Image Filtering…
Filtering techniques are use to enhance and modify digital images.
Also, images filters are use to blurring and noise reduction ,
sharpening and edge detection. Image filters are mainly use for
suppress high (smoothing techniques) and low frequencies(image
enhancement, edge detection). Classification of image filters is as
follows.
Simple Adaptive Median filter (AMF) , Decision Based
Median Filter (DBMF) , Decision Based Untrimmed
Median Filter (DBUTM)
According to this classification, image filters can be divide in to two
main categories. Spatial filtering is the traditional method of image
filtering. it is use directly on the image pixels. Frequency domain
filters are use to remove high and low frequencies and smoothing.
Non linear filters are use to detect edges. Those filtering techniques
are more effective than linear filters. In linear filtering, image
details and edges are tend to blur. Gaussian filter, Laplacian filter
and Neighborhood Average (Mean) filter can be identify as
examples for linear filters. Median filters are non linear filters. The
next part of this article is the discussion about different linear and
non linear filters.
Median Filter…
Median filter is a non-linear filter. It replaces each pixel
values by the median values of it’s neighbor pixels. This
is the efficient way for remove salt-and-pepper noise.
The calculation of the median value is given below.
Laplacian Filter…
Laplace smoothing technique is mainly use to detect
image edges. It highlights gray level discontinuities. It
is based on second spatial derivation of an image. To
define Laplacian operator, below equation has been
used.
Laplace edge detector use only one kernel. To detect
the edges of an image, this kernel detects 2nd order
derivatives of image’s intensity levels by using only
single pass. We can use “kernel 2" for detects edges
with diagonals. It will give better approximation. Also,
Laplace method gives faster calculations than others.
Gaussian Filter…
This filter is a 2-D convolutional operator. It use to blur
images. Also, it removes details and noises. Gaussian
filter is similar to mean filter. But main difference is,
Gaussian filter use a kernel. That kernel has a shape of
gaussian hump. Gaussian kernel weights pixels at its
center much more strongly than its boundaries. There
are different gaussian kernels. Based on the kernel size,
output image will be different.
Neighbourhood Average Filter…
This filter is also called as mean filter. In average
filtering, pixel values will be replace by average values
of neighbour pixels. The calculation of average value is
as follows.
BOX Filter…
Box filter is a spatial domain linear image filter. Also,
this box filter is a low-pass filter. It’s operations are
similar to average filtering technique.
