BASIC CIVIL&MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
1 – MARK ANSWERS
BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING:
UNIT – 1:
1. Enlist the safety measures in Civil engineering?
A. fall protection, following safety signs and awareness of
surroundings.
2. Enlist the roles in Civil engineering.
A. Transportation Infrastructure, Water resource management.
3. Define Geotechnical engineering.
A. Geotechnical engineering studies how soil and rock behave under
different conditions.
4. Define Environmental engineering.
A. Environmental engineering applies to improve and maintain the
environment to protect human health.
5. Enlist composition of brick.
A. Alumina (20-30%), Silica (50-60%), lime (1-5%) and Iron (5-6%).
6. What is role of steel in concrete.
A. Steel enhances the tensile strength of plain concrete.
7. What are initial and final setting times.
A. The initial setting is time when chemical reaction between cement
and water is start.
Final setting is the time when the chemical reaction between cement
and water is finished.
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8. Differentiate PCC and RCC.
A. PCC consists of cement, aggregates and water.
RCC consists of steel bars or mesh.
9. What are the grades of cement and concrete.
A. Grades of cement are 33, 43, and 53.
Grades of concrete are M5, M7.5 and M10.
10. List the harmful ingredients in cement.
A. Magnesium oxide (MgO2) and Alkali Oxide (K2O).
UNIT – 2:
1. List the types of Structures.
A. Load Bearing, Framed and Truss.
2. Differentiate prospect and elegance.
A. Prospect means blocking of undesirable views.
Elegance refers to the planning of elevation and layout of the plane
to give an impressive appearance to the building.
3. Define parapet wall.
A. A parapet wall is a barrier that is an upward extension of a wall at
the edge of a roof.
4. Enlist the factors effecting on building planning.
A. Site, Climate and Orientation.
5. Define Sills and Chejjas.
A. A sill is a horizontal structural element in construction.
A chejja is a projecting horizontal element on the exterior wall of a
building.
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6. Define DPC.
A. DPC stands for Damp Proof Course, a barrier that prevents
moisture from rising up through a building wall.
7. Define and classify the types of shallow foundations?
A. A foundation is shallow if its depth is equal to or less than its
width.
Types of Shallow foundation are: Spread footing, combined footing.
8. Define and classify types of Deep foundations?
A. A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building
loads to the earth.
Types of Deep foundations are: Basement foundation, Pier
foundation.
9. List the requirements of foundations.
A. Site selection, soil investigation, depth, width and thickness.
10. List the functions of foundations.
A. i) Distribution of loads
ii) Safe against undermining.
iii) Provide level surface.
UNIT – 3:
1. Define surveying.
A. The process of measuring and mapping the physical features if the
earth to determine the positions and distances.
2. Classify types of surveying?
A. Purpose, Area, Instruments and method.
3. List the modes of transportation.
A. Roadways, Railways, Airways, Railways and Seaways
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4. State the principles of surveying.
A. Work from whole to part, Locate a new station at least two
measurements.
5. List types of highways.
A. State highways, National highways and Internal Highways.
6. Define Sluice.
A. A sluice is a water channel that has a gate to control the flow of
water and the water level.
7. Define hydrology.
A. The study of distribution and movement of water is called
hydrology.
8. Differentiate dam and reservoir.
A. A dam is a physical structure that stores water.
A reservoir is the body of water that is created by the dam.
9. Classify types of dams.
A. Butress dam, Gravity dam, Arch dam and steel dams.
10. Differentiate Sublimation and Deposition.
A. A substance changes from a solid to gas is called sublimation.
A substance changes from gas to solid is called deposition.
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BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING:
UNIT – 1:
1. What are ferrous materials? List any two properties.
A. A ferrous with the descriptor ferrous means that it has iron in its
composition.
Properties of Ferrous metals are Magnetic and Tensile Strength.
2. Write a short note on smart materials.
A. Metals that have properties that can respond dynamically to
changes in their environment.
3. State the different forms of energy.
A. Chemical energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy and nuclear
energy.
4. Write any two nonferrous materials.
A. Aluminum, Copper, lead and nickel.
5. What is composite material.
A. A combination of two materials with different physical and
chemical properties.
6. Write technologies used in Manufacturing industry.
A. Robotics, Augmented reality, AI and Internet of things.
7. Write a short note on ceramics?
A. A ceramic is a material that is neither metallic nor organic.
8. What are the subdisciplines of mechanical engineering.
A. Mechatronics, Fluid mechanics and Automobile engineering.
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9. Write any two roles of mechanical engineers in Automotive
industry.
A. Autonomous vehicles, Electric & Hybrid Vehicles.
10. List out types of Engineering materials?
A. Metals and polymers
UNIT – 2:
1. Define Engine. What are various types of engines.
A. An engine is a device that converts energy into mechanical motion
and force engines
Various Types of Engines are: Internal combustion engine (ICE),
External combustion engine s and V Engines.
2. Define casting in manufacturing process.
A. Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is
usually poured into a mould.
3. What are four strokes in petrol engine.
A. Intake, Compression, Power and Exhaust.
4. Define the term refrigeration.
A. Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance,
space or object and transferring it to other substance.
5. Define machining process.
A. Manufacturing process that involves removing material from a
larger piece of material to create a desired shape.
6. Write any two forming processes.
A. Extrusion and rolling.
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7. Draw P-V and T-S diagram of Otto cycle.
A.
8. Write various components in hybrid vehicles.
A. Internal Combustion engine, electric motor, and battery.
9. Draw P-V and T-S diagram of Diesel cycle
A.
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10. Write a short note on Welding process.
A. Welding is a fabrication process that permanently joins two or
more metal pieces together by applying heat.
UNIT – 3:
1. What are the drives used in mechanical power transmission
systems.
A. Belt, chains and gears.
2. What is Turbine?
A. A turbine is a mechanical device that converts the energy of a fluid
into mechanical energy.
3. What is the advantage of nuclear power plant over thermal
power plant.
A. Nuclear energy produces nearly zero carbon dioxide or other
greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Write the applications of belt drive?
A. Automotive, Manufacturing and Food processing.
5. Define the term Robot.
A. A robot is a machine that can perform tasks with little to human
intervention.
6. What is air conditioning?
A. A system that controls the temperature, humidity and quantity of
air in an enclosed space.
7. What is function of boiler.
A. The main function of boiler is to produce a hot water or steam.
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8. What is meant by chain drive?
A. A chain drive consists of sprockets and chains working together to
transmit power.
9. What is the power plant? List out any two power plants
A. A powerplant is an industrial facility that generates electricity from
primary energy. Hydroelectric powerplant, Thermal power plant.
10. Write about gear drive?
A. Gear drives are packaged units used for a wide range of power
transmission applications.
