AUGUST 4, 2025
Physics
Project
NAME:- SATYA KAVYA
CLASS:- XII G
ROLL NUMBER:- 36
BOARD ROLL NUMBER
SESSION:- 2024-25
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO SINCERELY THANK MY PHYSICS TEACHER,
MR. A.K. TIWARI, FOR HIS INVALUABLE GUIDANCE, INSIGHTFUL
SUGGESTIONS, AND CONSTANT ENCOURAGEMENT
THROUGHOUT THIS PROJECT.
I AM ALSO DEEPLY GRATEFUL TO MY SCHOOL FOR PROVIDING
A PLATFORM TO EXPLORE SUCH FASCINATING TOPICS AND
NURTURING MY CURIOSITY.
LASTLY, I EXTEND MY HEARTFELT THANKS TO MY FAMILY
AND FRIENDS FOR THEIR UNWAVERING SUPPORT AND
ENCOURAGEMENT.
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT SATYA KAVYA, A STUDENT
OF CLASS XII-G,HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED
THE PROJECT NAMED ;“CONSTRUCT AN
ELECTROMAGNET AND STUDY THE FACTORS
AFFECTING ITS STRENGTH” UNDER MY
SUPERVISION DURING THE ACADEMIC SESSION
2024-25
PREFACE
THIS PROJECT DELVES INTO THE FASCINATING FIELD OF
ELECTROMAGNETISM, ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS. THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE IS TO
CONSTRUCT AN ELECTROMAGNET AND EXAMINE HOW
VARIOUS FACTORS, SUCH AS THE NUMBER OF COIL TURNS,
THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT, AND THE CHOICE OF
CORE MATERIAL, INFLUENCE ITS STRENGTH.
BY INTEGRATING BOTH THEORETICAL INSIGHTS AND HANDS-
ON EXPERIMENTATION, THIS PROJECT AIMS TO FOSTER A
DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF KEY PHYSICS CONCEPTS,
HIGHLIGHTING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THEORY AND
PRACTICAL APPLICATION.
INTRODUCTION
ELECTROMAGNETISM IS A FUNDAMENTAL BRANCH OF PHYSICS THAT
EXPLORES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM.
WHEN AN ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH A CONDUCTOR, IT
GENERATES A MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND IT. THIS PRINCIPLE IS THE
FOUNDATION OF ELECTROMAGNETS, WHICH CONSIST OF A WIRE COIL
WOUND AROUND A CORE THAT GENERATES A MAGNETIC FIELD WHEN
CURRENT PASSES THROUGH IT.
WHAT MAKES ELECTROMAGNETS PARTICULARLY POWERFUL IS THE
ABILITY TO CONTROL THE STRENGTH OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD. THIS
UNIQUE FEATURE MAKES THEM INVALUABLE IN NUMEROUS
APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS ELECTRIC MOTORS, MAGNETIC CRANES, AND MRI
MACHINES.
THIS PROJECT FOCUSES ON CONSTRUCTING AN ELECTROMAGNET AND
INVESTIGATING HOW VARIOUS FACTORS—SUCH AS THE NUMBER OF
COIL TURNS, THE CURRENT INTENSITY, AND THE MATERIAL OF THE CORE
—AFFECT ITS STRENGTH.
MATERIAL
REQUIRED
1.INSULATED COPPER WIRE (1-2 METERS)
2. IRON NAIL(FOR THE CORE)
3.BATTERIES (1.5V OR 9V)
4.BATTERY HOLDER
5.ELECTRICAL TAPE PAPER CLIPS OR SMALL IRON OBJECTS
(TO TEST MAGNETIC STRENGTH)
6. STEEL ROD OR WOODEN STICK (ALTERNATIVE CORE
MATERIALS)
THEORY
1. Electromagnetic Principle:
A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field around it. This
fundamental principle of electromagnetism is the basis for creating
electromagnets, where an electric current induces magnetism in nearby
materials.
2. Construction of Electromagnets:
An electromagnet is typically made up of a ferromagnetic core (such as iron) and a coil
of wire wound around it. When an electric current flows through the coil, the magnetic
field generated by the current magnetizes the core. This results in a much stronger
magnetic field than that produced by the current alone. The strength of the
electromagnet can be adjusted by modifying the current, the number of coil turns, or
the material used for the core.
FACTORS AFFECTING
MAGNETIC STRENTH
1: Number of Turns the coils
2:Amount of flow of current
3:The Material of Core
PROCEDURE
1: More batteries can be added to alter the
strenth. Choose an iron nail to serve as the core
material. Wrap insulated wire around the nail to
form a coil, ensuring that the wrapping is secure
and uniform.
2. Connect the two ends of the wire to a 1.5V or
9V battery.
3: To test whether the electromagnet is
functioning properly, use paper clips as a test
object.
4. Additional batteries can be added to increase
the strength of the electromagnet.
GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION
DIAGRAM
1: Iron Nail: The core material, represented by an iron nail at the
center of the diagram.
2: Copper Wire Coil: The wire wrapped tightly around the nail to
form a coil. The wire should be shown winding around the nail in a
uniform pattern.
3: Battery Holder and Battery: The battery holder should be
connected at the ends of the coil, with a 1.5V or 9V battery shown
as the power source.
4: Paper Clips: Small paper clips placed near the electromagnet to
test its magnetic strength, illustrating how the electromagnet
attracts metal objects when activated.
APPLICATION
1: Electromagnetic powered cranes for lifting objects
2: Medical Imaging
3: Induction cookers
4: MRI Machines
5: Mass Spectrometers
PRECAUTIONS
1. Check Wire Insulation: Ensure that the insulation on the wire
is intact to prevent any short circuits and electrical hazards.
2. Control Current: Avoid using excessively high current to
prevent overheating of the wire or battery, which could lead to
damage or potential fire hazards.
3. Uniform Coil Winding: Wind the coil around the core uniformly
to ensure consistent results in your electromagnet's
performance.
4. Handle Batteries with Care: Always handle the batteries
carefully to prevent leakage, damage, or short-circuiting, which
could cause malfunction or injury.
CONCLUSION
The experiment demonstrates that the strength of an electromagnet
is influenced by the following factors:
1. Number of Turns: A higher number of coil turns around the core
results in stronger magnetism, as more loops generate a more
intense magnetic field.
2. Electric Current: Increasing the electric current flowing through
the coil boosts the magnetic field, making the electromagnet
stronger.
3. Core Material: Ferromagnetic materials like iron enhance the
magnetic field more effectively than non-magnetic materials.
The core material’s magnetic permeability plays a significant
role in strengthening the electromagnet.
These findings are in line with the theoretical principles of
electromagnetism, confirming the relationship between electrical
current, magnetic fields, and material properties.
