ADITYA VIDYASHRAM RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL PUDUCHERRY

PROJECT ON RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM

DONE BY:
INIYAVAN.V
ALAN RUBANRAJ.A
INDIRAJITH.R
 ACKNOWLEDEGMENT

I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt obligation towards all

those who have helped me in making this project. Without their
active guidance, help, cooperation and encouragement, I would not
have been able to present the project on time.

I am extremely thankful and pay my sincere gratitude to my teacher

Mr. Praveen Kumar for his valuable guidance and support for
completion of this project.

I extend my sincere gratitude to my Principal Mr. Nadesan

Kangueyan for the moral support extended during tenure of this
project.

I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude

towards my parents, other faculty members of the school and friends
for their valuable suggestions given to me in completing the project.

Date:

Place: Signature of the Student

 Introduction

Objectives of the Project (In Computer Science):

The primary objective of this project is to develop a Railway Reservation System that
simplifies ticket booking, cancellations, and PNR status inquiries. By utilizing Python and
MySQL, the project aims to create a user-friendly interface, demonstrating how software
can enhance operational efficiency in the railway sector. This system serves as an
educational platform for implementing database management and GUI programming in
real-world applications.

About the Programming Language Used:

Python, the programming language used in this project, is one of the most popular
languages in the world of software development. Known for its simplicity and readability,
Python is an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced developers. Its syntax is
straightforward, which makes it easier to write and understand code, reducing the learning
curve for new programmers.

Python is a high-level, interpreted language, which means that it abstracts much of the
complex details of the computer's operation, allowing developers to focus more on
problem-solving rather than on managing memory or other low-level tasks. This abstraction
makes Python an ideal language for rapid application development, as developers can
quickly prototype ideas and iterate on them without worrying about the underlying system
complexities.

In this project, Python's role is multi-faceted. First, it is used to develop the application logic,
including the various functionalities of the railway reservation system. Python's extensive
standard library, along with its ability to easily interface with other libraries and databases,
allows developers to build robust applications with minimal effort. In this project, Python
interacts with MySQL, a relational database, through the mysql.connector module,
facilitating data storage and retrieval operations.

The choice of Python is also influenced by its support for object-oriented programming
(OOP). OOP is a paradigm that structures a program by bundling related properties and
behaviours into individual objects. This makes the code more modular, reusable, and easier
to maintain. The Railway Reservation System leverages OOP principles to organize the code
into classes and methods, each responsible for a specific part of the system, such as
handling reservations or managing train details.
Tkinter, the GUI toolkit used in this project, is another key component of Python's
ecosystem. As the standard GUI library for Python, Tkinter allows developers to create
windows, dialogs, buttons, and other elements that make up a graphical user interface.
Tkinter is known for its simplicity and ease of use, making it an excellent choice for projects
that require a basic, yet functional, user interface.

Overall, Python is a powerful, versatile language that is well-suited for a wide range of
applications, from simple scripts to complex web applications. Its use in this project not only
simplifies the development process but also provides a solid foundation for students to
build upon as they continue to learn and grow as software developers.

About the Project:

The Railway Reservation System facilitates various functionalities, including train detail
management, ticket reservations, cancellations, and PNR status checks. Users can interact
with the system through a Tkinter-based GUI, which communicates with a MySQL database
to store and retrieve data. This project exemplifies the integration of programming
concepts, database management, and user interface design, showcasing a complete
software development cycle.
 Proposed System

Salient Features and Working Description:

The proposed Railway Reservation System is designed to automate and streamline the
process of managing railway tickets, providing users with a convenient and efficient way to
book, cancel, and check the status of their reservations. The system is characterized by
several key features that collectively enhance its functionality and user experience.

One of the standout features of the system is its user-friendly interface, which is built using
Tkinter. The main menu provides easy access to the system's core functionalities, allowing
users to quickly navigate to the desired module. This simplicity is critical, as it ensures that
users of all technical backgrounds can use the system without difficulty.

The train detail management feature is designed for administrators who need to add or
update information about trains. This includes details such as the train's name, number, and
the number of seats available in different classes. This feature is essential for ensuring that
the system has up-to-date information about the trains that are available for booking. The
data entered by the administrator is stored in the MySQL database, where it can be
accessed by other parts of the system, such as the reservation module.

The reservation module is the heart of the system. It allows users to book tickets by
entering their personal details and selecting the desired train and class of travel. The system
then calculates the total fare based on the number of passengers and the selected class.
Once the reservation is confirmed, the system generates a unique PNR number, which the
user can use to check the status of their booking or to cancel the reservation at a later time.

The cancellation module provides users with the ability to cancel their reservations. This is
done by entering the PNR number, which the system uses to locate the reservation in the
database. If the reservation is found, the system updates its status to "deleted," indicating
that the ticket is no longer valid. This feature is crucial for managing seat availability and
ensuring that the system accurately reflects the current status of all bookings.

The PNR status checking module is designed to provide users with real-time information
about their reservations. By entering the PNR number, users can view the details of their
booking, including the train number, class, and the current status of the reservation. This
feature is particularly useful for users who need to confirm their booking details or check
the status of their reservation before traveling.

The system's backend is built on MySQL, which provides a reliable and efficient way to store
and manage the data related to trains, passengers, and reservations. MySQL is known for its
performance and scalability, making it an ideal choice for a system that may need to handle
large volumes of data. The database is designed to maintain relationships between different
pieces of information, ensuring that the system can efficiently retrieve and manipulate the
data as needed.The Railway Reservation System also incorporates several important
features related to data validation and error handling. For example, the system checks that
all required fields are filled out before allowing a reservation to be submitted. It also
validates the data entered by the user to ensure that it is in the correct format (e.g., the
train number must be numeric). If any errors are detected, the system provides the user
with an informative message, allowing them to correct the issue before proceeding.

In terms of its working description, the Railway Reservation System follows a

straightforward workflow. When the application is launched, the user is presented with the
main menu, where they can choose from several options, including train detail
management, ticket reservation, ticket cancellation, and PNR status checking. Each option
leads to a specific module, where the user can perform the desired action.

For example, if the user chooses to make a reservation, they are taken to the reservation
module, where they can enter their details and select the desired train and class. Once the
reservation is submitted, the system calculates the fare, generates a PNR number, and
stores the reservation in the database. The user is then provided with a confirmation
message, including their PNR number.

Similarly, if the user chooses to cancel a reservation, they are taken to the cancellation
module, where they can enter their PNR number. The system then locates the reservation in
the database, updates its status to "deleted," and provides the user with a confirmation
message.

Overall, the proposed Railway Reservation System is a well-designed, feature-rich

application that meets the needs of both administrators and users. Its user-friendly
interface, robust backend, and comprehensive functionality make it an ideal solution for
managing railway reservations.

About the IDLE :

IDLE (Integrated Development and Learning Environment) is a key tool for Python
development, offering a straightforward and user-friendly interface for writing and testing
Python code. As the default IDE that comes bundled with Python, IDLE provides an
accessible platform for both novice and experienced developers to work on Python projects.
In the context of the Railway Reservation System, IDLE plays a crucial role by offering an
integrated environment where developers can efficiently code, debug, and manage the
application. Its simplicity and ease of use make it an ideal choice for developing applications
without the need for complex configurations.
One of the standout features of IDLE is its built-in code editor, which supports syntax
highlighting and automatic indentation. These features enhance code readability and help
prevent common syntax errors, which is particularly useful in large projects like the Railway
Reservation System. The editor’s ability to highlight errors and provide visual cues simplifies
the process of writing clean and maintainable code. Additionally, IDLE’s editor supports
basic code completion and refactoring tools, which can accelerate development and
improve coding efficiency.

IDLE also includes an interactive Python shell that allows developers to execute code
snippets in real-time. This interactive environment is invaluable for testing individual
functions or components of the Railway Reservation System before integrating them into
the main application. The immediate feedback provided by the shell enables rapid
prototyping and debugging, making it easier to verify the behaviour of specific code
segments and troubleshoot issues on the fly. This feature streamlines the development
process and helps ensure that the system functions as intended.

For debugging purposes, IDLE offers a basic but effective set of tools. The integrated
debugger allows developers to set breakpoints, step through code, and inspect variables.
These capabilities are essential for identifying and resolving bugs within the Railway
Reservation System, ensuring that all functionalities perform correctly. By providing a clear
view of the program’s execution flow and state, IDLE’s debugging tools help developers
pinpoint and fix issues efficiently, contributing to a more reliable and robust application.

In addition to its development and debugging features, IDLE provides educational resources
and a straightforward interface for managing Python scripts. Its simplicity makes it an
excellent choice for learning Python and understanding fundamental programming
concepts. For developers working on the Railway Reservation System, IDLE’s help menu
offers access to Python documentation and tutorials, supporting continued learning and skill
development. Overall, IDLE’s combination of ease of use, real-time testing capabilities, and
debugging tools makes it a valuable asset for developing and maintaining Python
applications.
About the Modules and Packages:
1. mysql.connector

The mysql.connector module is used to interface with the MySQL database, enabling the
Railway Reservation System to perform various data operations. This module allows the
application to establish a connection to the MySQL server, execute SQL queries, and manage
the database schema and records. In the system, mysql.connector is utilized for several key
tasks:

Database Connection:

The mysql.connector.connect() function is used to establish a connection to the MySQL

database, specifying parameters such as host, user, password, and database name.

Executing Queries:

The module’s cursor object (self.mycursor) is employed to execute SQL queries for creating
tables, inserting records, updating entries, and retrieving data.

Transaction Management:

Methods like self.mydb.commit() ensure that changes made to the database are saved. This
is crucial for maintaining data integrity, especially after operations such as ticket bookings
and cancellations.

2. tkinter

tkinter is the standard Python library for creating graphical user interfaces. It is used
extensively in the Railway Reservation System to build the application's user interface.
tkinter provides a set of widgets and layout options to design an interactive and user-
friendly graphical user interface

Key aspects include:

Window Creation:

tk.Tk() initializes the main application window, setting its title and dimensions.

Widgets:

tkinter widgets like ttk.Label, ttk.Entry, ttk.Button, and ttk.Frame are used to create
various interface elements such as labels, text fields, buttons, and frames. These widgets
help in collecting user inputs and displaying information.

Event Handling:
tkinter handles user interactions through events triggered by widget actions (e.g., button
clicks). Methods like command=self.main_menu link buttons to specific functions,
facilitating navigation and functionality within the application.

3. random

The random module is employed to generate random numbers, specifically for creating
unique PNR (Passenger Name Record) numbers in the Railway Reservation System. This
module ensures that each PNR is unique and not previously used, which is essential for
distinguishing individual reservations.

Key uses include:

Generating Random Numbers:

The randint() function from the random module generates a random integer within a
specified range. In the system, this function is used to create a 10-digit PNR number.

Ensuring Uniqueness:

The system checks the generated PNR against existing records in the database to avoid
duplication. If a duplicate is found, a new PNR is generated until a unique one is identified.

System Requirements:
Hardware Requirements

Processor:

A modern CPU with at least dual-core capabilities is recommended. This ensures smooth
execution of the application and efficient handling of concurrent operations, such as
database queries and GUI interactions.

RAM:

A minimum of 4 GB of RAM is necessary. This provides adequate memory for running the
Python interpreter, the tkinter GUI, and the MySQL database, along with other background
processes.

Storage:

At least 100 MB of free disk space is required for the installation of Python, MySQL, and the
Railway Reservation System files. Additional space may be needed based on the volume of
data stored in the database.
Display:

A standard display with a resolution of at least 1024x768 pixels is recommended for clear
and accessible user interface elements provided by tkinter.

Software Requirements

Operating System:

The Railway Reservation System is compatible with major operating systems including
Windows, macOS, and Linux. Each OS should have the necessary components to support
Python and MySQL installations.

Python:

Python 3.6 or higher is required. The system leverages Python’s features and libraries to
implement core functionalities. Python can be downloaded from the official Python website.

MySQL:

MySQL 5.7 or higher is necessary for managing the relational database used to store train
and passenger data. MySQL Server should be installed and properly configured to handle
database operations. MySQL can be downloaded from the MySQL website.

Required Libraries and Modules:

mysql-connector-python:

This library facilitates the connection between Python and MySQL. It can be installed using
pip with the command pip install mysql-connector-python. It provides functions for
executing SQL queries and managing database transactions.

tkinter:

This module is included with the standard Python installation and does not require separate
installation. It provides the tools for building the graphical user interface (GUI) of the
Railway Reservation System.

random:

This module is part of the Python Standard Library and provides functions for generating
random numbers. It is used in the system to create unique PNR numbers.
Database Setup:

Database Schema:

The MySQL database should be configured with the necessary schema to support the
Railway Reservation System. This includes creating tables for storing train details and
passenger information. The schema setup is automated by the system’s initialization code,
which creates the required tables if they do not exist.

User Permissions:

Ensure that the MySQL user account used by the system has appropriate permissions to
execute SQL commands such as INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

Development and Testing Tools:

IDLE:

While IDLE is the default IDE for Python and is sufficient for development, other integrated
development environments (IDEs) like PyCharm, Visual Studio Code, or any preferred
Python IDE can be used for more advanced features and productivity enhancements.

Version Control:

It is recommended to use a version control system like Git to manage changes and track the
development progress of the Railway Reservation System.
 Source code

import mysql.connector

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, simpledialog

from random import randint

class RailwayReservationSystem():

def __init__(self, root):

self.root = root

self.root.title("Railway Reservation System")

self.root.geometry("700x750")

style = ttk.Style()

style.theme_use('clam')

style.configure('TButton', font=('Helvetica', 14), padding=10)

style.configure('TLabel', font=('Helvetica', 14), padding=10)

style.configure('TEntry', font=('Helvetica', 14))

style.configure('TFrame', padding=20)

style.configure('TLabelFrame', font=('Helvetica', 14, 'bold'))

self.mydb = mysql.connector.connect(

host="localhost",

user="root",

passwd="1234",

database="ip"
 )

self.mycursor = self.mydb.cursor()

self.create_tables()

self.main_menu()

def create_tables(self):

train_table_sql = """

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS traindetail (

id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

tname VARCHAR(255),

tnum VARCHAR(20),

ac1 INT,

ac2 INT,

ac3 INT,

spl INT

"""

self.mycursor.execute(train_table_sql)

passenger_table_sql = """

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS passengers (

id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

pname VARCHAR(255),

age INT,

trainno VARCHAR(20),
 noofpas INT,

cls VARCHAR(20),

amt INT,

status VARCHAR(20),

pnrno BIGINT UNIQUE

"""

self.mycursor.execute(passenger_table_sql)

def generate_pnr(self):

"""Generate a unique PNR number within the allowable range."""

while True:

r = randint(1, 2147483647) # Generate a random number within the INT range

query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM passengers WHERE pnrno = %s"

self.mycursor.execute(query, (r,))

result = self.mycursor.fetchone()[0]

if result == 0: # PNR number is unique

return r

def main_menu(self):

self.clear_window()

frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)

frame.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
 label = ttk.Label(frame, text="Railway Reservation System", font=("Helvetica", 24,
'bold'))

label.pack(pady=30)

btn_train_detail = ttk.Button(frame, text="Train Detail", command=self.traindetail,

width=35)

btn_train_detail.pack(pady=20)

btn_reservation = ttk.Button(frame, text="Reservation of Ticket",

command=self.reservation, width=35)

btn_reservation.pack(pady=20)

btn_cancellation = ttk.Button(frame, text="Cancellation of Ticket",

command=self.cancel, width=35)

btn_cancellation.pack(pady=20)

btn_display_pnr = ttk.Button(frame, text="Display PNR Status",

command=self.displayPNR, width=35)

btn_display_pnr.pack(pady=20)

def clear_window(self):

for widget in self.root.winfo_children():

widget.destroy()

def traindetail(self):

self.clear_window()

frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)

frame.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
 label = ttk.Label(frame, text="Train Details", font=("Helvetica", 24, 'bold'))

label.pack(pady=30)

form_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)

form_frame.pack(pady=20, padx=20, fill='x')

entries = []

labels = ["Train Name", "Train Number", "Number of AC 1 class seats", "Number of AC 2

class seats", "Number of AC 3 class seats", "Number of Sleeper class seats"]

for label_text in labels:

subframe = ttk.Frame(form_frame)

subframe.pack(fill='x', pady=10)

lbl = ttk.Label(subframe, text=label_text, width=25, anchor='w')

lbl.pack(side='left')

ent = ttk.Entry(subframe, width=25)

ent.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=True)

entries.append(ent)

button_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)

button_frame.pack(pady=20)

btn_submit = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="Submit", command=lambda:

self.save_train(entries), width=20)

btn_submit.pack(side='left', padx=10)
 btn_back = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="Back", command=self.main_menu,
width=20)

btn_back.pack(side='left', padx=10)

def save_train(self, entries):

data = [entry.get() for entry in entries]

sql = "INSERT INTO traindetail (tname, tnum, ac1, ac2, ac3, spl) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s)"

self.mycursor.execute(sql, tuple(data))

self.mydb.commit()

messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Train detail inserted successfully!")

self.main_menu()

def reservation(self):

self.clear_window()

frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)

frame.pack(expand=True, fill='both')

label = ttk.Label(frame, text="Reservation of Ticket", font=("Helvetica", 24, 'bold'))

label.pack(pady=30)

form_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)

form_frame.pack(pady=20, padx=20, fill='x')

entries = []

labels = ["Passenger Name", "Age", "Train Number", "Number of Passengers"]

 for label_text in labels:

subframe = ttk.Frame(form_frame)

subframe.pack(fill='x', pady=10)

lbl = ttk.Label(subframe, text=label_text, width=25, anchor='w')

lbl.pack(side='left')

ent = ttk.Entry(subframe, width=25)

ent.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=True)

entries.append(ent)

class_frame = ttk.Labelframe(frame, text="Select Class")

class_frame.pack(pady=20, fill='x', padx=20)

class_var = tk.StringVar(value="ac1")

classes = [("AC First Class", "ac1"), ("AC Second Class", "ac2"), ("AC Third Class", "ac3"),
("Sleeper Class", "spl")]

for text, value in classes:

ttk.Radiobutton(class_frame, text=text, variable=class_var,

value=value).pack(anchor='w', padx=10, pady=5)

button_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)

button_frame.pack(pady=20)

btn_submit = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="Submit", command=lambda:

self.save_reservation(entries, class_var), width=20)

btn_submit.pack(side='left', padx=10)
 btn_back = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="Back", command=self.main_menu,
width=20)

btn_back.pack(side='left', padx=10)

def save_reservation(self, entries, class_var):

data = [entry.get() for entry in entries]

np = int(data[3]) # Number of passengers

cls = class_var.get()

train_no = data[2]

# Check if the train exists

train_check_query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM traindetail WHERE tnum = %s"

self.mycursor.execute(train_check_query, (train_no,))

train_exists = self.mycursor.fetchone()[0]

if not train_exists:

messagebox.showwarning("No Such Train", f"No such train exists with the number:
{train_no}")

return

# Query to get the number of seats in the selected class for the specific train

seat_query = f"SELECT {cls} FROM traindetail WHERE tnum = %s"

self.mycursor.execute(seat_query, (train_no,))

available_seats = self.mycursor.fetchone()[0]

# Query to calculate the total number of reserved seats for the selected class
 reserved_query = "SELECT SUM(noofpas) FROM passengers WHERE trainno = %s AND
cls = %s AND status = 'conf'"

self.mycursor.execute(reserved_query, (train_no, cls))

reserved_seats = self.mycursor.fetchone()[0]

reserved_seats = reserved_seats if reserved_seats else 0 # Handle None case

remaining_seats = available_seats - reserved_seats

if np > remaining_seats:

messagebox.showwarning("Insufficient Seats", f"There are only {remaining_seats}

seats left in {cls.upper()} class. No more than that can be added.")

return

# Proceed with reservation if seats are available

amount = {'ac1': 1000, 'ac2': 800, 'ac3': 500, 'spl': 350}.get(cls, 0) * np

data.append(cls)

data.append(amount)

data.append('conf')

data.append(self.generate_pnr()) # Use the generate_pnr method to get a unique PNR

sql = "INSERT INTO passengers (pname, age, trainno, noofpas, cls, amt, status, pnrno)
VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)"

self.mycursor.execute(sql, tuple(data))

self.mydb.commit()

messagebox.showinfo("Success", f"Reservation successful! Your PNR number is {data[-

1]}")
 self.main_menu()

def cancel(self):

pnr = simpledialog.askstring("Cancel Ticket", "Enter PNR for cancellation of ticket:")

if pnr:

# Check if PNR exists

pnr_check_query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM passengers WHERE pnrno = %s"

self.mycursor.execute(pnr_check_query, (pnr,))

pnr_exists = self.mycursor.fetchone()[0]

if not pnr_exists:

messagebox.showwarning("Invalid PNR", f"Entered PNR number {pnr} doesn't

exist.")

return

sql = "UPDATE passengers SET status='deleted' WHERE pnrno=%s"

self.mycursor.execute(sql, (pnr,))

self.mydb.commit()

messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Ticket cancelled successfully!")

self.main_menu()

def displayPNR(self):

pnr = simpledialog.askstring("Display PNR Status", "Enter PNR number:")

if pnr:

# Check if PNR exists

pnr_check_query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM passengers WHERE pnrno = %s"

 self.mycursor.execute(pnr_check_query, (pnr,))

pnr_exists = self.mycursor.fetchone()[0]

if not pnr_exists:

messagebox.showwarning("Invalid PNR", f"Entered PNR number {pnr} doesn't

exist.")

return

sql = "SELECT * FROM passengers WHERE pnrno=%s"

self.mycursor.execute(sql, (pnr,))

res = self.mycursor.fetchall()

self.mydb.commit()

result_str = "\n".join([str(r) for r in res])

messagebox.showinfo("PNR Status", f"PNR Status:\n{result_str}")

self.main_menu()

if __name__ == "__main__":

root = tk.Tk()

app = RailwayReservationSystem(root)

root.mainloop()
Output:
Scope of Improvement:
1. Enhanced User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX)

Current State: The existing UI is straightforward but basic, with limited customization and
interactivity.

Improvements:
a) Modern UI Design: Incorporate more advanced GUI frameworks or libraries such as PyQt
or Kivy to create a modern and visually appealing interface. This can include better graphics,
animations, and responsive design elements.

b) User Feedback: Implement real-time feedback mechanisms, such as progress indicators

or notifications for actions (e.g., successful bookings or cancellations), to enhance user
experience.

c) Accessibility Features: Add accessibility features to support users with disabilities, such as
high-contrast themes, text-to-speech, and keyboard navigation.

2. Advanced Functionality and Features

Current State: The system covers basic functionalities such as booking, cancellation, and
PNR status display.

Improvements:

a) Dynamic Seat Availability: Implement real-time seat availability updates that reflect
cancellations and new bookings instantaneously.

b) Payment Integration: Integrate a payment gateway for online transactions, allowing users
to pay for reservations directly through the application.

c) Mobile Compatibility: Develop a mobile version of the application or a responsive design

that adapts to different screen sizes, enabling users to make reservations on the go.

3. Performance Optimization

Current State: The system performs adequately but may experience delays with large
volumes of data.
Improvements:

a) Database Optimization: Optimize SQL queries and indexing to handle large datasets
efficiently, reducing query execution times and improving response rates.

b) Code Refactoring: Refactor code to improve efficiency, modularity, and maintainability.

This can include improving algorithms for seat allocation and optimizing data handling
processes.

4. Security Enhancements

Current State: Basic security measures are in place, but additional layers of protection are
needed.

Improvements:

a) Data Encryption: Implement encryption for sensitive data, such as user information and
transaction details, both in transit and at rest.

b) User Authentication: Introduce user authentication and authorization mechanisms to

ensure secure access and management of personal data and reservations.

c) Error Handling and Logging: Enhance error handling and logging mechanisms to better
track and manage system errors, security breaches, and operational issues.

5. Expanded Features and Integrations

Current State: The system offers fundamental features but lacks additional integrations.

Improvements:

a) Train Schedules and Alerts: Integrate real-time train schedule data and send alerts or
notifications about train statuses, delays, or cancellations.

b) Feedback and Rating System: Add a feedback mechanism allowing users to rate their
experience and provide comments, which can help improve service quality.

c) Integration with External Systems: Explore integration with external APIs or systems, such
as government databases or travel services, to provide users with more comprehensive
travel information and services.

6. Testing and Maintenance

Current State: Basic testing is conducted, but comprehensive testing is limited.

Improvements:
a) Automated Testing: Implement automated testing frameworks to ensure the application
remains robust and functional with each update or change.

b) Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): Adopt CI/CD practices to

streamline the development process, enabling regular updates and quick fixes.
 Bibliography

1. Python Programming Language:

https://docs.python.org/

2. MySQL Database:

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/

3. Tkinter for GUI Development:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html

4. Random Module:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html

5. Syntax referred from:

Geeksforgeeks: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/

Github: https://github.com/