the sources and political settings
from 185 B.C. to 650 C.E. Student will also be well versed with different analytical approaches and
models of interpretation.

Unit-I Post-Mauryan Period (14 Lect.)

a. Śunga and Kanva dynasty
b. Indo-Greeks, Sakas and Pahalavas

Unit-II Kushana’s Dynasty (11 Lect.)

a. Origin, Rise, Decline and Cultural Impact.

Unit-III Sangam Age (18 Lect.)

a. Period and Literature Political Condition and Religious Beliefs, Society
and Economy.
Satavahana dynasty

b. Origin, Rise and Decline.

Unit-IV The Rise & Growth of the Gupta Empire (18 Lect.)
(a) Origin, Rise and Decline, Gupta-Vakatakas relation.
(b) Administration, Literature, Science and Technology.

Unit-V Post Gupta Period (14 Lect.)

(a) Pusyabhuti and Maukhari Dynasty: Expansion of state and administration.
(b) Hunas invasion and its impacts.

8
Suggested Readings

1. Narain, A. K., The Indo - Greeks.

2. Majumdar, R.C, Classical Age.

3. Kosambi, D.D., An Introduction to the study of Indian History.

4. Mukherjee, B. N., Rise and Fall of the Kushana Empire.

5. Sharma , R. S., Recent Perspectives of early Indian History.

6. Sharma, R.S, India’s Ancient past.

7. Singh, Upinder, A history of Ancient and Early medieval India.

8. Agrawal Ashvini, Rise and fall of the Imperial Guptas.

9. jk;pkS/kjh] ,p0 lh0] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuSfrd bfrgklA
10. >k] Mh0 ,u0 vkSj Jhekyh] —‘.keksgu] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
11. xks;y] Jhjke] ex/k] lkrokgu ,oa dq’kk.k lkezkT;ksa dk ;qxA
12. xks;y] Jhjke] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl [k.M & 2 ¼xqIr vkSj okdkVd
lkezkT;ksa dk ;qx½
13. xks;y] Jhjke] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl [k.M & ekS[kjh] iq’;Hkwfr vkSj pkyqD;
;qxA
14. ik.Ms;] jkefugksj] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuSfrd bfrgkl] Hkkx & 1] 2A
15. ik.Ms;] jkefugksj] laxe ;qxA
16. feJ] “;ke euksgj] laxe ;qxA
17. Fkkij] jksfeyk] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
18. ck'ke] ,0 ,y0] vn~Hkqr HkkjrA
19. csUtkfeu] ch0 ,u0] ekS[kfj dkyhu mÙkj HkkjrA
20. ikaFkjh] Hkxorh izlkn] jktoa'k % ekS[kjh vkSj iq’;HkwfrA
21. JhokLro] ds0 lh0] izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa laL—frA
22. Osnkyadkj] gfjnÙk] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd ,oa lkaL—frd bfrgklA
23. xqIr] ih0 ,y0] xqIr lkezkT;A
24. tk;loky] iz”kkUr dqekj] “kd dkyhu HkkjrA
25. vkpk;Z] jkenso] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] Hkkx 1] 2A
26. xqIrk] nsosUnz] izkphu Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa vFkZ O;oLFkkA
27. dIkwj] ;nquUnu] g’kZA
28. mik/;k;] oklqnso] xqIr lkezkT; dk bfrgkl] izFke [k.MA
29. “kekZ] jkds”k] izkphu Hkkjr esa /kkfeZd lfg’.kqrkA
30. “kekZ] vkj0 ,l0] izkjfEHkd Hkkjr dk ifjp;A
31. “kekZ] ,y0 ih0] izkphu Hkkjr A
32. Ikk.Ms;] ,l0 ds0] izkphu HkkjrA
9
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-4)
Code-MHS-104
Social History of Ancient India
( from the earliest time to 1200A.D. )
Semester – Ist
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours

Course Objective:
This paper deals with the development of social organizations from early times to the Early
Medieval period in India. Students will clearly understand how the simple society attained complex
forms and how they contributed to the development of cultural elements in India.
Course Outcome:
Upon successful completion, students will have a clear understanding of how the simple society
attained complex forms and how they contributed to the development of cultural elements in India.
Unit-I Social Structure (12 Lect.)
a. origin and development of Varnas, Duties and their rights.
b. origin and proliferation of Jāti (Castes)

Unit-II Aspect of Society (12 Lect.)

a. Ashrama and Pruṣārtha
b. Sanskaras and form of Marriage

Unit-III Family Institutions and Slavery (17 Lect.)

a. Family: Meaning, Definition, Joint Family, Duty and rights of family
members.
b. Origin and development of slavery.

Unit-IV Women in Ancient India (17 Lect.)

a. Social status: Women education, Niyoga system, custom of Sati, Devdasi,
Prostitutes, widow remarriage.
b. Economic Conditions: Stri Dhana and Property rights.

Unit-V Ancient Indian Education System (17 Lect.)

a. Objective of Education, Education system and subject matter
b. Major Education Centers – Taxila, Kashi, Nalanda, Vikramsila and Valabhi.

10
Suggested Readings
1. Altekar, A.S., Position of Women in Hindu civilization.
2. Prabhu, P. H., Hindu Social Organization.
3. Mookherji, R. K., Ancient Indian Education.
4. Bose, A. N., Social and Rural Economy of Northern India.
5. Sahu, B. P. (Ed.), Land system and Rural Society in Early India.
6. Majumdar, B. P., Socio - Economic History of Northern India.
7. Yadav, B.N.S., Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth century.
8. Atlekar, A.S. , Education in Ancient India.
9. Sinha, S.N., Basu. N.K., Woman in Ancient India.
10. Vishnoi, Savita, Economic Status of women in Ancient India.
11. Ramgopal, India of Vedic Kalpasutras.
12. Apte, V.M., Social and Religious life of the Ghrayasutras.

13. 'kekZ] vkj0 ,l0] 'kwnzksa dk izkphu bfrgklA

14. 'kekZ] vkj0 ,l0] izkjfEHkd Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd bfrgklA
15. xqIrk nsosUnz] izkphu Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkkA
16. vkse izdk'k] izkphu Hkkjr dk lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd bfrgklA
17. dk.ks] ih0 ch0] /keZ'kkL=ksa dk bfrgkl] Hkkx & 1 A
18. pkuuk] nsojkt] izkphu Hkkjr esa nkl izFkkA
19. tkSgjh] euksjek] izkphu Hkkjr esa o.kkZJe O;oLFkkA
20. osnkyadkj] gfjnÙk] fgUnw ifjokj ehekalkA
21. osnkyadkj] gfjnÙk] fgUnw fookg dk laf{kIr bfrgklA
22. vYrsdj] ,0 ,l0] izkphu Hkkjrh; f'k{k.k i)frA
23. feJ] t;'kadj] izkphu Hkkjr dk lkekftd bfrgklA
24. Ikk.Ms;] vt; dqekj] izkphu Hkkjr esa lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd ifjorZuA
25. ikBd] jf”e] izkphu Hkkjr dk lkekftd bfrgklA
26. Tkk;loky] lqfojk] tkfr o.kZ&O;oLFkk] mnHko] izdk;Z vkSj #ikUrj.kA
27. Fkkij] jksfeyk] izkphu Hkkjr dk lkekftd bfrgklA
28. pksiM+k] ih0,u0] Hkkjr dk lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd vkSj vkfFkZd bfrgklA
29. Ikk.Ms;] jktcyh] fgUnw laLdkjA

11
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-5)
Code-MHS-201
Political History of North India
( from 651 A.D. to 1200 A.D. )
Semester – IInd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objective:
This paper is aimed to familiarize the core historical political development of north India for the
student of ancient Indian history.
Course Outcome:
After completing this course students will have a familiarity with the sources and political settings
of north India from 6th to 13th cent CE. Student will also be well versed with different analytical
approaches and models of interpretation.

Unit-I (a) Origin of Rajputs (11 Lect.)

(b) Invasions of Arabs and Turks and their Impacts.

Unit-II (a) Gurjara Pratiharas (With special reference to Vatsraj,

Nagbhatta IInd and Mihirbhoj) (16 Lect.)
(b) Palas (with special reference to Dharmpal, Devpal and Mahipal)

Unit-III (a) Shahi of Kabul and Punjab (16 Lect.)

(b) Chandellas (with special reference to Yashoverma, Dhang and Vidyadhar)

Unit-IV (a) Western Chalukyas and Solanki (with special reference to Jaisingh Siddharaj
and Kumarpal) (16 Lect.)
(b) Parmaras (with special reference to Munja and Bhoj)

Unit-V (a) Chahmanas (with special reference to Vigraraj IV and

Prithviraj IInd) (16 Lect.)
(c) Gahadwalas (with special reference to Govindchand, Vijaychand and
Jaichand )

12
Suggested Readings

1. Majumdar, R.C. and A.D. Pusalker, The Age of Imperial Kannauj.

2. Majumdar, R.C. and A.D. Pusalker, Struggle for Empire.

3. Majumdar, R.C. and A.D. Pusalker, History of Bengal.

4. Ray , H. C., Dynestic History of Northern India, Vol. 2.

5. Tripathi , R. S., History of Kannauj.

6. Puri, B. N., Gurjara - Pratiharas.

7. Bhatia, P., The Paramaras.

8. Chattopadhyaya, B.D., The Making of Early Medieval India.

9. Yadav , B.N.S., Society and culture of Northern India in the Twelfth century.

10. Ganguly, D. C., History of the Paramaras.

11. Bose, N.S., History of the Chandelas.

12. jk;pkS/kjh] gsepUnz] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuSfrd bfrgklA
13. xks;y] Jhjke] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] Hkkx &3A
14. ikBd] fo'kq)kuUn] mÙkj Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd bfrgklA
15. flag] jkeo`{k] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd bfrgkl] Hkkx & 2A
16. voLFkh] vo/k fcgkjh yky] jktiwr jktoa'kA
17. vks>k] xkSjh'kadj ghjkpUnz] jktiwrkus dk bfrgklA
18. JhokLro] ds0 lh0] izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa laL—frA

13
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-6)
Code-MHS-202
Political History of South India
(from mid 600 A.D. to 1200 A.D. )
Semester – IInd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours

Course Objective:
This paper is aimed to familiarize the core historical political development of south India for the
student of ancient Indian history.
Course Outcome:
After completing this course students will have a familiarity with the sources and political settings
of south India from 6th to 13th cent CE. Student will also be well versed with different analytical
approaches and models of interpretation.
Unit-I Chalukyas of Vatapi (with special reference to Manglesh
and Pulkesin-II) (11 Lect.)

Unit-II Pallvas Dynasty (with special reference to Narsingh

Varman-I and Nandi Varman-II) (11 Lect.)

Unit-III Rashtrakutas Dynasty (with special reference to Dantidurga, Dhruv

Dharavarsh, Govind-III, Amoghvarsh and Krishna-III) (18 Lect.)

Unit-IV Cholas Dynasty (with special reference to Parantak-I,Rajraj-I and Rajendra-I),

Administration of Cholas. (17 Lect.)

Unit-V Western Chalukyas of Kalyani (with special reference to Tailap-II,

Someshwar-I and Vikramaditya-VI) (18 Lect.)
Pandayas Dynasty (with special reference to Sundar Panday-I and
Marvarman Kulshekhar) (

14
Suggested Readings

1. Altekar , A.S., Rashtrakutas and their times.

2. Chattopadhyaya , B.D., The Making of Early Medieval India.
3. Shastri, K.A.N., The Cholas.
4. Ik.Ms;] jkefugksj] nf{k.k Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
5. xks;y] Jhjke] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] Hkkx &3A
6. flag] jkeo`{k] izkphu Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd bfrgkl Hkkx & 2A
7. JhokLro] cyjke] iYyo bfrgkl vkSj mldh vk/kkj lkexzhA
8. xks;y] Jhjke, nf{k.k Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
9. ;ktnkuh] th0] ¼lEiknd½] nDdu dk bfrgklA
10. fo”odekZ] vkj0 ,u0] okrkih ds pkyqD; vkSj mudk dkyA
11. JhokLro] ds0 lh0] izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa laL—fr
12. 'kkL=h] uhydaB] nf{k.k Hkkjr dk bfrgklA
13. flag] vt; dqekj] nf{k.k Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd bfrgklA
14. feJ] “;ke euksgj] nf{k.k Hkkjr dk bfrgklA

15
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-7)
Code-MHS-203
Economic History of Ancient India
(from the earliest time to 1200 A.D.)
Semester – IInd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objective:
This paper deals with the development of economic organizations from early times to the Early
Medieval period in India. Students will clearly understand how the simple society and economy
attained complex forms and how they contributed to the development of cultural elements in India.
Course Outcome:
Upon successful completion, students will have a clear understanding of how the simple society and
economy attained complex forms and how they contributed to the development of cultural elements
in India.

Unit-I Early Farming Communities (14 Lect.)

a. Pastoralism and incipient farming.
b. Harappan civilization: Agriculture, Industry , Trade and Commerce.
c. Vedic economy.

Unit-II Second urbanization (14 Lect.)

a. Agricultural expansion, Industry, Inter regional and maritime trade.
b. Trade routes, Trade and Craft guilds, Coins and Currency.

Unit-III Mauryan and Post Mauryan development (20 Lect.)

a. Mauryas: Agriculture, Industry, Trade and Commerce.
b. Sangam Age: Agriculture expansion, Industry and Indo-Roman Trade.
c. Satavahana and Kushana period: Agriculture, Industry, Inter regional and
maritime trade, Trade routes including silk and spice routes, Guild
organization, Land Grants, Coins and currency.

Unit-IV Age of Guptas (14Lect.)

a. Agriculture, Industry, Internal and External trade.
b. Trade and Trade routs, Coins and Currency, Guild organization, Land grants.

Unit-V Early medieval period (13 Lect.)

a. Origin and development of Feudalism and Land Grants.
b. Coins and Currency, Interest and Land revenue.

16
Suggested Readings
1. Gopal, L., Economic life of Northern India.
2. Bandopadhayaya, N. C., Economic life and progress in Ancient India.
3. Maity, S. K., Economic life of Northern India in the Gupta Period
4. Buch, M. A., Economic life in Ancient India.
5. Chakraborti, H. P., Trade and Commerce in Ancient India.
6. Bose, A. N., Social and Rural Economy of northern India.
7. Adhaya, G. L., Early Indian Economic.
8. Singh, A. K., Indo - Roman Trade
9. Sahu, B. P. (Ed.), Land system and Rural Society in Early India.
10. Majumdar, B. P., Socio - Economic History of Northern India.
11. N. Jayapalan, Economic History of India.

12. “kekZ] vkj0,l0] izkjfEHkd Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd bfrgklA

13. “kekZ] vkj0,l0] Hkkjrh; lkeUroknA
14. xqIrk] nsosUnz] izkphu Hkkjr esa O;kikjA
15. xqIrk] nsosUnz] izkphu Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkkA
16. eksrhpUnz] lkFkZokgA
17. ;kno] vPNs yky] izkphu Hkkjr esa —f’kA
18. vkse izdk'k] izkphu Hkkjr dk lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd bfrgklA
19. oktisbZ] ds0 Mh0] fons'kh O;kikj dk bfrgklA
20. jk;] uUnth] izkphu Hkkjr esa ;krk;kr ds lk/kuA
21. ?kks’kky] ;w0 ,u0] fgUnw jktLo O;oLFkk dk bfrgklA
22. ;kno] lqjsUnz flag] izkphu Hkkjr esa O;kolkf;d lewg ,oa f”kYiA
23. JhokLro] izos”k dqekj] xqIr dkyhu uxj ,oa O;kikjA
24. FkiY;ky] ds0ds0 ,oa “kqDy] ladVk izlkn] flU/kq lH;rkA
25. vxzoky] ochrk] izkphu Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkkA
26. ik.Ms;] vt; dqekj] izkphu Hkkjr esa lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd ifjorZuA
27. xgykSr] ch0,l0] vkfFkZd fopkjksa dk bfrgklA
28. pkS/kjh] jk/kkÑ’.k ,oa dqekj] v”kksd] izkphu Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd bfrgklA
29. pksiM+k ih0,u0] Hkkjr dk lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd vkSj vkfFkZd bfrgklA
30. ik.Ms;] jke fugksj] laxe ;qx
31. mik/;k;] oklqnso] izkphu Hkkjrh; eqnzk,¡A

17
 M.A. Ist year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-8)
Code-MHS-204
Field Archaeology
Semester – IInd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Note:- the question paper shall consist of three sections (Sec.-A, Sec.-B and Sec.-C). Sec.-A shall contain
10 objective type questions of one mark each and student shall be required to attempt all questions.
Sec.-B shall contain 10 short answer type questions of four marks each and student shall be required to
attempt any five questions. Sec.-C shall contain 8 descriptive type questions of ten marks each and
student shall be required to attempt any four questions. Questions shall be uniformly distributed from
the entire syllabus. The previous year paper/model paper can be used as a guideline and the following
syllabus should be strictly followed while setting the question paper.

Unit-I Origin and Development (12 Lect.)

(a) Definition, Meaning and Scope Archaeology.
(b) History of Archaeology in Global context
(c) Developmental stages of Archaeology in India

Unit-II Archaeology and Allied Science (12 Lect.)

(a) Relation of Archaeology with Humanities
(d) Relation of Archaeology with Natural Science
(e) Indian Antiquarian law

Unit-III Exploration (17 Lect.)

(a) Aims, objectives, Survey Team and Tools Kit for Exploration.
(b) Survey Methods- Traditional and Scientific.

Unit-IV Excavation (17 Lect.)

(a) Aims and objectives of Excavation, types and configuration.
(b) Documentation of Archaeological remains.

Unit-V Dating Methods (17 Lect.)

(a) Relative Dating Method: Stratigraphy, Typology, Cross-Dating,
Geomorphological methods, Paleontology, Fluorine analysis, Polynology
analysis
(b) Absolute Dating Method: Varve analysis, Dendrochronology, Radio-Carbon
dating, Potassium-Argon and Thermoluminescence dating method

18
Suggested Readings

1. Raman, K. V., Principle and Methods of Archaeology.

2. Hendricks, Rhoda A., Archaeology made simple.

3. White, Anne terry, All about Archaeology.

4. Matthew Johnson, Archaeological Theory- An Introduction

5. Hodder Ian, Reading the Past- Current approaches to interpretation in Archaeology.

6. Whitley, D.S., Reader in Archaeology theory: Post- procession & cognitive

Approaches.

7. Renfew, C. and Bahn Paul, Archaeology: Theories Methods and Practice.

8. Banning. E.B., Archaeological Survey.

9. Rajan, K., Archaeology: Principles & Methods.

10. Daniel, G.A., A Short History of Archaeology.

11. Fagan Brian, In the Bigging, An Introduction to Archaeology.

12. Kathleen Kenyon, New perspectives of Archaeology
13. Iqjh] cStukFk] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙoA
14. Ikk.Ms;] jkds'k izdk'k] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙoA
15. vks>k] jkeizdk'k] iqjkrÙo foKku] izFke [k.MA
16. gohyj] vkj0 bZ0 ,e0] i`Foh ls iqjkrÙoA
17. flag] ds0 ih0] iqjkrÙo ehekalkA
18. ik.Ms;] t;ukjk;.k] iqjkrÙo foe”kZA

19
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-9)
Code-MHS-301
Indian Pre-history
Semester – IIIrd
Max. Marks – 70
Course Objectives:
This course deals about the Prehistory of India from the human evolution to Neolithic period.
Besides, Quaternary environmental changes in reference to Indian Subcontinent are also taught, so
that, the students are familiarized to the basic outline of the Prehistory.
Course outcome:
Students will be familiarized to the basic outline of human evlution, Prehistory of India and the
changing environments of the Quaternary.

Unit-I Pre-history (15 Lect.)

a. Pre-history definition, scope, problem in terminology and Chronology
b. Quaternary Period: The Position of Prehistoric Age in Geological Era
c. Development the study of Pre-history from Robert Bruce Foote to Present

Unit-II Human Evolution and Technology (15 Lect.)

c. Human Evolution and associated culture
d. Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Neanderthal, Homo
sapiens
e. Tool Making Technology

Unit-III Indian Stone Age Culture-I (15 Lect.)

a. Lower Paleolithic Period- Extent, Tools, Chronology and Important Sites
b. Middle Paleolithic Period- Extent, Tools and Chronology
c. Upper Paleolithic Period- Extent, Tools and Chronology

Unit-IV Indian Stone Age Culture-II (15 Lect.)

a. Mesolithic Period- Extent, Artifacts, Tools and Chronology.
b. Major Sites
c. Prehistoric Art of India

Unit-V Indian Stone Age Culture-III (15 Lect.)

a. Neolithic Period- Extent, Artifacts, Tools Chronology.
b. Neolithic Culture of North India.
c. Neolithic Culture of South India.

20
Suggested Readings

1. Agarwal, D.P. , The Archaeology of India

2. Allchin, F.R., Neolithic cattle-keepers of South India: A study of the Deccan

ashmounds. Cambridge University press, 1963
3. De Terra H. and Patterson T.T., Studies on the Ice Age in India and Associated
Human Cultures
4. Kenoyer, J.M., Clark, Pal J.N. and Sharma G. R. , An Upper Paleolithic Shrine in
India ? Antiquity, LVII, 1983
5. Misra, S., Earliest Acheulian Industry from Peninsular India

6. Pal, J.N. Mesolithic Settlement of the Ganga Plain, Men and Environment, Vol- XIX
1-2, 1994

7. Sankalia, H.D., Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, Poona, 1974

8. Sankalia, H.D., Stone Age Tools, Their Techniques, Names and Probable Functions,
Poona, 1964
9. Subbarao, B. , The Personality of India, Baroda,1958

10. Thapar, B. K., Recent Archaeological Discoveries in India, Japan, 1985

11. Thapar, B. K., Neolithic problems in India. In Indian Prehistory,1964

12. Mathpal, Y., Prehistoric Rock Paintings of Bhimbetka, Central India, New Delhi,
1976
13. Shahi, M.D.N., Some Aspect of Indian Archaeology

14. Gordon, D.H., The Prehistoric background of Indian Culture, Bombay,1958

15. Murty, M. L.K., Late Pleistocene cave sites in Southern India, 1974

16. iqjh] cStukFk] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙoA

17. ik.Ms;] jkds'k izdk'k] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙoA
18. vks>k] jkeizdk'k] iqjkrÙo foKku izFke [k.MA
19. gohyj] vkj0 bZ0 ,e0] i`Foh ls iqjkrÙoA
20. flag] ds0 ih0] iqjkrÙo ehekalkA
21. ik.Ms;] t;ukjk;.k] iqjkrÙo foe”kZA

21
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-10)
Code-MHS-302
Indian Proto-history and Early historical period
Semester – IIIrd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objectives:
The course will cover aspects of the archaeology of India from the Harappan civilization to early
historical period. It traces the development of settlement pattern during concerened period. The
focus then shifts to the Western India, Gangetic valley, central India, and the South, with an
examination of the chalcolithic cultures that co-existed with Harappan urbanism and continued after
its decline
Course Outcome:
On the successful completion of Protohistory of India, students will develop a strong foundation and
critical understanding of the subject and will be able to situate Indian materials within wider
archaeological debates.

Unit-I Harappan Culture (14 Lect.)

(a) Pre Harappan Culture
(b) Mature Harappan
(c) Late Harappan

Unit-II Chalcolithic Cultures (15 Lect.)

(a) Kayatha culture
(b) Ahar Cultures
(c) Malwa Culture
(d) Jorwe Culture

Unit-III Other Chalcolithic Cultures (13 Lect.)

(a) Chalcolithic Cultures of Middle Ganga Valley
(b) Copper Hoards & OCP Culture

Unit-IV Iron age Cultures (16 Lect.)

(a) Painted Grey ware Culture- Origin, Distribution, Types of wares, Painted
Motifs, Characteristics & Chronology
(b) Meghalithic Cultures- Types of Megalithic Cultures of South India,
Characteristics & Chronology

Unit-V Early Historical Period (17 Lect.)

(a) Northern Black Polished Ware- Origin , Distribution, Types of Wares,
Designs, Characteristics, & Chronology
(b) Important Excavated Sites- Hastinapura, Ahichchhatra, Kausambi,
Sishupalgarh, Arikamedu
22
Suggested Readings

1. Agarwal, D. P., The Archaeology of India.

2. Sankalia, H. D., Aspects of Indian Archaeology.

3. Sankalia, H. D., The Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan.

4. Sankalia, H. D., Indian Archaeology today.

5. Srivastava, K. M., New era of Indian Archaeology.

6. Shahi, M. D. N., Aspects of Indian Archaeology.

7. Sinha, B. P. (Ed.), Potteries in Ancient India.

8. Tripathi, Vibha, Painted Grey ware : An Iron Age Culture of Northern India.

9. Lal, B. B., Indian Archaeology since Independence.

10. Das, S. R., An Approach to Indian Archaeology.

11. Daniel, Glyn, E., The Origin and Growth of Archaeology.

12. Dhavalikar, M. K., Indian Protohistory.

13. Dhavalikar, M. K., Historical Archaeology of India.

14. Moorti, U. S., Megalithic Cultures of South India.

15. Fergusson, James, Archaeology in India.

16. White, Anne terry, All about Archaeology.

17. Ghosh, A., Encyclopedia of Indian Archaeology (Vols I & II).

18. Allchin, B. and Allchin F.R., Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan

19. iqjh] cStukFk] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙoA

20. ik.Ms;] jkds'k izdk'k] Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙoA
21. vks>k] jkeizdk'k] iqjkrÙo foKku] izFke [k.MA
22. vks>k] jkeizdk'k] Hkkjrh; izkxSfrgkfld ,oa ,sfrgkfld iqjkrÙoA
23. ik.Ms;] t;ukjk;.k] iqjkrÙo foe'kZA
24. vxzoky]/keZiky ,oa iUukyky] Hkkjrh; iqjk,sfrgkfld iqjkrÙoA
25. FkiY;ky] fdj.k dqekj ,oa 'kqDy] ,l0 ih0] iqjkrRo ds jkspd izlaxA
26. 'kekZ] nso izdk”k] 'kekZ] ek/kqjh] HkV~V] ih;w’k Hkkjr dk iqjkrÙoA

23
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-11)
Code-MHS-401
Indian Architecture
Semester – IVrth
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objectives:
The objective of the paper is to teach the students the salient features of Indian architecture
commencing from the Mauryan period. It helps them to identify and fix the chronology of the
secular and religious monuments.
Course Outcome:
Students will able to understand the architectures in their religious, regional and stylistic context.
Students will be able to prepare plans of the monuments.

Unit-I (a) Harappan Architecture (15 Lect.)

(b) Rock cut Architecture (Sangharam and Chaitya)

Unit-II (a) Stupa Architecture (15 Lect.)

(b) Gupta Tempales : Parvati temple of Nachna Kuthara, Shiva temple of
Bhumra, Dasavatara temple Deogarh and Brick temple of Bhitrgaon

Unit-III (a)Pallava Temples : Mahabalipuram rathas and Kailashnath Temple of

Kachipuram) (15 Lect.)
(b)Chalukya Temple Architecture: Durga temple of Aihole and Ladkhan temple

Unit-IV (a) Architecture of Rashrakutas: Kailash temple of Ellora (15 Lect.)

(b) Temple Architectures of Chandellas: Kandariya Mahadeva and Laxaman
temple

Unit-V (a) Orissan Temples: Lingaraja, Puri and Sun Temple of Konark (15 Lect.)
(b)Chola Temple Architectures: Brihadiswara Temple of Tanjore, temple of
Gaingaikondcholpuram

24
Suggested Readings
1. Harle, J. C., The art and Architecture of the Indian Sub-continent.
2. Brown, P., Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu) Vol.- I.
3. Dhavalikar, M.K., Ellora
4. Huntington, Susan L., The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu & Jain.
5. Krishna Deva, North Indian Temple
6. Krishna Deva, Temples of India Vol-I, II.
7. Tomory Edith, History of Fine Arts in India & The west.
8. Coomarswamy, A.K., History of Indian and Indonesian Art.
9. Ganguli, O. C. and Goswami, A., Indian Art and Heritage.
10. Ganguli, O. C. and Goswami, A., Art of the Chandelas.
11. Ganguli, O. C. and Goswami, A., Art of Pallavas.

12. xqIr] ijes'ojh yky] Hkkjrh; okLrqdykA

13. lgk;] lfPpnkuUn] efUnj LFkkiR; dk bfrgklA
14. vxzoky] ds0 ,y0] [ktqjkgksA
15. mik/;k;] oklqnso] izkphu Hkkjrh; Lrwi] xqgk ,oa efUnjA
16. vxzoky] oh0 ,l0] Hkkjrh; dykA
17. vxzoky] i`Foh dqekj] izkphu Hkkjrh; dyk ,oa okLrq] Hkkx&1] 2A
18. dqekj] izHkkr] mÙkj izns”k ds izeq[k efUnj okLrqdyk&,d v/;;uA
19. tks'kh] egs'k pUnz] ;qx&;qxhu Hkkjrh; dykA
20. ik.Ms;] t;ukjk;.k] Hkkjrh; dykA
21. vxzoky] oh0 ,l0] xqIRk dykA
22. oktis;h] ds0 Mh0] Hkkjrh; dykA

25
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Course (DSC-12)
Code-MHS-402
Indian Art and Iconography
Semester – IVrth
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to introduce students to the iconography of the images of the different
religious traditions of Saivism, Vaishnavism, Buddhism and Jainism. The development of
iconographic depictions in each of these traditions is also outlined.
Students learn about the different iconographic traditions in the Indian Subcontinent with concern to
the religious ideas and trends.
Course Outcome:
Students learn about the different iconographic traditions in the Indian Subcontinent with concern to
the religious ideas and trends.

Unit-I (a) Prehistoric painting: Bhimbetaka and Adamgarh (16 Lect.)

(b) Proto-historic Art: Sculpture and Terracotta

Unit-II (a) Mauryan and Sunga’s Art (16 Lect.)

(b) Wall paintings: Ajanta and Bagh

Unit-III (a) Kushana sculpture: Mathura and Gandhara school of Art (16 Lect.)

(b) Gupta’s sculpture

Unit-IV (a) Origin and Development of Buddha Images (16 Lect.)

(b)Iconography of Jain Tirthankaras

Unit-V (a) Iconography of Siva and Vishnu (11 Lect.)

(b) Iconography of Surya

26
Suggested Readings

1. Bhattacharya , Benoytosh, The Indian Buddhist Iconography

2. Sinha, B. C., Glorious Art of the Sunga Age.

3. Verma, S. K., Art and Iconography of Buddha Image.

4. Banerjee, J. N., Development of Hindu Iconography.

5. Swami, Anand Coomar, History of Indian and Indonesian Art.

6. Marshall, J., Gandhara Art.

7. Ganguli, O. C. and Goswami, A., Indian Art and Heritage.

8. Ganguli, O. C. and Goswami, A., Art of Pallavas.

9. Ganguli, O. C. and Goswami, A., Indian Terracotta Art.

10. Desai, K., Iconography of Vishnu.

11. Gopinath Rao, T. A., Elements of Hindu Iconography, (Vol. 1 - 4).

12. Singh, S. B., Brahmanical Icons in Northern India.

13. Ray Nihar ranjan, Maurya & Sunga Art.

14. Burgess, J., The Buddhist Stupas at Amaravati and Jaggayyapeta, London, 1887.

15. Barrett, D., Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum, London, 1954.

16. Coomaraswamy. A.K., Arts and Crafts of India and Ceylon, London, 1913.

17. Coomaraswamy. A.K., Introduction to Indian Art, ed. By Mulk Raj Anand, Madras,
1956.

18. Rowland, B., and Coomaraswamy, A.K., The wall Paintings of India, Central Asia
and Ceylon, Boston, 1938.

19. 'kqDy] Mh0 ,u0] izfrek foKkuA

20. feJ] jekukFk] Hkkjrh; ewfrZdyk dk bfrgklA
21. flag] Hkxoku] xqIrdkyhu fgUnw nso izfrek;sa ¼Hkkx & 1] 2½A
22. cktis;h] lUrks’k dqekj] xqIrdkyhu ewfrZdyk dk lkSUn;kZRed v/;;uA
23. tk;loky] dqlqe] mÙkj Hkkjr dh izkphu fgUnw nsoh ewfrZ;k¡A
24. JhokLro] cztHkw’k.k] izkphu Hkkjrh; izfrek foKku ,oa ewfrZdykA
25. voLFkh] jkekJ;] [ktqjkgks dh nso izfrek,¡A

27
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-1)
Code-MHS-303
Ancient Indian Palaeography and Epigraphy
Semester – IIIrd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objective
It is a study of the origin and development of scripts in India. It deals with the various scripts from
the Vedic period to medieval period. The paper discusses elaborately on the ancient scripts such as
Brahmi, Kharoshti, Tamil-Brahmi, Grantha and Indian scripts – their origin and development of
writing and their use as a primary source for understanding the ancient past.
Course Outcome:
Students will be successfully able to decipher and read scripts; and date inscriptions with the help of
paleographic features of the script. Students will also understand the different usages of language.
After the successful completion of the course student will be able to interpret the inscription in its
socio-politico- religio and economical context.
Unit-I Palaeography in India (11 Lect.)
(a)Antiquity of writing
(b)Origin and development of Brahmi Script

Unit-II Asokan Edicts (16 Lect.)

(a)Transliteration of following Asokan inscriptions from Asokan Brahmi to
Devanagri
(b)Study of major rock-edict-I, II and XIII and major pillar edict-I, II and VII
and Sarnath

Unit-III (a) Sarnath Inscription of Kanishka year 3rd (16 Lect.)

(b) Besnagar Garuda Pillar Inscription of Haliodorus
(c) Hathigumpha inscription of Kharavela
(d) Junagarh rock inscription of Rudradamana

Unit-IV (a) Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta (16 Lect.)

(b) Mehrauli Iron Pillar Inscription of Chandra
(c) Copper plate inscription of Prabhavati Gupta, Poona
(d) Banskheda Inscription of Harsha

Unit-V (a) Aihole Inscription of Pulkeshin II (16 Lect.)

(b) Gwalior Inscription of Mihirabhoja,
(c)Uttarmeru inscription of Parantak-I
(d) Delhi-Topara inscription of Vigraharaj
28
Suggested Readings

1. Dani, Ahmad Hasan, Indian Palaeography.

2. Sircar, D. C. , Select Inscriptions bearing on Indian History and civilization.
3. Bhandarkar, D. R., Inscription of the early Gupta Kings.
4. Fleet, J. F., Corpus Inscriptionam Indicarum.
5. Shastri, H. C., South Indian Inscription.
6. Solleman, Richard, Indian Epigraphy
7. Pandey, R. B.,Historical and Literary Inscriptions of Ancient India
8. Pandey, R. B., Indian Palaeography
9. Hultzsch, E., Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum vol.I
10. Verma, T.P., Puraabhilekh Chayanika
11. Mirashi, V. V., History and inscription of Satvahanas and western Khstrapas
12. Shashikant, Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela and Bhabra edict of Ashoka
13. Relevant Volumes of Epigraphia Indica, Vol I to XLII
14. ¶yhV] ts0 ,Q0] Hkkjrh; vfHkys[k laxzg ¼vuqokn½A
15. oktis;h] ds0 Mh0] oktis;h larks’k] ,sfrgkfld Hkkjrh; vfHkys[kA
16. xqIr] ih0 ,y0] izkphu Hkkjr ds izeq[k vfHkys[k ¼Hkkx & 1] 2½A
17. ik.Ms;] jktcyh] v'kksd ds vfHkys[kA
18. ik.Ms;] jktcyh] Hkkjrh; iqjkfyfiA
19. mik/;k;] oklqnso] xqIr vfHkys[kA
20. mik/;k;] oklqnso] izkphu Hkkjrh; vfHkys[kksa dk v/;;uA
21. jk;] ,l0 ,u0] Hkkjrh; iqjkfyfi ,oa vfHkys[kA
22. vks>k] xkSjh 'kadj ghjk 'kadj] izkphu Hkkjrh; fyfiekykA
23. ljdkj] Mh0 lh0] Hkkjrh; iqjkfyfi fo|k ¼vuq0½A
24. xks;y] Jhjke] xqIrdkyhu vfHkys[kA
25. O;wyj] tktZ] Hkkjrh; iqjkfyfi 'kkL=h ¼vuq0½A

29
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-2)
Code-MHS-304
Ancient Indian Numismatics
Semester – IIIrd
Max. Marks – 70
Time–3 hours
Course Objective:
The study deals with the origin and development of coinage and monetary system in ancient India
upto the medieval times. It deals with the Early history and evolution of Coinage from the punch
marked variety. It studies the development of coins issued by various dynasties and their historical
importance. The coin issues of the Indo-Greeks, Guptas, Satavahanas, Chola, Chera, Pandya and
Vijayanagar rulers and the foreign issues are also studied.
Course Outcome:
Students will be able to identify and decipher the coins. They will also be able to understand the
socio-political background that accurse through the coinage of that time; thus getting holistic picture
of that economic system prevalent in ancient India.

Unit-I (a) Antiquity of Coinage in India, Techniques of their

manufacturing (16 Lect.)
(b)Coins as a source of history
(c) Punch Marked Coins

Unit-II (a) Coins of Yaudhaya and Kunninda Janapad (16 Lect.)

(b) Kausambi and Ayodhya Janapad Coins

Unit-III (a) Coins of Satvahanas (12 Lect.)

(b)Coins of western Kshatrapas

Unit-IV (a) Coins of Indo-Greek (Euthydamus, Menander,

Demetrious) (16 Lect.)
(b) Coinage of Kushana

Unit-V The Coinage of Guptas (15 Lect.)

30
Suggested Readings
1. Thaplyal, K. K. and P. Srivastava: Coins of Ancient India
2. Gardner, P.: Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum
3. Chatterjee, C. D.: Numismatics Data in Pali Literature Singh, A. K., Coins of the
great Kushana.
4. Sahni, Birbal., Technique of casting coins in India.
5. Prasad, Durga, Classification and significance of symbol of Punch - mark coins.
6. Rapson, E.J.A., Catalogue of the Indian coins in the British Museum-coins of the
Andhra, Western Kshatrapas dynasty
7. Allan, J., Indian Coins (Ancient India)
8. Dutta, Mala, A Study of the Satavahana Coinage.
9. Lahiri, A. N., Corpus of Indo-Greek coins.
10. Whitehead, R. B.: Notes on Indo-Greek Numismatics
Indo-Greek coins, Punjab Museum Catalogue, vol.I
11. Smith, V.A., Coins of Ancient India.
Catalogue of the coins in the Indian Museum Calcutta vol. I
12. Sharma, I. K., Coinage of the Satavahana Empire.
13. Dev, K. K., The Indo - Greek coin types.
14. Narayan, A. K. & Gopal, L., (Ed.), The choronology of Punch marked coins.
15. Brown, C. J., The coins of India.
16. Bhardarkar, D. R., Lecturers on Ancient Indian Numismatics.
17. Bajpai, D. R., Lecturers on Ancient Indian Numismatics.
18. Handa, Devendra, Tribal coins in Ancient India.
19. Rajgor, Dilip, Coinage of Western Kshtrapas
20. Altekar, A.S., Gupta Gold coins of Bayana Hoard
21. xqIr] ih0 ,y0] izkphu Hkkjrh; eqnzk,¡A
22. xqIr] ih0 ,y0] Hkkjr ds iwoZdkfyd flDdsA
23. vYrsdj] ,0 ,l0] xqIr dkyhu eqnzk,¡A
24. mik/;k;] oklqnso] Hkkjrh; flDdsA
25. oktis;h] lark’k dqekj] ,sfrgkfld Hkkjrh; flDdsA
26. cuthZ] jk[kkynkl] izkphu eqnzk,¡aA
27. flag] vksd
a kjukFk] xqIrksÙkjdkyhu mÙkj Hkkjrh; eqnzk,¡A
28. flag] vkuUn 'kadj] Hkkjr dh izkphu eqnzk,¡A
29. 'kkL=h] ;ksxkuUn, izkphu Hkkjr esa ;kS/ks; x.kjkT;

31
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-3)
Code-MHS-305
Central Asia, Tibet and China
Semester – IIIrd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Note:- the question paper shall consist of three sections (Sec.-A, Sec.-B and Sec.-C). Sec.-A shall contain
10 objective type questions of one mark each and student shall be required to attempt all questions. Sec.-
B shall contain 10 short answer type questions of four marks each and student shall be required to
attempt any five questions. Sec.-C shall contain 8 descriptive type questions of ten marks each and
student shall be required to attempt any four questions. Questions shall be uniformly distributed from the
entire syllabus. The previous year paper/model paper can be used as a guideline and the following
syllabus should be strictly followed while setting the question paper.

Unit I. General Introduction to central Asia and its contact routes (15 Lect.)
Cultural centers in central Asia

a. Khotan
b. Kucha
c. Karashahar
d. Miran

Unit II. Buddhism in Tibet and entry of Indian culture (15 Lect.)
Major Indian personalities having important part in Tibetan Buddhism
a. Padmasambhava
b. Khatrakshita
c. Kamalshila
d. Deepankar Shree Jnayan
Unit III. Indo-Chinese land route, entry of Buddhism in china and its (12 Lect.)
propagation.

Unit IV. Indian personalities who propagated Buddhism in china (19 Lect.)

a. Kashyap Matanga
b. Dharmaratna
c. Sanghabhuti
d. Kumarjiva
e. Parmarth
f. Dharmagupta
g. Dudhadhama
h. Prabhakarmitra
i. Vajrabodhi

32
Unit V. Chinese Pilgrims in India (14 Lect.)

a. Fa-hieun
b. Huien Tsang
c. Itsing

33
Suggested Readings:

1. Chakraborti, N. P., India and Central Asia.

2. Bagchi, P. C., India and China.
3. Bagchi, P. C., India and Central Asia.
4. Bell, S., Tibet: Past and Present
5. Snellgrove, D. and Richardson, H., A cultural History of Tibet.
6. Puri, B. N., Buddhism in Central Asia.
7. Gaulier, S., Buddhism in Afghanistan and Central Asia.
8. Bose, P. N., Indian Teachers in China.
9. Edkins, Chinese Buddhism.
10. Stein, M. A., Ancient Khotan, I and II part.
11. Bapat, P. V., 2500 Years of Buddhism.
12. fo|kyadkj] lR;dsrq] e/; ,f'k;k rFkk phu esa Hkkjrh; laL—frA
13. lka—R;k;u] jkgqy] e/; ,f'k;k dk bfrgkl] Hkkx & 1A
14. lka—R;k;u] jkgqy] frCcr esa ckS)/keZA
15. oktis;h] ds0 Mh0] o`gÙkj Hkkjr esa Hkkjrh; laL—frA
16. fo|kyadkj] t;pUnz] Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dh #ijs[kkA
17. osnkyadkj] pUnzxqIr] o`gÙkj HkkjrA
18. pkÅflvkax dqvke] phuh ckS)/keZ dk bfrgklA

34
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-4)
Code-MHS-306
Cultural Relation between India and South-East Asia
Semester – IIIrd
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Note:- the question paper shall consist of three sections (Sec.-A, Sec.-B and Sec.-C). Sec.-A shall contain
10 objective type questions of one mark each and student shall be required to attempt all questions. Sec.-
B shall contain 10 short answer type questions of four marks each and student shall be required to
attempt any five questions. Sec.-C shall contain 8 descriptive type questions of ten marks each and
student shall be required to attempt any four questions. Questions shall be uniformly distributed from the
entire syllabus. The previous year paper/model paper can be used as a guideline and the following
syllabus should be strictly followed while setting the question paper.

Unit I. Geographical background of South East Asia and routes from India to South
East Asia (12 Lect.)

Unit II. Entry of Buddhism in Burma (Myanmar), Propagation and Important centers

Indian colonies in Siam (Thailand) (15 Lect.)

Unit III. Indian cultural evidence form Champa (Vietnam) and Indian Religion and
Culture in Kamboj (Cambodia) (14 Lect.)

Unit IV. Propagation of Indian culture in Swarnadweepa (Indonesia)

Indo-Javanese literature (14 Lect.)

Unit V. Evidences of Indian Art form the various Provinces of South

East Asia (20 Lect.)

a. Angkorvat
b. Borobudur
c. Ananda Temple of pagan
d. Ruanveliya Daguva of Anuradhapur

35
Suggested Readings:

1. Fredrick, Temples and Sculpture of South-East Asia.

2. Majumdar, R. C., Hindu Colonies in the Far East.
3. Majumdar, R. C., Suvarnadvipa.
4. Majumdar, R. C., Champa.
5. Ranson, Philip, The Art of South-East Asia.
6. Sarkar, H. B., Indian Influence on the Literature of Java and Bali.
7. May , R. L., The Buddhist Art of Siam.
8. Charterji, B. R., Indian Cultural influence in Cambodia.
9. Harbi, G. E., A History of Burma.
10. Charterji and Chakraborti, India and Java.
11. Lal, B. B., The Earliest Civilization of South Asia.

12. lsx
a j] ts0 ,l0] Hkkjr vkSj dEcqt ds lEcU/kA
13. fo|kyadkj] lR;dsrq] nf{k.k&iwohZ vkSj nf{k.kh ,f”k;k esa Hkkjrh; laL—frA
14. osnkyadkj] pUnzxqIr] o`gÙkj HkkjrA
15. oktis;h] ds0 Mh0] izkphu Hkkjr dk fons'kksa ls lEcU/kA
16. iqjh] cStukFk] lqnjw iwoZ esa Hkkjrh; laL—fr vkSj mldk bfrgklA
17. ukxksjh] thrs”k ,oa dkUrk] fo”o dh izkphu lH;rkvksa dk bfrgklA
18. xqIrk] ekfud yky] izkphu ,oa e/; dkyhu fo”o dk bfrgklA

36
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-5)
Code-MHS-403
Indian Culture and Thought
Semester – IVth
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objective:
This paper deals with the origin and development of various religions and religious ideologies and
their teachings. The students get to know symbolic meaning behind these religious ideologies and
their relevance to the modern societies.
Course Outcome:
After completion of this course, students will be familiar with the different religious traditions of the
Indian subcontinent.

Unit-I Culture: Meaning definition, characteristic feature and contribution of Indian

culture to the world. (13 Lect.)

Unit-II Development of religion and philosophy from Early Vedic to

Upanishads. (15 Lect.)

Unit-III Puranic religion: Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, Tantricism and Nainar and
Alwar tradition of southern India. (16 Lect.)

Unit-IV Bhakti and Sufi Movement, Impact of Islam on Indian Culture. (15 Lect.)

Unit-V Religious and Social movement of 19th Century: Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj,
Ramkrishna Mission and Theosophical Society. (16 Lect.)

37
Suggested Readings

1. Keith, A. V., Religion & Philosophy of Vedas.

2. Luniya, B.N., Evolution of India Culture.

3. Bhattacharya, Haridas, Cultural Heritage of India, Vol-III, The Philosophics.

4. Bhattacharya, Haridas, Cultural Heritage of India, Vol-IV, The Religion.

5. mik/;k;] cynso] oSfnd lkfgR; ,oa laL—fr A

6. Hk.Mkjdj] vkj0 th0] oS’.ko] 'kSo vkSj vU; /kkfeZd lEiznk;A
7. fnudj] jke/kkjhflag] laL—fr ds pkj v/;k;A
8. 'kekZ] lh0 Mh0] Hkkjrh; n'kZuA
9. “kekZ] vkj0 ,l0] izkphu Hkkjrh; /keZ ,oa n”kZu dk Lo#iA
10. dhFk] ,0 oh0] oSfnd /keZ ,oa n”kZuA
11. JhokLro] ,e0ih0] izkphu bfrgkl ,oa laLÑfrA
12. igkfM+;k] ,l0,e0] izkphu Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk bfrgkl¼vkfn dky ls 1206 bZ0 rd½
13. JhokLro] ds0lh0] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl rFkk laLÑfrA

38
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-6)
Code-MHS-404
Archaeology and applied Science
Semester – IVth
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objectives:
This course deals with the origin and development of Ancient Indian sciences and technologies,
their continuity till the present and their contemporary relevance. This course will enable students
to understand provenance of various raw materials and manufacture activities at archaeological
sites.
Course Outcome:
Attainment in understanding and appreciating a spectrum of analytical tools applied to the study of
ancient materials. Its inculcating the realisation of the difference between the methods used by the
archaeologists, experts of heritage management on one hand while the scientists practicing
geoarchaeology, anthropology, environmental archaeology, archaeozoology and archaeobotany on
the other. Syllabi helping students develop ability to determine the appropriate tools needed to
address in seeking answers of ancient technology, conservation and preservation, reconstruction of
ecology, diet, pathology and provenance of ancient materials.

Unit-I Application of Geoarchaeology (15 Lect.)

a. Meaning, definition, concept and scope of Geoarchaeology

b. Study of Rocks- Igneous Rock, Sedimentary Rock, Metamorphic
Rock and Weathering of Rocks
c. Minerals- Definition, Types and Physical Characteristics; Main Minerals
used in manufacture of ancient objects- Quartz, Feldspar, Mica, Chalcedony,
Agate, Jasper, Flint, Carnelian.
Unit-II Anthropology (15 Lect.)

a. Contribution of Anthropology in Archaeology

b. Place of Man in animal Kingdom, Evolution of Man: Australopithecus,
Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Neanderthal, Homo sapiens
Unit-III Environmental Archaeology (15 Lect.)

a. Meaning, definition and Elements of Environmental Archaeology

b. Methods of Study of Environmental Archaeology

c. Climate and early man, Climate cycles of Pleistocene and Holocene

39
Unit-IV Archaeozoology (15 Lect.)

a. Application of Archaeozoology in reconstructing the past

b. Study of Faunal and Human remains and their significance in
Archaeological context
c. Human Osteology: Study of bones to determine Age, Sex, Palaeo-Pathology
and causes of death

Unit-V Archaeobotany(15 Lect.)

a. Application of Floral remains in reconstructing the past

b. Method of collection of botanical remains at Archaeological site, Study of
Macro and Micro remains to study the Archaeological Culture
c. Study of Archaeobotanical remains of some important Archaeological sites

40
Suggested Readings
1. Chattopadhyaya, B. D., History of Science and Technology in Ancient India.
2. Pandey, D.K., Basics of Earth Science.
3. Mahapatra, S., Basics of Geology.
4. Paddayya, K., Piaget, Scientific method and Archaeology.
5. Paddayya, K., Ecological Archaeology & the Ecology of Archaeology: The
Archaeologist’s viewpoint.
6. Singh, G., Geography of India.
7. Singh, I., Human Geography (Hindi)
8. Sharma, P., Human Geography the land.
9. Renfew, C., and Bahn Paul, Archaeology: Theories Methods and Practice.
10. Katzenberg Anee & Saunders Shelley (ed), Biological Anthropology of the human
skeleton.
11. Reitz, E.J. & Wing, E.S. , Zoo-archaeology.
12. Pearsall Deborah M., Paleoethnobotany: A handbook of procedures.
13. James, D., Hurlbit, Corndius,S. Klein, Cornells (eds), Manual of Mineralogy.
14. Hegde, K.T.M., An Introduction to Ancient Indian metallurgy.
15. Butzer, K., Archaeology as Human ecology
16. Shackley, Myra, Environmental Archaeology
17. Singh, R. P., Agriculture in Protohistoric India
18. Evan, J.C., An Introduction to Environmental Archaeology
19. Zeumer, E.F. Pleistocene Period
20. Zoological Survey of India report
21. Botanical Survey of India report
22. Relevant articles of Men and Environment Journal
23. izdk'k] ,l0] izkphu Hkkjr esa jlk;u dk fodklA
24. ;kno] vPNsyky] izkphu Hkkjr esa —f’kA
25. etwenkj] th0 ih0] ouLifr foKkuA
26. vks>k] jkeizdk”k] iqjkrÙo foKku] izFke [k.MA
27. “kqDy] Ckh0 vkj0 ds0] ekuo mn~fodkl
28. flag] lfoUnz] HkkSfrd Hkwxkksy

41
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-7)
Code-MHS-405
Ancient Civilization of World
Semester – IVth
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Course Objectives:
A comprehensive study on the various archaeological discoveries and civilization that flourished
around world. It would provide bird’s eye view of entire civilizations that flourished in various
parts of the world, so that students of archaeology can understand and compare Indian civilization
with other civilizations.
Course Outcome:
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to dentify and define the world’s
earliest civilizations, including the Neolithic Revolution, and describe how it shaped the
development of these early civilizations; Identify, describe, and compare/contrast the first advanced
civilizations in the world
Unit I. Civilization of Ancient Egypt (15 Lect.)
a. Sources
b. Age of Pyramids
c. Middle ages
d. Age of Empire
e. Religious revolution of Akhnatan

Unit II. Civilization of Sumaria (15 Lect.)

a. Society
b. Administration
c. Economy
d. Script
e. Literature

Unit III. Civilization of Babylonia (15 Lect.)

a. Society and economy

b. Political achievements of Humburabi
c. Humburabi legal code

Unit IV. Civilization of Greeces (15 Lect.)

a. Homarean Culture
b. Pericles Age
c. Greek philosophy

42
Unit V. Civilization of Rome (15 Lect.)

a. Age of Augusts
b. Art and Culture

Reference:

1. Breasted,J.H., A History of Egypt.

2. Breasted,J.H., Conquest of world.

3. Childe, V.G., Man makes himself.

4. Davies, H. A., An out line History of the world.

5. Murry, M. A., The splendour that was Egypt.

6. Smith, W.S., The Art of Ancient Egypt.

7. Upadhayaya, B.S., The Ancient world.

8. Zestro, M., The civilization of Babylonia and Assyria.

9. Morete, A., The Nile and Egyption civilization.

10. Delport, L., Mesopotamia civilization.

11. Fineley, M. I., Ancient Greeks.

12. Mamsen, T., History of Rome.

13. xks;y] Jhjke] fo'o dh izkphu lH;rk,¡A
14. xks;y] Jhjke] izkxSfrgkfld ekuo laL—fr;k¡A
15. f=ikBh] jkeizlkn] fo'o dk bfrgkl ¼izkphu dky½A
16. ik.Ms;] vkj0 ,u0] izkphu fo'o dh lH;rk,¡A
17. feÙky] usfe'kj.k] izkphu lH;rk,¡A
18. izlkn] vkseizdk'k] izkphu felz dk bfrgklA
19. izlkn] vkseizdk'k] izkphu fo'o bfrgkl dk ifjp;A
20. izlkn] vkseizdk'k] eslksiksVkfe;k dh lH;rkA
21. ikBd] ek/kksLo#i] fo'o dh izkphu lH;rkvksa dk bfrgklA
22. ukxksj] ,l0 ,y0] fo'o dh izkphu lH;rk,¡A
23. IysV ,oa thu] fo'o dk bfrgklA
24. xqIrk] ekfud yky] izkphu ,oa e/; dkyhu fo”o dk bfrgklA
25.
43
 M.A. IInd year
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE-8)
Code-MHS-406
Ancient Indian Political thought and Administration
Semester – IVth
Max. Marks – 70
Time – 3 hours
Note:- the question paper shall consist of three sections (Sec.-A, Sec.-B and Sec.-C). Sec.-A shall contain
10 objective type questions of one mark each and student shall be required to attempt all questions. Sec.-
B shall contain 10 short answer type questions of four marks each and student shall be required to
attempt any five questions. Sec.-C shall contain 8 descriptive type questions of ten marks each and
student shall be required to attempt any four questions. Questions shall be uniformly distributed from the
entire syllabus. The previous year paper/model paper can be used as a guideline and the following
syllabus should be strictly followed while setting the question paper.

Unit I. Origin of State, Development, types, Saptanga theory and its

function (14 Lect.)
Unit II. Republics-Origen, Development, constitution and declineVedic
assemblies (15 Lect.)

a. Sabha
b. Samiti
c. Vidatha

Unit III. Source of Law, nature and legal system (14 Lect.)

Revenue Income and expenditure

Unit IV. International relation (15 Lect.)

a. Concept of mandal
b. Espionage system
c. Diplomatic system
d. Shadgunya policy

Unit V. Administrative system of Maurayas, Guptas, and

Cholas dynasty (15 Lect.)

44
Reference:

1. Prasad, Beni, State in Ancient India.

2. Prasad, Beni, Theory of Government in Ancient India.
3. Ghoshal, U. N., History of Indian Political Ideas.
4. Ghoshal, U. N., Hindu Political Theories.
5. Jayaswal, K. P., Hindu Polity.
6. Bhandarkar, D. R., Aspects of Ancient Hindu Polity.
7. Mookherji, R. K., Local self Government in Ancient India.
8. Sharma, R. S., Aspects of Political Ideas and Institution in Ancient
India.
9. Puri, B. N., History of Indian Administration, Vol. I.
10. Awasthi, A. B. L., Rajpoot Polity.
11. fo|kyadkj] lR;dsrq] izkphu Hkkjr dh 'kklu laLFkk,¡ vkSj jktuhfrd fopkjA
12. ik.Ms;] ';keyky] Hkkjrh; jkT; 'kkL= iz.ksrkA
13. dk.ks] ih0 ch0] /keZ'kkL= dk bfrgkl] Hkkx &3A
14. flag] vks0 ih0 rFkk flag] ,l0 ,u0] izkphu Hkkjrh; oS/kkfud ,oa iz'kklfud
laLFkk,¡A
15. osnkyadkj] izk.kukFk] jkT; O;oLFkkA
16. ijekRek 'kj.k] izkphu Hkkjr esa jktuhfrd fopkj ,oa laLFkk,¡A
17. f=ikBh] gfjgjukFk] izkphu Hkkjr esa n.MuhfrA
18. ckXph] ;ksxsUnz ukFk] izkphu Hkkjr esa n.MuhfrA
19. nhf{kr] izsedqekjh] izkphu Hkkjr esa vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcU/kA
20. 'kqDy] nsohnÙk] izkphu Hkkjr esa tura=A
21. dqekj] —‘.k] izkphu Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd ,oa iz'kklfud laLFkk,¡A
22. fo|kyadkj] nhukukFk] Hkkjr dh izkphu uhfr;k¡A
23. 'kekZ] gfj'pUnz] izkphu Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd fopkjd ,oa laLFkk,¡ A
24. vYrsdj] ,0 ,l0] izkphu Hkkjrh; 'kklu i)frA

45