03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.
notebook April 23, 2018
Lesson 3
Graphs of the Tangent Function
and the Reciprocal Functions
By the end of today's class, I will be able to
• sketch the graph of the tangent function.
• sketch the graphs of all of the reciprocal
trigonometric functions.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Minds On: Write an expression that can be used to
determine
A) the location of any minimum of a cosine
function.
B) a generalized interval of increase for the sine
function.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Minds On: Write an expression that can be used to determine
A) the location of any minimum of a cosine function.
In the cycle between 0 and 2π,
the minimum of the cosine
function occurs at x = π. Since
the period of the cosine
function is 2π, the minimum π 2π 3π 4π
repeats every 2π radians.
Therefore, the location of any
minimum can be expressed as
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
B) a generalized interval of increase for the sine function
In the cycle between π‐ /2 and π/2
(this is a full cycle where we get a
complete interval that is increasing)
the interval of increase of the sine
function is (‐π/2, π/2). Since the
period of the sine function is 2π, the π 2π 3π 4π
interval repeats every 2π radians.
Therefore, the generalized interval of
increase can be expressed as
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
The Tangent Function
We know that we can write the tangent function in
terms of the sine and cosine function.
How could this definition get us a graph of the
tangent function?
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
The tangent function is an example of
a rational function.
• The zeros of the numerator (sin x) will be the
zeros of the tangent function.
• The zeros of the denominator (cos x) will be
the vertical asymptotes of the tangent function.
• When both functions have the same sign,tan x
will be positive.
• When the functions have opposite signs,tan x
will be negative.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
y = cosx
y = sinx
π 2π
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Graph of Tangent Function
π 2π 3π 4π
Note:
• the period is no longer 2π. It is π.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
The Reciprocal
Trigonometric Functions
Use the graphs of the three primary trigonometric
functions and your knowledge of rational functions
to generate the graphs of the three reciprocal
trigonometric functions.
Cosecant Function, y = csc x
Secant Function, y = sec x
Cotangent Function,y = cot x
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
The cosecant function is an example of a reciprocal
function.
• The zeros of the original function (sin x) will be
the vertical asymptotes of the cosecant function.
• When the original function (sin x) is increasing,
the reciprocal function is decreasing and vice
versa.
• The maximums of the original function (sin x) are
local minimums of the reciprocal function.
• The minimums of the original function (sin x) are
local maximums of the reciprocal function.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Cosecant Function, y = csc x
π 2π 3π 4π
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
The secant function is an example of a reciprocal
function.
• The zeros of the original function (cos x) will be
the vertical asymptotes of the secant function.
• When the original function (cos x) is increasing,
the reciprocal function is decreasing and vice
versa.
• The maximums of the original function (cos x)
are local minimums of the reciprocal function.
• The minimums of the original function (cos x)
are local maximums of the reciprocal function.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Secant Function, y = sec x
π 2π 3π 4π
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
The cotangent function is an example of a
reciprocal function.
• The zeros of the original function (tan x) will be
the vertical asymptotes of the cotangent
function.
• The vertical asymptotes of the original function
(tan x) will be the zeros of the cotangent
function.
• When the original function (tan x) is increasing,
the reciprocal function is decreasing and vice
versa.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Cotangent Function, y = cot x
π 2π 3π 4π
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Properties of the Tangent and
Reciprocal Functions
Identify the key properties of the tangent and
reciprocal functions. Generalize any properties that
could be generalized with an algebra
representation.
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
y = tan x y = csc x y = sec x y = cot x
Domain
Range
x ‐ int(s)
y ‐ int(s)
Max/Min
Asymptote(s)
Intervals of Increase
Intervals of Decrease
End Behaviours
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
y = tan x y = csc x y = sec x y = cot x
Domain
Range
x ‐ int(s) none none
y ‐ int(s) (0, 0) none (0, 1) none
Max/Min none none
Asymptote(s)
Intervals of Increase none
Intervals of Decrease none
End Behaviours none none none none
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03 Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions.notebook April 23, 2018
Homework
• Workbook Page 7 "Graphs of Reciprocal
Functions"
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