Exercise 8(A) — Numericals
Question 1
In a conductor, 6.25 × 1016 electrons flow from it's end A to B in 2 s. Find the current flowing through the conductor. (e =
1.6 × 10-19 C)
Answer
Given,
Number of electrons flowing (n) = 6.25 × 1016
Time taken (t) = 2 s
e = 1.6 × 10-19 C
Current in conductor is given by,
I=netI=tne
Substituting the values in the formula above we get,
I=6.25×1016×1.6×10−192I=6.25×1.6×10−32I=6.25×0.8×10−3I=5×10−3AI=26.25×1016×1.6×10−19I=26.25×1.6×10−3
I=6.25×0.8×10−3I=5×10−3A
Hence, the current flowing through the conductor = 5 mA from B to A
Question 2
A current of 3.2 mA flows through a conductor. If charge on an electron is -1.6 x 10-19 coulomb, find the number of
electrons that will pass each second through the cross section of that conductor.
Answer
Given,
Current (I) = 3.2 mA = 3.2 × 10-3 A
Charge of one electron = -1.6 × 10-19 coulomb
t=1s
Charge flowing through the conductor in one second
Charge (Q) = current (I) x time (t)
Substituting the values in the formula above we get,
Q = 3.2 x 10-3 x 1 = 3.2 x 10-3
Hence,
No. of electrons=Total charge flowingCharge on one electronNo. of electrons=Charge on one electronTotal charge flowing
=3.2×10−31.6×10−19=2×1016=1.6×10−193.2×10−3=2×1016
Therefore, the number of electrons that will pass each second through the cross section of that conductor = 2 x 10 16
Question 3
Find the potential difference required to flow a current of 300 mA in a wire of resistance 20 Ω.
Answer
Given,
Current (I) = 300 mA = 0.3 A
Resistance (R) = 20 Ω
Potential difference (V) = ?
From Ohm's law
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula above, we get,
V = 0.3 × 20
V=6V
Hence, the required potential difference = 6 V
Question 4
An electric bulb draws 1.2 A current at 6.0 V. Find the resistance of filament of bulb while glowing.
Answer
Given,
Current (I) = 1.2 A
Potential difference (V) = 6.0 V
Resistance (R) = ?
From Ohm's law
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula above, we get,
6=1.2×R⇒R=61.2⇒R=5Ω6=1.2×R⇒R=1.26⇒R=5Ω
Hence, resistance of filament of bulb = 5 Ω
Question 5
A car bulb connected to a 12 volt battery draws 2 A current when glowing. What is the resistance of the filament of the
bulb? Will the resistance be more, same or less when the bulb is not glowing.
Answer
Given,
Potential difference (V) = 12 V
Current (I) = 2 A
Resistance = ?
From Ohm's law
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula above, we get,
12=2×R⇒R=122⇒R=6Ω12=2×R⇒R=212⇒R=6Ω
Hence, the resistance of the filament of the bulb = 6 Ω
The resistance will be less when the bulb is not glowing.
Question 6
Calculate the current flowing through a wire of resistance 5 Ω connected to a battery of potential difference 3 V.
Answer
Given,
Resistance (R) = 5 Ohm
Potential difference (V) = 3 V
Current (I) = ?
From Ohm's law
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula above, we get,
3=I×5⇒I=35⇒I=0.6A3=I×5⇒I=53⇒I=0.6A
Hence, the current flowing through the wire = 0.6 A
Question 7
In an experiment of verification of Ohm's law, following observations are obtained.
Potential difference V (in volt) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Current I (in amp) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Draw a V-I graph and use this graph to find —
(a) the potential difference V when the current I is 0.5 A.
(b) the current I when the potential difference V is 0.75 V.
(c) the resistance in circuit.
Answer
V-I graph for the readings is shown below:
(a) We can observe from the graph that when current is 0.5 A then potential difference is 1.25 V.
(b) We can observe from the graph that when potential difference is 0.75 V, then current is 0.3 A.
(c) Slope of the graph gives the resistance, and as the graph is linear
So, if potential difference (V) = 1.0 V
current (I) = 0.4 A
From Ohm's law
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula above, we get,
1.0=0.4×R⇒R=1.00.4⇒R=104⇒R=2.5Ω1.0=0.4×R⇒R=0.41.0⇒R=410⇒R=2.5Ω
Hence, the resistance in circuit = 2.5 Ω
Question 8
Two wires of the same material and same length have radii 1 mm and 2 mm respectively. Compare (i) their resistances (ii)
their specific resistance.
Answer
(i) R = ρ laal = ρ lπr2πr2l
Resistance for wire of radius 1 mm,
R1 = ρ lπ12π12l = ρ lππl
Resistance for wire of radius 2 mm,
R2 = ρ lπ22π22l = ρ lπ4π4l
Hence, ratio between the two,
R 1 : R2
=ρlπρlπ4=41=4:1=ρπ4lρπl=14=4:1
Hence, the ratio of resistance between the two wires = 4 : 1
(ii) The specific resistance of the two wires will be same because the specific resistance is a characteristic property of the
material, hence it does not change with radius.
Therefore, ratio of specific resistance between the two wires = 1 : 1
Question 9
A given wire of resistance 1 Ω is stretched to double it's length. What will be it's new resistance?
Answer
When the wire is stretched to double it's length, it's area of cross section becomes half and it's length becomes double.
Let, a be the area of initial cross section and ρ be the specific resistance of the material of wire.
Then,
length = l,
R = 1 Ω,
new length = 2l,
new area = a22a
From relation
R = ρ laal = ρ lπr2πr2l
Initial resistance R1 = 1 = ρ laal [Equation 1]
New resistance Rn = ρ 2la22a2l = ρ 4laa4l [Equation 2]
On dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get,
Rn1=ρ4laρla⇒Rn=4Ω1Rn=ρalρa4l⇒Rn=4Ω
Hence, the new resistance = 4 Ω.
Question 10
A wire of resistance 3 ohm and length 10 cm is stretched to length 30 cm. Assuming that it has a uniform cross-section,
what will be it's new resistance?
Answer
Given,
Resistance (R) = 3 Ω
Length (l) = 10 cm
Let, a be the area of initial cross section and ρ be the specific resistance of the material of wire.
Then,
R=3Ω
length = 10 cm,
new length = 30 cm,
new area a = a33a
From relation
R = ρ laal = ρ lπr2πr2l
Initial resistance 3 = ρ 10aa10 [Equation 1]
New resistance R2 = ρ 30a33a30 = ρ 90aa90 [Equation 2]
On dividing eqn (i) by (ii), we get,
3R2=ρ10aρ90a3R2=10903R2=19⇒R2=3×9⇒R2=27ΩR23=ρa90ρa10R23=9010R23=91⇒R2=3×9⇒R2=27Ω
Hence, the new resistance = 27 Ω.
Question 11
A wire of resistance 9 ohm having length 30 cm is tripled on itself. What is it's new resistance?
Answer
Given,
Resistance (R) = 9 Ω
When the wire is tripled on itself, it's area of cross section becomes thrice and it's length becomes l33l.
Let, a be the area of initial cross section and ρ be the specific resistance of the material of wire.
Then,
length = 30 cm,
new length = l33l = 303330 = 10 cm,
new area an = 3a
From relation
R = ρ laal
Initial resistance 9 = ρ 30aa30 [Equation 1]
New resistance Rn = ρ 103a3a10 [Equation 2]
On dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get,
Rn9=ρ103aρ30aRn9=1090Rn9=19Rn=1Ω9Rn=ρa30ρ3a109Rn=90109Rn=91Rn=1Ω
Hence, the new resistance = 1 Ω.
Question 12
What length of copper wire of specific resistance 1.7 x 10-8 Ω m and radius 1 mm is required so that it's resistance is 2 Ω.
Answer
Given,
Specific resistance ρ = 1.7 × 10-8Ω m
Radius r = 1 mm = 10-3m
Resistance R = 2 Ω
Length l = ?
From relation
R = ρ laal = ρ lπr2πr2l
Substituting the values in the formula above we get,
2=1.7×10−8lπ(10−3)22=1.7×10−8l3.14×(10−3)22=1.7×10−2×l3.142=1.7×l314⇒l=314×21.7⇒l=369.4 m2=1.7×10−8π(10−3)
2l2=1.7×10−83.14×(10−3)2l2=3.141.7×10−2×l2=3141.7×l⇒l=1.7314×2⇒l=369.4 m
Hence, the length of the copper wire = 369.4 m.
Question 13
The filament of a bulb takes a current 100 mA when potential difference across it is 0.2 V. When the potential difference
across it becomes 1.0 V, the current becomes 400 mA. Calculate the resistance of filament in each case and account for
the difference.
Answer
Case 1 —
Current (I) = 100 m A = 0.1 A
Potential Difference (V) = 0.2 V
From Ohm's law
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula above, we get,
0.2=0.1×R⇒R=0.20.1⇒R=2Ω0.2=0.1×R⇒R=0.10.2⇒R=2Ω
Hence, resistance of filament of bulb = 2 Ω
Case 2 —
Current (I) = 400 m A = 0.4 A
Potentia Difference (V) = 1.0 V
From Ohm's law
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula above, we get,
1.0=0.4×R⇒R=1.00.4⇒R=2.5Ω1.0=0.4×R⇒R=0.41.0⇒R=2.5Ω
Hence, resistance of filament of bulb = 2.5 Ω
Therefore, we observe that with increase in temperature resistance of the wire increases.
Hence, resistance of filament increases with the increase in temperature.
