Sentence:
Subject + verb + object + complement + adverb)
( قید+ متمم+ مفعول+ فعل+ ) فاعل
Lili is my best friend.
She loves English.
They give my mom a flower in the classroom.
Sara is talking to me.
Subject: the word before verb چه کسی؟ چه
چیزی؟
Noun اسم
Noun phrase عبارت اسمی
Subject pronoun ضمایر فاعلی
Gerund اسم مصدر
Object: the word after verb چه کسی را؟ چه
چیزی را؟
Noun اسم
Noun phrase عبارت اسمی
Object pronoun ضمایر مفعولی
Gerund اسم مصدر
Verb: the action
Complement: the word after verb با چه کسی؟
ازچه کسی؟ به چه کسی؟ به کجا؟
Noun اسم
Noun phrase عبارت اسمی
Object pronoun ضمایر مفعولی
Adverb: قید
One word قید یک کلمه ای
Phrase عبارت قیدی
Nouns
Countable\ uncountable
Countable: قابل شمارش
Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted and have a
plural form.
Singular: مفرد a \ an
Car
Apple
Chair
Book
Pen
Plural: جمع /-s or -es/
\s\ ک. ف. ت. پbook, map, student, paragraph
\iz\ ایکس. ش. س. ز. چ. جorange, watch, dress,
exercise, brush, box
\z\ other sounds
Uncountable noun… غیر قابل شمارش
Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted and do
not have a plural form. It takes third person singular verb (is,
has…)
Liquids:
water, milk, tea, coffee… The coffee is so hot.
Gas:
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrate…In the air there is oxygen.
Food:
fish, chicken, kebab, shrimp… This fish serves with
rice.
Field of study:
physics, mathematics… Physics has many theories.
Proper\ common
Proper noun: the name of city,
country, person, street اسم خاص
Proper nouns are used to refer to specific people, places, or
things. They are always capitalized. Some examples of proper
nouns include:
Anne
New York
America
Rose street
Common noun: all the names اسم
عام
Common nouns are used to refer to general people,
places, things, or ideas. They are not capitalized unless
they are at the beginning of a sentence. Some examples of
common nouns include:
Dog
City
Book
Chair
Idea
Verbs
1.To be: These are verbs that connect the subject of
a sentence to a noun or adjective that describes it.
They do not describe an action, but rather a state of
being or condition
The forms of "to be" in English are:
1. Present Tense: am, is, are
2. Past Tense: was, were
3. Future Tense: will be
4. Present Participle: being
5. Past Participle: been
She is a nice girl.
They will be at home at 8:00.
He was so angry.
2.Main verbs: These are verbs that describe an
action or movement. They can be physical actions,
like "run" or "jump," or mental actions, like "think"
or "consider."
She walks to work every morning.
The kids sing the song at school.
I ate breakfast with my mom.
3.Helping verbs: These are verbs that work
together with other verbs to form verb phrases.
They are used to indicate tense, mood, or voice.
The forms of "helping verbs" in
English are:
1. Do
2. Have
3. Be
I have eaten breakfast already.
She is singing a song.
Do you like coffee?
4.Modal verbs: a type of verb in English that is used
to express different modes or attitudes of the
speaker toward the action or state of the main verb
in a sentence.
The forms of "modal verbs" in
English are:
1. Should
2. Can
3. Could
4. Will
5. Would + simple verb
6. May
7. Must
8. Might
9. …
She can play the piano very well.
You should go to bed early tonight.
We might go to the beach this weekend.
He must finish his homework before he can go out.
Simple present tense:
Talk about realities about a person: age,
nationality, sibillings… واقعیت در مورد زندگی
فرد
Talk about realities about a thing: sun, flower…
واقعیت در مورد چیزی
Talk about routines of a person روتین های
زندگی
Talk about likes and dislikes عالیق و تنفرها
1. TO BE VERBS:
Am\ Is\ Are هستم هستی هست هستیم هستید
هستند
فاعل + am\ is \ are + بقیه جمله
I am a teacher.
My husband is self-employed.
They are from Shiraz.
We are in our mid-thirties.
Negative with to be:
Am\ is \ are + not
I am not a teacher.
My husband is not self-employed.
Yes \ No question with to be:
Am\ is \ are + subject + …?
Are you a teacher?
Is your husband self-employed?
WH question with to be:
WH + am \ is \ are + subject +…?
Who is self-employed?
Where is the house?
2. Main verbs
Has\ Have\ Go\ Need\ Save\ Sit\...
\ ید- \ یم- \ د- \ ی- \ م- ( شناسه+ بن مضارع+ می
) ند-
می روم می روی می رود می رویم می روید
می روند
I \ you\ we\ they + verb
He \ she \ it + verb+ -s \-es
I work\ we work \ they work
She works\ he works \ it works
She goes\ he goes \ it goes
I work very hard on weekdays.
Roza works in the clinic from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
I go to the gym 3 times a week on odd days.
She always watches movies at nights.
He likes to play tennis, but he hates to play soccer.
Plants need water, light and soil to grow.
Animals live in the zoo.
VERB + -es\-s:
1. \s\: stops- invites- asks… ک. ف. ت.پ
2. \iz\: watches- washes- snoozes… ایکس. ش. س. ز. چ.ج
3. \z\: depends- comes-says…
Negative of simple present tense:
I \ you \ we \ they + do + not + …
She \ he \ it + does + not + …
I do not work very hard on weekdays.
Roza does not work in the clinic from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.
For making Y\N questions we use DO\ DOES:
Do+ you\we\they + simple verb+…?
Does+ she\he\it +simple verb+…?
Do you work very hard on weekdays?
Does Roza work in the clinic from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.?
For making WH questions we use DO \ DOES:
WH word+ do+ you\they\we+ simple verb+
…?
WH word+ does+ she\ he\it + simple verb+
…?
1. Which book do you like? Which+ noun
2. How many sisters do you have? How many + plural nouns
3. How much money does she need? How much+ uncountable
noun
4. Who do you talk with? (object)
5. Who talks with Ali? (subject)
6. How often do they go to the movies?
They always go to the cinema.
They often go to the cinema.
They never go to the cinema.
They go to the cinema 2 times a month.
Once a year\two times a week\three times a day\
Adjective
1.It describes NOUN, and it comes BEFORE noun:
A beautiful story
Chinese girls
A disorganized employee
2.After LINKING verbs: Be\ Become \ Get \ Keep \
Grow
The weather becomes warm in summer.
She is a Korean actress.
The team grew tired.
3.After SENSE verbs: Feel \ Taste \ Smell \ Sound \
Look \ Seem
She felt relaxed when she listened to music.
It sounds crazy.
The cake smelled and tasted good.
Adverbs
1.Modify verb
a) manner…How
she dances beautifully
she drives carefully
b) place … Where
I live there
She parks her car on the street.
c) time … When\ What time (after main
verb)
I study at night
We meet them tomorrow.
d) cause … Why
she is hungry, because she did not eat breakfast.
Since it is rainy, we cancel the meeting.
e) frequency … How often (before
main verb)
They sometimes play football on Sundays.
We visit our grandparents once a week.
2.Modify adjective= Adverbs of degree (adv+ adj)
She is so careful.
My clothes are very beautiful.
The short story was really interesting.
His speech was definitely right.
3.Modify adverbs= Adverbs of degree (adv+ adv)
She sings so beautifully.
He walks really slowly.
He works very hard.
I run so fast.
4.Modify sentence
Sadly, he had an accident.
Frankly, he is one of the best players in the world.
Generally, we work on weekends.
Fortunately, he will come.
Form:
1. regular …Adj + ly = adv
Interesting (adj) +ly = interestingly (adv)
Happy (adj) + ly = happily (adv)
Quiet (adj) + ly = quietly (adv)
Large (adj) + ly = largely (adv)
Slow (adj) + ly = slowly
2. Irregular… memorize
Good (adj)… well (adv)
Fast (adj)… fast (adv)
