Industry Orientation And Insights

Topic: Industrial Revolution

By Mitali Singh
 Industrial Revolution
• The Industrial Revolution was a period of major mechanization and innovation that began
in Great Britain during the mid-18th and early 19th centuries and later spread throughout
much of the world.
• The first Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1700s and 1800s and was a
time of significant innovation.
• The American Industrial Revolution followed in the late 19th century and was an engine
of economic growth in the U.S. The era saw the mechanization of agriculture and
manufacturing and the introduction of new modes of transportation, including steamships,
the automobile, and airplanes. 1.The factory system replaced the cottage industry, workers
• Key Features Of the Industrial Revolution: used hand tools to make goods
2.New technologies and farm machinery allowed farmers to
produce more food with less labor, which freed up farm
workers to work in factories.
3.The construction of factories in cities created a demand
for workers, which led to the growth of cities.
 Major Inventions and Innovations
• Spinning Jenny: the British textile business was a true “cottage
industry, Britain had a long history of producing textiles like wool, linen
and cotton.
Producing cloth became faster and required less time and far less human
labor.
• Steam Power: James watt collaborated with Matthew Boulton to
invent a steam engine with a rotary motion, a key innovation that would
allow steam power to spread across British industries, including flour,
paper, and cotton mills, iron works, distilleries, waterworks and canals.
Just as steam engines needed coal, steam power allowed miners to go
deeper and extract more of this relatively cheap energy source.
• Transportation During the Industrial Revolution: Britain’s road
network, which had been relatively primitive prior to industrialization,
soon saw substantial improvements, and more than 2,000 miles of canals
were in use across Britain by 1815.
• Banking and Communication: A stock exchange was established in
London in the 1770s; the New York Stock Exchange was founded in the
early 1790s.
 Major Inventions and Innovations
• Telegraph and telephone: the electric telegraph and the
electric telephone, made reliable instantaneous communication over
great distances possible for the first time. The first practical electric
telegraph systems were created almost simultaneously in Britain and
the United States in 1837.
In 1876 Scottish-born American scientist Alexander Graham
Bell successfully demonstrated the telephone, which transmitted sound,
including that of the human voice, by means of an electric current.
• Growth in the agricultural sector: Invented by John Deere in
1837, the steel plow was a major improvement over earlier iron and
wooden plow.
• Cosmetics and wear: Elias Howe and Isaac
Singer patented sewing machines in the 1840s and ’50s.Howe
invented and patented the first practical sewing machine that used
lock-stitching.
The American inventor Jan Ernst Matzeliger created the shoe-lasting
machine in 1883.
The Spread Of Industrial
Revolution
• Spread to Continental Europe (Early to Mid-19th Century): France and
Belgium: France had some industrialization but lagged behind Britain due to
political instability and wars (Napoleonic Wars). Belgium was the first to
adopt British industrial technologies on the continent, especially in textiles
and coal mining.
Germany: Industrialization spread rapidly in Germany, especially in the western
regions (Prussia and Rhineland) by the mid-1800s, boosted by coal, iron, and a
strong education system.
. United States (Mid-19th Century):The U.S. began its industrialization in the
early 19th century, starting with textiles in New England. The U.S. contributed
several technological innovations, such as the cotton gin (Eli Whitney) and mass
production techniques, particularly in the production of firearms, textiles, and
later automobiles.
In the 1860s, Japan, after centuries of isolation, began its rapid industrialization.
Russia: Russia industrialized much later than Western Europe. Tsarist Russia
initially focused on heavy industry, especially railroads and military production.
Other Regions: India’s industrialization was largely hindered during British
colonial rule, but by the late 19th century, small-scale industries like textiles and
jute began to grow, especially in the cities.
Industrialization in Latin America was relatively slow, and much of it was
dependent on foreign investment.
Environmental and Social Consequences
• Environmental degradation: Factories released emissions into the atmosphere, which caused smog and
other air pollution. Waterways were polluted with oil and debris.
• The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased steadily, which contributed to climate change.
• Loss of biodiversity can lead to species extinction, which can put food and water supplies at risk.
• Social consequences: The Industrial Revolution established patterns of gender inequality in the workplace.
• The overcrowding of cities led to unhealthy living conditions and filth in the streets.
• Unions advocated for fair labor hours, increased safety measures, and fought against child labor.
• The Industrial Revolution continues to shape the world in many ways, including:
• The Industrial Revolution helped to establish global trade. The Industrial Revolution laid the foundation for
modern capitalism. The Industrial Revolution raised challenges related to labor rights, such as long hours, low
wages, and unsafe conditions for worker. The Industrial Revolution led to a 10-fold increase in the world's
population from 1700 to 2011. The Industrial Revolution led to many people doing much less hard physical labor
than earlier generations
 SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The First Industrial Revolution, which ended in the middle of the 19th
century, was punctuated by a slowdown in important inventions before the
Second Industrial Revolution in 1870.The Second Industrial Revolution,
also known as the Technological Revolution,[1] was a phase of
rapid scientific discovery, standardisation, mass
production and industrialisation from the late 19th century into the early 20th
century.
Socio-economic impacts: The Second Industrial Revolution made the West a
major producer of the world's goods. Mass production allowed goods to be
sold cheaply, and the West's companies began selling their goods all over the
world
Social impact: The Second Industrial Revolution led to the rapid growth of
population in industrial centers. People worked outside of their homes for the
first time since the Neolithic Revolution
Labor impact: The Second Industrial Revolution led to the rise of labor
unions and social welfare programs as workers began to demand better
working conditions and pay
Technological impact: The Second Industrial Revolution led to the invention
of the automobile, assembly line, modern lightbulb, the telegraph, the radio,
aircraft, and factory machines.
Health impact: Inventions of medicine and medical instruments reduced the
rates of infections and death from many diseases.
 THIRD INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The Third Industrial Revolution (IR3) is a period of technological
advancement that began in the 1950s and is characterized by the shift from
mechanical and analog electronics to digital electronics .Some of the key
features of the IR3 include:
Internet:
The internet is a central part of the IR3, transforming the way people
communicate and businesses operate.
Automation:
Logic processors and information technology are used to automate processes,
often without human intervention.
Renewable energy:
The IR3 combines renewable energies with internet technology to create a new
economic paradigm.
Electric vehicles:
The IR3 is expected to see a transition to electric plug-in and fuel cell
vehicles.
The IR3 is expected to create millions of jobs, thousands of new businesses,
and help lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.
 fourth industrial revolution

The fourth industrial revolution and the cyber-physical

transformation of manufacturing. The name is inspired by
Germany's Industrie 4.0, a government initiative to promote
connected manufacturing and the digital convergence of industry,
businesses and other processes
Among these technologies are robotics, artificial intelligence (AI),
internet of things (IoT) and automation
IoT technologies are a key part of Industry 4.0 and a major trend
of the last decade. IoT is the ability to connect nontraditional
computing devices to the internet or private networks
Industry 4.0 can play a key role in making factories and plants
more sustainable