University of Fort Hare

Dept of Mathematics
MAT 223 Test
Marks: 70 18 October 2008 Time : 2 Hours 30 Minutes

Question One
1.1 (a) List 4 properties that define an inner product on a vector space V .
(2)
(b) Let V be the vector space of continuous functions f : [0, 1] → R.
R
Show that the product (f, g) = 01 f (t)g(t)dt is an inner product on V .
(3)
(c) State the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality on an inner product space V .
(1)
(d) Define what is meant by “two vectors α and β in V are orthogonal.”
(1)
(e) Let S ⊆ V where V is an inner product space. Define what is meant
by S is orthonormal. (2)

1.2 (a) State the Gram-Schmidt process for finding an orthonormal basis
from a given basis of a vector space V . (3)
3
(b) Let S = {α1, α2, α3 } be a basis

for R , endowed

with

the

standard
1 1 1
     
inner product, where α1 =  1 , α2 =  0 , α3 =  0 . Use the
1 1 0
Gram-Schmdt process to obtain an orthonormal basis for R3 . (5)
R1
(c) Let V = P3 with the inner product given by (p(t), q(t)) = 0 p(t)q(t)dt.
Let S = {2t2 ; −t} be a basis of a subspace W of V . Obtain an orthonor-
mal basis for W . (4)

1.3 Let S = {α1 , α2, · · · , αn } be an orthonormal basis for V and α ∈ V .

P
Show that α = ni=1 ci αi where ci = (α, αi ) for all i = 1, 2, · · · , n. (3)
[24]

1
 Question Two
" # " #
a −a1
2.1 Let L : R2 → R2 be given by L( 1 ) = .
a2 a2
(i) Show that L is a linear transformation. (ii) Show that L is one-to-
one and onto. (7)
2.2 Let L : V → W be a linear transformation of a vector space V into
a vector space W . Prove that (a) ker L is a subspace of V ; (b) the
range of L, R(L), is a subspace of W ; (c) L is one-to-one if and only if
ker L = {0̄}. (9)
 
a1 " #
  a1
2.3 Let L : R3 → R2 be the linear transformation L( a2 ) = .
a2
a3
Find a basis for ker L. (3)
    
a1 1 0 1 a1
2.4 Let L : R3 → R3 be the linear transformation L(  
 a2 ) =  1 1 2   
  a2 .
a3 2 1 3 a3
(a) Show that L is not onto; (b) Find a basis for R(L) and (c) show
that L is not one-to-one. (11)
[30]

Question Three
    
a1 1 1 1 a1
    
3.1 Let L : R3 → R3 be the linear transformation L( a2 ) =  2 2 1   a2 .
a3 0 1 1 a3
Show that L is bijective (one-to-one and onto). (8)
3.2 Let L : P2 → P1 be the linear transformation L(p(t)) = p0 (t). Find
a matrix representation of L with respect to the (ordered) bases S =
{t2; −t; −1} and T = {t − 1; t + 1} for P2 and P1 respectively. Then
use the computed matrix to find L(t2 − 4t + 3). (5)
   
a1 " # a
3 2   1 1 1  1 
3.3 Let L : R → R be the linear transformation L( a2 ) =  a2 .
1 2 3
a3 a3
Find the matrix representation of L with respect to the bases S =

2
      
1 0 0 " # " #
      1 1
{ 1  ,  1  ,  0 } and T = { , } of R3 and R2 respec-
2 3
0 1 1
 
0
 
tively. Then use the computed matrix to find L( 1 ) . (6)
0

3.4 (a) Let A be a 4 × 4 matrix with |A| = α. Interchange rows 1 and 2

and rows 3 and 4 and then multiply the resulting matrix by a scalar
t 6= 0 to obtain a matrix B. Find |B| in terms of t and α. (3)
(b) Matrix Ais upper triangular.

What is the determinant of A? (2)
a a a
 
(c) Let A =  b1 b2 b3  , a 6= 0, bi 6= 0, i = 1, 2, 3. (i) Compute
2a 2a 2a
|A|, (ii) Is A non-singular? Explain. (3)
(d) If |At| = 1/2, find |A|. (1)
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