TEST 11

A. LISTENING (50 pts)

PART 1.
You are going to listen a journalist called Max Wilson talking about a book about luck in sport by Matthew
Syed. Listen to the whole interview and choose the best answer A, B, or C.(10 pts)
1. Max says that top sportspeople usually believe their success is due to
A. good fortune
B. hard work
C. natural skill
2. According to Max, the examples of recent sporting achievements prove
A. that people in general have become stronger and fitter
B. that standards are getting higher
C. that technology is responsible for improved performance
3. In the book Matthew Syed says he had a greater chance of success because of
A. his parents’ love of table tennis.
B. his competitive brother.
C. his own ambition.
4. That advantage is mentioned of the Omega Club when Matthew joined?
A. It was open all the time.
B. It had a lot of good players.
C. It had great facilities.
5. Max says that a ten-year investigation has shown that lucky people
A. believe they will succeed.
B. look for good opportunities.
C. depend less on talent.
@Write your answers here:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

PART 2.
Listen to a nutritionist called Penny Flack talking about the effects of health and diet in some countries
around the world. Are these statements True (T) or False (F)? (10 pts)
EATING FOR HEALTH
1 A quarter of Europeans and Americans are now said to be obese.
2 American politicians have been discussing how to tackle the causes and
consequences of obesity.
3 High-fat cheese and meat is causing the French to become obese.
4 Heart disease is becoming more common in Japan and Greenland.
5 Scientists have discovered that a number of spices used in Indian cooking can improve brain health.

@Write your answers here:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

PART 3.
Listen to a talk on insomnia – the inability to sleep properly. Complete the following notes on the talk about
insomnia. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. (20 pts)

 CAUSES
People may have trouble falling asleep due to worries about exams or a (1) ………………..
…………
It can be due to (2) ………………………………….factors: noise, light, no privacy.
It can be due to occupational factors: working irregular hours, overworking, too much (3)
…………………………………., high stress.
 SOLUTIONS
In situations where the patient is suffering from illness and physical discomfort, a doctor may
give them (4) …………………………………. or (5) ………………………………….
 (6) …………………………………. before going to bed.
Watch your diet. Don’t eat a large meal in the evening. Avoid alcohol, cola and coffee.
Drink herbal tea (e.g. camomile) or (7) ………………………………….
Don’t take naps during (8) ………………………………….
Take a (9) ………………………………….before bed or after exercise.
Cut down on (10) …………………………………. in the evening.

@Write your answers here:

1. ………………………………… 6. ………………………………………
2. ………………………………… 7. ………………………………………
3. ………………………………… 8. ………………………………………
4. ………………………………… 9. ………………………………………
5. ………………………………… 10. ………………………………………

B. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (50 pts)

Part I. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences. (20pts)
1. As it’s not out on DVD yet, we might ______ get it on video, I suppose.
A. also B. as well C. too D. and
2. I’m ______ my brother is.
A. nowhere like so ambitious B. nothing near as ambitious as
C. nothing as ambitious than D. nowhere near as ambitious as
3. The government was finally______ down by a minor scandal.
A. brought B. taken C. come D. pulled
4. It appears that the hostages were not______ to any unnecessary suffering.
A. subjugated B. subjected C. subsumed D. subverted
5. The incoming administration ______ to clean up corruption in the city.
A. pledged B. contemplated C. suggested D. resumed
6. The company has just got a big order and the workers are working round the ------.
A. day B. clock C. hour D. night
7. My brother Ted is a high school dropout who joined a circus; he is the black ------ in the family.
A. sheep B. dog C. cat D. goat
8. When James came home at three in the morning, his father hit the ------.
A. door B. chair C. table D. ceiling
9. Forget it. It is no use crying over ------ milk.
A. spoiled B. spilt C. lost D. stolen
10. Coin collecting is interesting, but you find a valuable coin only once in a blue ------.
A. moon B. sky C. star D. space
11. John got sick, then his brothers and sisters all got sick. It never rains but it ------.
A. fallsB. drops C. pours D. dries
12. Can you __________ to it that no one uses this entrance?
A ensure B guarantee C assure D see
13. Next year I hope to __________ my ambition of climbing Mont Blanc.
A complete B follow C realise D impose
14. We should all ___________ when advertisers attempt to use unfair practices.
A. make a stand B. make a dealC. make amends D. make a comeback
15. We were not _________ convinced by his arguments.
A. closely B. extremely C. entirely D. widely
16. I’m sure that never happened. It’s just a ______ of your imagination.
A. figment B. piece C. picture D. fantasy
17. Did you see Jonathan this morning? He looked like ______. It must have been quite a party last night.
A. a wet blanket B. a dead duck C. death warmed up D. a bear with a sore head
18. In the ______ of security, personnel must wear their identity badges at all time.
A. requirement B. demands C. assistance D. interests
19. I thought I had made it ______ that I didn’t wish to discuss this matter.
A. distinct B. plain C. frank D. straight
20. It's freezing outside so ______ to stay home and be warm.
A. we'd do well B. we might as well C. we'd better D. we're better off
Part II. Find out ten mistakes in the following passage then correct them. (10pts)
Water scarcity is fast becoming one of major limiting factors in world crop production. In many areas,
poor agricultural practices have led to increased desertification and the loss of former arable lands.
Consequently, those plant species are well adapted to survive in dry climates are being looked at for an answer
in developing more efficient crops to grow in marginally arable lands.
Plants use several purely mechanical and physical adaptations, such as the shape of the
Planet’s surface, small leaf size, and extensive root system. Some of adaptations are related with chemical
mechanism. Many plants such as cactuses, have internal gums which give them water retaining properties.
Another chemical mechanism is that of the epicuticular wax layer. This was layer acts like a cover to protect the
plant which prevents loss of internal moisture.

Part III. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). (10pts)

A recent poll on the use of animals in circuses showed that the (0. MAJOR) … MAJORITY… of people in the
UK now disapproves of it. Circuses which employ animals are no longer seen as a form of (1. HARM)
……………….entertainment; in fact, most people think they should be banned outright. Eighty percent of those
interviewed (2. EQUIVOCAL) ……………………. declared that the use of endangered wild animals such as
elephants and tigers should be prohibited, while sixty-five percent said no animals (3. WHAT)
……………………. should be used in circuses. A large proportion also claimed they were opposed to the
inevitable (4. BRUTAL) ……………..involved in training animals to perform tricks. Animals in the wild do
not juggle balls, ride monocycles, leap through (5. FIRE)………………… hoops or wear clown costumes.
Furthermore, besides being kept in (6. CONFINE) ……………………., circus animals travel for most of the
year, living a life of (7. DEPRIVE) ……………………. Unfortunately, there is evidence to indicate that most
animals face (8. TREAT) …………………….on a daily basis. The number of people who visit animal free
circuses these days is over twice the number of those who visit traditional circuses. Animal free circuses are
growing in number as well as (9. POPULAR) ……………………, and many say that the quality of the acts
performed by humans far (10. EXCESS) ……………………. those acts that use animals.

C. READING COMPREHENSION (50 pts)

Part I. Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space. (10 pts)
(1) ___________ popular belief, one does not have to be a trained programmer to work online. Of
course, there are plenty of jobs available for people with high-tech computer skills, but the growth of new
media has (2) ___________up a wide range of Internet career opportunities requiring only a minimal level of
technical (3) ___________. Probably one of the most well-known online job opportunities is the job of
webmaster. However, it is hard to define one basic job description for this position. The qualifications and
responsibilities depend on what tasks a particular organization needs a webmaster to (4) ___________.
To specify the job description of a webmaster, one needs to identify the hardware and software that the
website will manage to run (5) ___________. Different types of hardware and software require different skill
sets to manage them. Another key factor is whether the website will be running internally or externally. Finally,
the responsibilities of a webmaster also depend on whether he or she will be working independently, or whether
the firm will provide people to help. All of these factors need to be considered before one can create requiring
(6) ___________ knowledge of the latest computer applications. (7) ___________, there are also online jobs
available for which traditional skills remain in high (8) ___________. Content jobs require excellent writing
skills and a good sense of the web as a "new media".
The term "new media" is difficult to define because it encompasses a (9) ___________ growing set of
new technologies and skills. Specifically, it includes websites, email, Internet technology, CD-ROM, DVD,
streaming audio and video, interactive multimedia presentations, e-books, digital music, computer illustration,
video games, (10) ___________ reality, and computer artistry.
1. A. Apart from B. Contrary to C. Prior to D. In contrast to
2. A. taken B. sped C. set D. opened
3. A. expertise B. master C. efficiency D. excellency
4. A. conduct B. perform C. undergone D. overtake
5. A. on B. over C. in D. with
6. A. built-in B. up-market C. in-service D. in-depth
7. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Then
8. A. content B. demand C. reference D. requirement
9. A. constantly B. continually C. increasingly D. invariably
10. A. fancy B. imaginative C. illusive D. virtual

Part II. Read the passage and fill in each gap with ONE suitable word. (15 pts)
My stay among the indigenous people of Africa turned out to be a mixture of both success and failure. I
was able to observe firsthand (1) __________ the people lived instead of relying on books or films. I was
pleasantly surprised to find out that they were genial people. They were friendly (2) ___________ me from the
very first day and they did not display any signs of hostility throughout my month long stay. I felt indignant
(3)____________ I thought of the terrible way they had always been (4) __________ in films and books. I felt
(5)____________ for them as they did not know how much others (6) __________ them.
However, my trip was not a (7) __________ of roses. I had been warned many times by my colleagues
that when I stay with a tribe, I had to do as the Romans do. I should not be afraid to try new things especially
the food that they (8) __________ delicacies. These were highly prized and only eaten on special
(9)__________. Unfortunately, I did not (10) __________ their advice and I gagged on a piece of meat that
they offered me. They looked offended and from that day, many of them were not as friendly as they used to be.

Part III. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question. (10 pts)
HERBS AND DRUGS
Herbs are different kinds of plants and plant parts that can be used for medicinal purposes. This can
include the leaves, stems, roots, or seeds of the plant. Herbs have been important in traditional medicine for
centuries, in both of the East and the West. In Western medicine, they have largely been replaced by drugs.
Herbal treatments are, however, still an integral part of Eastern medicine. In recent years, interest in traditional
medicine has increased in the West. Many people are either using modern methods combined with traditional
treatments or are turning to these treatments entirely. While traditional medicine can be helpful, they are not
without their share of problems.
The main difference between herbs and drugs is that, while herbs are simply parts of plants, drugs are
specific chemicals in a pure form. Many modern drugs are derived from chemicals found in plants. One
example is aspirin, which is made from a chemical extracted from the back of the willow tree. Other drugs are
entirely synthetic. Even those drugs that are derived from natural sources are heavily processed in order to
purify and concentrate them. This allows drugs to be administered in very precise amounts. Different kinds and
degrees of illnesses often require dosages that differ only slightly. A little too much or not enough of a certain
drug can have negative effects on the patient. Many drugs also produce negative effects even when taken in the
recommended dosage. These undesired negative effects are called “side-effects”
The possibility of dangerous and unexpected side-effects from drugs has led many people back to
traditional medicine. Herbal treatments seem more natural than modern drugs. Many feel that traditional
medicine is more concerned with treating the underlying causes of disease instead of just the symptoms,
through the truth of this claim is not yet clear. In any case, there is a certain comfort in taking natural herbal
treatments instead of the processed, synthetic chemicals derived from them.
There are, however, disadvantages to herbal treatments, some of them are serious. Few herbal
treatments have been scientifically studied. While the active chemicals in the herb may be known, it may not be
clear what they really do, or if they are really effective at all. Because the active chemicals are not used alone, it
is very difficult to determine the proper amount for treatment, since the levels of the chemical are not constant
throughout the plant. Therefore, the risk of under- and overdose is higher than with drugs. A more serious
problem is that certain herbal treatments may have no real medicinal effect, thus giving the patient a false sense
of security. This is particularly harmful when the patient refuses treatment with modern drugs that could be
effective.
There are even certain herbs that can cause side-effects, just like a drug. (A) One of these is ma-huang,
also called ephedra, which is taken to increase energy. (B) It has been known to cause damage to the heart and
nervous system. Garlic and ginger are common elements in food that are also taken as herbal treatments, but
they can be dangerous for people with diabetes. (C) In general, herbs are most dangerous when they are taken
along with common drugs. This may happen in two ways: a patient decides to supplement his or her regular
treatment with herbs, or a dishonest manufacturer adds modern drugs to an herbal treatment. (D) In both cases,
the results can be very serious. The herb St. John’s wort is often used to treat depression, but if it is used along
with conventional antidepressants, such as Zoloft, the combination can cause confusion, headaches, allergic
reactions, and other problems.
 Finally, because production of herbal treatments is seldom regulated, harmful substances can be present
in herbal preparations. Herbs grown in polluted soil may contain lead, arsenic, or mercury. They may also be
tainted with pesticides. It is for these reasons that herbs should not be treated as the perfect substitute for drugs.
Although herbs appear to be quite distinct from modern drugs, it is important to use them with the same sort of
care.

1. The word “integral” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to

A. harmful. B. important. C. famous. D. controversial.
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “tained” in paragraph 6?
A. Accompanied. B. Augmented. C. Substituted. D. Contaminated.
3. The word “this” in paragraph 4 line 8 refers to
A. patients taking ineffective herbs instead of drugs.
B. patients having a sense of security.
C. the risk of under and overdose of an herbal treatment.
D. the patient’s belief that modern drugs are bad for you.

4. Why does the author mention that drugs are heavily processed?
A. To show that herbs cannot compete with modern medical techniques.
B. Because many mistakes can occur in this processing.
C. To illustrate that drugs are not natural.
D. To point out that many countries cannot afford to produce drugs.
5. What is the main difference between herbs and drugs according to the passage?
A. Drugs can cause side-effects, whereas herbs do not.
B. Drugs are at least partially synthetic, whereas herbs are natural.
C. Herbs are dangerous when taken in large amounts, drugs are safer.
D. Herbs can produce a false sense of security, whereas drugs do not.
6. According to the passage, when are herbs most dangerous?
A. When not taken under a doctor’s supervision.
B. When the patient refuses modern medicine.
C. When the dosage is not administered precisely.
D. When taken in combination with drugs.
7. According to the passage, who should not take ginger or garlic as herbal treatments?
A. Patients with diabetes.
B. Patients with liver damage.
C. Patients taking antidepressants.
D. Patients with problems of the heart or nervous system.
8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Some herbal treatments are not effective in fighting disease.
B. Modern doctors often do not approve of using herbs.
C. Herbal treatments can also produce side-effects.
D. Some manufacturers add drugs to herbs.
9. It can be inferred from the passage that.
A. The drug industry is better regulated than the herb industry.
B. People who use drugs instead of herbs recover more quickly.
C. The popularity of herbal treatments will decrease in the future.
D. The side-effects of drugs are more serious than those of herbs.
10. Where the following sentence could be added to paragraph 5:
“Certain herbs have also been known to be harmful for people suffering from asthma.”
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D . (D)

Part IV. Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 pts)
Secrets of the Forest
A. In 1942 Allan R.Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep
into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The Siriono,
Holmberg later wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of
thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other
starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the
country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on.
As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the
world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Siriono seemed to possess were
"two machetes worn to the size of pocket knives".
B. Although the lives of Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age
relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Siriono epitomize the popular conception of life in Amazonia.
To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of
Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable, a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity
of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonial
could not - and cannot - sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures
have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the
uncompromising tropical environment.
C. The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were
true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered
in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has supported series of indigenous
cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies - some with populations perhaps
as large as 100,000 - thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. (Indeed, some
contemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of earlier cultures.) Far from being
evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced
for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some
environmental adaptation of ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of
economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwillingly projected the present onto
the past.
D. The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed
that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats
they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, peter Feinsinger, has
noted, an approach that leaves people out the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows
that the natural history of Amzonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.
The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from across the world
met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies without destroying
their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been
depicted as ecologically unfit for large-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed
development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment
itself. While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most
destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.
F. The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the indigenous
Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been represented as
harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in
fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of
Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with judicious management
selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it
seems, offers hope for the future.
Questions 1-4
Choose the most suitable headings (i-vi) for sections A, B, C and D
List of Headings
i. Amazonia as unable to sustain complex societies
ii. The role of recent technology in ecological research in Amazonia.
iii. The hostility of the indigenous population to North America influences
iv. Recent evidence
v. The influence of prehistoric inhabitants on Amazonian natural history.
1. Section A_______
2. Section B_______
3. Section C_______
4. Section D_______
Question 5-10
Do the following statements agree with the view of the writer of the passage? Please write
Yes If the statement agrees with the view of the writer
 No If the statement contradicts the view of the writer
Not given If it is impossible to say what the writer think about this
5. The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonian has always been unable to support a
more complex society. _________________
6. There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia. ______________
7. There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystem in the other parts of the world. ___________
8. Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human
settlement. _____________
9. The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest. ______________
10. It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population. _____________

D. WRITING (50 pts)

Part I. Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it stays the same meaning to the first
one, using the word given. Do not change the word given. (10pts)
1. Don't panic about something so trivial. MOUNTAIN
_______________________________________________________________________
2. I suddenly realized the meaning of a "freebie". DAWNED
_______________________________________________________________________
3. They arrived at their destination alive and kicking. SOUND
_______________________________________________________________________
4. My jewellery has been stolen. OFF
_______________________________________________________________________
5. This is a subject that Jack and I disagree about. EYE
_______________________________________________________________________

Part II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word
given. There is an example at the beginning (0). (10pts)
0. He paid no attention to our warning.
NOTICE
He ……… took no notice of …………. our warning.
1. I’m not sure which year saw the abolition of capital punishment in this country.
DID
I’m not sure when they ……………………………………………………………… capital punishment in
this country.
2. I wish I hadn’t said that to her.
TAKE
If only ………………………………………………………………I said to her.
3. If children were allowed to do what they wanted, they would probably play computer games all day.
OWN
If children were ……………………………………………………………… they would probably play
computer games all day.
4. If Tom hadn’t acted promptly to extinguish the fire, there might have been more damage to the house.
IN
But ……………………………………………………………… out the fire, there might have been more
damage to the house.
5. Initially, everybody believed his story but now they think he was lying.
UP
He is now ……………………………………………………………… the story.