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Type 1: Error Analysis
For Concept, refer to Measurement K-Notes, Error Analysis
Point to remember:
While using the limiting error concept in division we need to remember that all variables
must be independent of each other and hence this rule does not hold for parallel
combination of resistance.
Sample problem 1:
ww
A variable w is related to three other variables x,y,z as w = xy/z . The variables are measured
with meters of accuracy 0.5% reading, 1% of full scale value and 1.5% reading. The
w.E
actual readings of the three meters are 80, 20 and 50 with 100 being the full scale value for
all three. The maximum uncertainty in the measurement of ‘w’ will be
(A) 0.5% rdg (B) 5.5% rdg (C) 6.7% rdg (D) 7.0% rdg
asy
Solution: (D) is correct option
Given that =
xy
z En
log logx log y logz
Maximum error in gin
%
d
dx dy dz
x
y
z
eer
dx
0.5% reading ing
x
dy
1% full scale .ne
y
=
1
100
100 1
t
dy 1
100 5% reading
y 20
dz
1.5% reading
z
d
So, % 0.5% 5% 1.5% 7%
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Unsolved Problems:
Q.1 The power in a 3- phase, 3- wire load is measured using two 100 W full scale watt meters
W1 and W2. W1 is of a accuracy class 1% and reads 100W. W2 is of accuracy class 0.5% and
reads – 50W. Uncertainty in the computation to total power is
(A) 1.5% (B) 2.5% (C) 3% (D) 4%
Q.2 In the circuit given on fig, the limiting error in the power dissipation ’I2R’ in the resistor
‘R’ is
(A) 1.2%
ww
(B) 5.2%
(C) 10.2%
w.E
(D) 25.2%
asy
Q.3 Consider the circuit as shown in figure. Z1 is an unknown impedance and measured as
z1=z2z3/z4. The uncertainties in the values of z2,z3 and z4 are 1%, 1% and 3% respectively.
En
The overall uncertainty in the measured value of z1 is
(A) 11%
gin
(B) 4%
eer
(C) 5%
ing
(D) 5%
.ne
Q.4 Three resistors have the following ratings R1=200 5%, R2=100 5% and R3= 50 5%.
Determine the limiting error in ohms if the above resistances are connected in parallel
t
(A) 1.3 (B) 1.19 (C) 4.28 (D) 2.85
Q.5 The voltage of a standard cell is monitored daily over a period of one year. The mean
value over a period of one year. The mean value of the voltage for every month shows a
standard deviation of 0.1mV. The standard deviation of the set constituted by the monthly
mean values will be?
0.1 0.1
(A)0 (B) (C) (D)0.1
12 12
Q.6 A current of 10mA is flowing through a resistance of 820 having tolerance of 10% . The
current was measured by an analog ammeter on a 25 mA range with an accuracy of 2% of
full scale. What is the range of error in the measurement of dissipated power?
(A) 15% (B) 5% (C) 14% (D) 20%
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