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Sistem Komunikasi Nirkabel

Coverage Planning

Modul 09
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
2023
Cellular System Planning Cycle
Tahapan Perencanaan Jaringan
 Objectives of the Planning

Traffic Forecasting:
• To measure the demand on targeted marked so as to allow an appropriate growth of the
Network.
Coverage:
• To obtain the ability of the network ensure the availability of the service in the entire
service area.
Capacity:
• To support the subscriber traffic with sufficiently low blocking and delay.
Quality:
• Linking the capacity and the coverage and still provide the required QoS.
Costs:
• To enable an economical network implementation when the service is established and a
controlled network expansion during the life cycle of the network.

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

Tujuan Perencanaan Jaringan

 Network planning starts

from the bandwidth
allocation provided by
the government to a
mobile operator.
 Bandwidth allocation is
used by operators to
provide communications
services with the quality
of communication as
well as possible and for
as many users.
Network Dimensioning & Planning Tool
Cell Site Design
Memaksimalkan Coverage dan Capacity
 Cell Site Design
Search Area :
Search area Planning and zoning board :
 Searching area to place cell site/BTS
 Why the site is needed
that meet the specifications.
 How the site will improve the network
 Plot the propagation path, including
Site Qualification Test  Drawing the sketch of site
clearance.
 Mapping the area for planning & (SQT)
documentation. Electromagnetic Force (EMF) Compliance :
 EMF identify the source of EM from
SQT : the site itself and surrounding area
Site  To ensure it complies with personal
 To assure the area is viable candidate
for a cell site by measurements. Accepted? safety and government regulation
 Include a sketch of the location,  Incorporated the type of Tx, power,
antenna type, height, ERP, path frequency range, etc
clearance, and do calibration.  Method for calculating EMF, e.g. IEEE
Planning and C95.1 – 1991 standard.
Zoning Board
Site acceptance :
 If SQT is positive then the area is
EMF Compliance Site activation :
accepted to place a cell site
 When every steps above is OK, the
 If not, then area is rejected
cell site/BTS could be placed and turn
 Both site acceptance and rejection
Site activation on.
should be documented
 Implementasi Pendimensian Jaringan : Studi Kasus

STUDI KASUS

Capacity Demand Luas daerah yang dicakup

DIMENSI JARINGAN

Kapasitas Sel Cakupan Sel

KEBUTUHAN SEL

Metode Trafik Metode Cakupan Sel

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 Cakupan Sel (System Coverage)

• Cakupan sel berperan penting

Model Path loss Frekuensi Operasi
dalam menentukan wilayah-wilayah
yang mendapatkan layanan
telekomunikasi.
• Link Budget digunakan untuk Tipe
mengetahui cakupan sel. System Gain Modulasi
dan Coding
Radius
Sel

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

Propagasi, Link Budget, dan Coverage
 Link Budget
Komponen-komponen dalam perancangan link budget

• Perhitungan RADIUS secara

teoritis dilakukan pada
perancangan link budget. Gain Sistem Margin Sistem Radius Sel
• Gain sistem merupakan
budget energi dari sistem
berdasarkan profil sistem Daya Pancar Fading Margin Model Propagasi
• Margin Sistem merupakan
nilai loss yang diperkirakan
akan dialami oleh sistem Gain Antena Interference Margin Frekuensi Operasi
ketika dioperasikan.
• Radius sel merupakan Sensitivitas Loss penetrasi Tinggi Antena
keluaran dari proses Penerima bangunan pemancar/penerima
perhitungan link budget.
• Radius sel DIPREDIKSI dengan SNR threshold tiap Gain/loss sistem
Jarak Referensi
menggunakan model modulasi lainnya
propagasi.
 Link Budget

• Perhitungan link budget digunakan untuk memperkirakan maksimum redaman yang diperbolehkan
antara perangkat mobile terhadap base station.
• Pathloss maksimum memungkinkan kita melakukan perhitungan radius sel suatu BTS untuk suatu
lingkungan radio tertentu dan dengan model propagasi tertentu.
• Ukuran sel diperlukan untuk melakukan perhitungan jumlah sel yang dibutuhkan untuk meng-cover suatu
area layanan.
• Suatu model propagasi menggambarkan hubungan redaman jarak rata-rata yang terjadi yang sekaligus
dapat digunakan untuk perhitungan jangkauan sel.
• Model propagasi bergantung pada :
 Environment : urban, rural, dense urban, suburban, open, forest, sea, etc
 Jarak
 Frequency
 Kondisi atmosfer
 Indoor/outdoor
• Contoh propagasi : Free space, Walfish – Ikegami, Okumura-Hatta, Longley – Rice, Lee.
Dasar Pemahaman Link Budget

path loss
TXer RXer
Txer Rxer
component component

link budget component

Dasar Pemahaman Link Budget
 Dasar Pemahaman Link Budget

Parameter yang harus diperhatikan pada Link Budget

1. Ptx = Daya pancar BTS
2. Daya Threshold = level tertentu, tergantung dari service yang diberikan, dan QoS
yang dicapai
3. FM = Fading Margin, diberikan jika diperlukan (pada siskomsat tidak perlu FM)
4. Lp = Loss Propagasi
5. Prx = Level daya penerima MS
6. Lfr = Rx filter loss (dB)
7. Grx = Gain antena MS
8. Lp = redaman propagasi (dB)
9. Gtx = Gain antena BTS (dB)
10. Lft = Tx filter loss (dB)
11. Energy to Noise Density Ratio (Eb/No) = kualitas sinyal di penerima sangat baik

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 Link Budget - UpLink

• Frequency range, MHz • Base station parameters

- Rx ant. gain Rx jumper loss
• Mobile parameters - Rx tower top amp gain (net)
- Tx PA output (max) - Rx cable loss
- Cable loss - Rx ligthning arrester loss
- Antenna gain - Rx duplexer loss
-------- (Subsc. ERP max, dB)
- Rx diversity gain
• Environmental margins
- Rx coding gain
- Fading margin
- Rx sensitivity
- Environmental attenuation
------- Up-link budget, dB
- Cell overlap
-------------------- (dB)
 Link Budget - DownLink

• Frequency range, MHz • Environmental margins

- Tx diversity gain
• Base station parameters
- Fading margin
- Tx PA output power - Environmental attenuation
- Tx combiner loss - Cell overlap
- Tx duplexer loss (dB)
• Mobile parameters
- Tx ligthning arrester loss
- Antenna gain
- Tx cable loss - Rx diversity gain
- Tx jumper loss - Antenna cable loss
- Tx tower top amp gain - Coding gain
- Rx sensitivity
- Tx antenna gain
---------- Down-link budget, dB
(Cell ERP, dB)
Link Budget Tipikal
Link Budget Tipikal
Contoh Perhitungan Link Budget
Link Budget Arah Uplink
Link Budget Arah Downlink
Planning Coverage Studi
kasus - LTE
 Radio Planning Process Overview

• Dimensioning : Spectrum Usage, eNodeB Basic Configuration, RF Features.

• Nominal Planning : Propagation model tuning, Nominal Coverage Planning,
Capacity Analysis, Site Survey, Site Pre-Validation.
• Detailed Planning : Detailed Coverage and Capacity based on planning on
planning tools, Site Validation.
• Pre-launch Optimization : DT measurements and analysis, ENodeB
database parameter checking, Antenna tilt & azimuth tuning based in DT
analysis.

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 LTE Dimensioning Definition

LTE Spectrum Usage

Parameters Value
LTE Duplex FDD
Frequency 2100 MHz (BAND 1)
Frequency DL 2110-2170 MHz
Frequency UL 1920-1980 MHz
Bandwidth 10 MHz (50 Resource Block)
Modulasi &Coding Schemes AMC (QPSK,16QAM,64QAM) & ½ , ¾

Scheduling Proportional Fair

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 LTE Dimensioning Definition

LTE eNodeB Configuration

Parameters Value
PTx (dbm) 46 dbm
Gain Antena Tx 18 dbi
Jumper Cable 0.2 db/m
Feeder Cable 0,4db/km
Rx Sensitivity (dbm) -100 dbm
Gain Antena Rx 18 dbi
TMA / MHA 13 db
Sector 3

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

LTE Nominal Planning
Nominal Planning by Coverage
Nominal Planning by Coverage

• UL Calculate
• UL Radius Cell
• DL Calculate
• DL Radius Cell
• Radius Cell Balance
• Number of Cell
Nominal Planning by Coverage
Nominal Planning by Coverage
 Nominal Planning by Coverage
• PROPAGATION MODEL : COST231-Hata
L = 46,3 + 33,9 logfc − 13,82 loghT − a(hR ) + (44,9 − 6,55logh T )logd + CM

• Element: Frekuency A B
150 - 1500 MHz 69.55 26.16

1500 - 2000 MHz 46.3 33.9

0 dB For Rural and suburban

CM =
3 dB For Dense Urban and Urban
 Nominal Planning by Coverage
• UL Calculate
Uplink Link Budget LTE
Unit Value Info
Data Rate Kbps 1024
Transmitter - UE • MAPL = 147.67
a. Tx Power dBm 23 a
b. Tx Antenna Gain dB 0 b
c. Body Loss
d. EIRP
dB
dBm
0
23
c
a+b+c
• Radius = 0.99 Km

Receiver - eNodeB
e. Noise Figure dB 2.2 e
f. Thermal Noise dBm -107.13 k*T*B
g. SINR dB -1.95 g
h. Receiver Sensitivity dBm -106.88 e+f+g
i. Interference Margin dB 1.81 i
j. TMA Gain dB 2 j
k. Rx antenna gain dBi 18 k
l. Loss System dB 0.4 l

MAPL dB 147.67 d-h-i+j+k-l

 MAPL Calculation (Downlink Link)
Downlink Link Budget LTE
Unit Value Info
Data Rate kbps 1000
Transmitter - eNodeB
a. Tx Power dBm 46 a
b. Tx Antenna Gain dB 18 b
c. Loss System dB 3 c
d. EIRP dBm 61 a+b+c

Receiver - UE
e. Ue Noise Figure dB 7 e
f. Thermal Noise dBm -102.7 k*T*B
g. SINR dB -5 g
h. Receiver Sensitivity dBm -100.7 e+f+g
i. Interference Margin dB 3 i
j. Control Channel Overhead dB 1 j
k. Rx antenna gain dBi 0 k
l. Body Loss dB 0 l

MAPL dB 157.7 d-h-i-j+k-l

 Propagation Model

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 Pathloss SUI

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 Radius Calculation

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 Radius Calculation

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

 Number of eNodeB

Modul 08 – Capacity Planning

Nominal Planning by Coverage
See You in the Next Class
 Sistem Antena Base Station (BTS)

Gain antenna,
Beam antenna

Feeder Loss

Tx Power
Receiver Sensitivity
Noise Figure, dll
WiMAX