BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.

Power Plant Design with Renewable Energy

ME 416
ST
1 SEMESTER, A.Y 2024 - 2025

Hybrid Hydro Power Plant Design in Abatan River,

Maribojoc, Bohol

AÑORA, CHRISTIAN
BENEDICTO, NED RYAN
DELA CRUZ, ISAIAH DAVID
ROMA, CRISTINE JOANA

BSME 4B
 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
ENGR. JUANITO ORIGINES JR.

INSTRUCTOR
 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
Table of Contents

Table of Contents .............................................................................

I. Introduction ...............................................................................
Project Description ..........................................................................................................................................
Project Rationale .............................................................................................................................................
II. Power Plant Design and Energy Analysis ...................................................................................................
Meeting the Load ............................................................................................................................................
Bohol Load Curve ...........................................................................................................................................
Table 1 Forecasted Demand of Bohol from 2014-2043 ...........................................................................
Plant Capacity .................................................................................................................................................
Project Components / Equipment Specifications ...........................................................................................
Electric Generator Specifications .......................................................................................................
Turbine Specifications ........................................................................................................................
Boiler Specifications ............................................................................................................................
Site Identification .............................................................................................................................................
Hydrological Study ....................................................................................................................................
Elevation .............................................................................................................................................
Table 2.1 Elevation along Abatan River’s Watershed ..................................................................
Slope ...................................................................................................................................................
Table 2.2 Slope Classification in Abatan Watershed ...................................................................
Flow Measurement .............................................................................................................................
Table 2.3 Estimated Annual Water Yield ......................................................................................
Possible Head ...........................................................................................................................................
Energy Analysis ..............................................................................................................................................
Project Location, Area, and Building ..............................................................................................................
Figure 2.1 Possible Location 1 at San Isidro, Balilihan, Bohol ................................................................
III. Power Plant Economics ................................................................................................................................
Fixed Element ...........................................................................................................................................
Capital Cost of the power plant ..........................................................................................................
Capital Cost of Primary distribution system .......................................................................................
Management Cost ...............................................................................................................................
Energy Element ........................................................................................................................................
Cost of fuel ..........................................................................................................................................
Cost of labor ........................................................................................................................................
Cost of water for boiler feed, condenser, cooling tower .....................................................................
Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................
Customer Element ....................................................................................................................................
 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
Cost of secondary distribution system ................................................................................................
Labor Cost ...........................................................................................................................................
Cost of Franchise ................................................................................................................................
Publicity ...............................................................................................................................................
Cost of Energy per kW-hr .........................................................................................................................
Return of Investment ................................................................................................................................
Environmental, Health and safety, Social and Ethical concerns ..................................................................
Environmental Concerns ................................................................................................................................
Health and Safety Concerns ...........................................................................................................................
Social and Ethical Concerns ...........................................................................................................................
References ......................................................................................................................................................
 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
I. Introduction

Project Description

The proposed hybrid power plant is a cutting-edge energy

infrastructure intended to promote the shift to cleaner and more

sustainable energy sources while satisfying Bohol's increasing need for

electricity. The plant's major energy source is a 10-30 MW hydroelectric

system, which takes advantage of the province's extensive water resources

to produce a reliable and sustainable baseload power supply. In addition,

the plant includes 20 MW of wind power and a 20 MW / 40 MWh Battery Energy

Storage System (BESS) to alleviate demand variability and maximize overall

plant efficiency. A 20-40 MW diesel or natural gas backup generator ensures

energy reliability during peak loads and crises, resulting in a strong

hybrid system that combines sustainability and operational stability.

The hydropower component, which produces continuous energy and is

highly efficient, serves as the hybrid system's backbone, giving a

renewable and cost-effective base. Wind power provides daytime energy,

reducing dependency on conventional electricity, while the BESS stores

excess energy during low-demand periods for later usage during peak hours.

This integrated design not only maximizes resource usage but also coincides

with environmental and economic goals, guaranteeing that Bohol has a

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
consistent and sustainable power supply to meet its development demands

while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental effect.

Project Rationale
The proposed hybrid power plant tackles the province of Bohol's

significant energy concerns, which include rising electricity consumption,

reliance on imported fossil fuels, and vulnerability to supply disruptions.

With Bohol's energy usage steadily increasing, as evidenced by the 2021

NGCP data, there is an urgent need for a dependable, sustainable, and

locally sourced energy solution. This hybrid plant, based on hydroelectric

power, uses the province's natural water resources to provide a renewable

baseload while also incorporating wind energy and a Battery Energy Storage

System (BESS) to meet peak demand and improve grid reliability. By merging

diverse energy sources, the project provides a flexible and future-proof

solution that ensures energy security and reliability for both households

and businesses.

Furthermore, the hybrid arrangement is consistent with national

targets for renewable energy integration and decarbonization. Hydroelectric

power, as the principal component, provides a low-carbon, cost-effective,

and steady energy source while reducing dependency on fossil fuels. The

integration of solar PV and BESS improves the plant's operational

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
flexibility by efficiently storing and utilizing extra electricity during

peak hours. This method not only reduces environmental effect, but it also

improves energy affordability and economic resilience by keeping energy

costs stable. The project demonstrates a dedication to sustainable

development, environmental management, and community well-being, making it

a cornerstone of Bohol's energy future.

II. Power Plant Design and Energy Analysis

Meeting the Load

Bohol Load Curve

Bohol's electricity demand is expected to reach 80 MW in 2024,

reflecting the island's increasing energy requirements. The growth of

tourism, a major industry in Bohol, continuous economic development, and

urbanization are probably the main causes of this increase in demand.

Reliable energy supply is becoming ever more important as the province

develops its infrastructure, adding new residential and business sectors.

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.

Table 1 Forecasted Demand of Bohol from 2014-2043

In 2014, Executive Order No. 13 established the Bohol Energy

Development Advisory Group (BEDAG), which serves as an advisory council

composed of diverse stakeholders in the energy sector. This group was

tasked with formulating the Bohol Island Power Development Plan (BIPDP) for

2016-2045, aimed at ensuring an adequate, reliable, affordable, and

environmentally friendly power supply. The planning process emphasizes the

importance of resilience in the face of natural disasters, integrating a

bottom-up approach that involves local communities and stakeholders in

energy planning and decision-making. As of 2023, Bohol's energy demand has

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
continued to grow, reflecting the province's recovery and economic

development. The latest annual load curve indicates a significant increase

in both total energy consumption and peak demand, with projections

suggesting that total energy demand could exceed 1,000 GWh annually and

peak demand reaching around 113 MW. The load profile reveals a distinct

pattern, with low demand during the early morning hours and peaks in the

evening, driven primarily by residential and commercial usage. This pattern

underscores the need for a robust energy supply strategy that can

accommodate these fluctuations. The 8760-hour typical or average annual

load profile of the franchise area is an important determinant in the mix

of baseload and peaking capacity requirements. A load profile which is

relatively flat or has a high load factor will require more baseload

capacity in the mix compared to one with a lower load factor. On the other

hand, a load profile that is relatively steep or has a low load factor will

require more peaking capacity than that with a higher load factor. For

purposes of illustration, we show the 24-hour combined load profile of the

whole province of Bohol. Distribution utilities with predominantly rural

loads, such as BOHECO I and BOHECO II, will tend to have lower load factors

than those servicing urban loads like BLCI.

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.

Plant Capacity

Project Components / Equipment

Specifications

Electric Generator Specifications

Steam Turbine Specifications

Turbine Specifications

Boiler Specifications

Site Identification

When designing a hydro power plant, site selection is essential since it

affects the project's viability, effectiveness, and environmental impact. Water

availability, elevation (head), flow rate, and infrastructural accessibility are

all factors to consider when choosing a site because they all have an impact on

the potential to generate electricity. Furthermore, site selection reduces social

effects, ecological disturbances, and construction difficulties, guaranteeing that

the plant runs effectively and sustainably in its natural and community setting.

Hydrological Study

The area of a watershed impacts peak flow and the time it takes to

reach a certain station. As the extent of the watershed rises, peak flow

falls, and runoff takes longer to reach a given station.

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
The Abatan Watershed covers 38,628 acres and acts as a catchment

region for precipitation. It has an impact on 573 hectares of mangroves and

84 ha of coral reefs in Maribojoc Bay. The watershed consists of 8 sub-

watersheds: Magsija, Sal-ing, Sinakayanan, Sampilangon, Danicop, Ugay,

Antequera (Tubig Daku) and Bacong. The Sampilangon Sub-watershed is the

largest, spanning the headwaters from Catigbian, San Isidro, and Tubigon to

Sagbayan and Clarin.

Elevation

A watershed's elevation variances, median elevation, and

mean elevation are significant variables associated with

rainfall and temperature. When comparing one watershed to

another, these criteria are also helpful.

Approximately 90% of the watershed is below 300 masl, as

Table 2.1 illustrates. The watershed's upstream and midstream

drainage systems are poorly defined, most likely due to the

terrain's uneven terrain with flat patches interspersed with

hills. But at 466 meters above sea level, the Candungao peak in

San Isidro town is the highest point in the Abatan Watershed.

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
Table 2.1 Elevation along Abatan River’s Watershed

Elevation (masl) Area (Hectares) Percent (%)

0–100 13,708 35.5%

100–200 12,690 32.8%

200–300 11,578 30.0%

300–400 610 1.6%

400–500 42 0.1%

Over 500 0 0.0%

Total 38,628 100.0%

Source: Abatan-Watershed-Characterization-Report.pdf

Slope
The slope of a watershed significantly impacts hydrologic

parameters, including floodwater magnitude, overland flow, and

rainfall concentration on rivers. A steeper slope increases the

likelihood of floods.

Table 2.2 Slope Classification in Abatan Watershed

Source: Abatan-Watershed-Characterization-Report.pdf
 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.

Table 2.2 illustrates the diverse terrain of the Abatan

Watershed, ranging from coastal to mountainous areas.

Agriculture thrives in areas with a slope of less than 18%, which

account for over 60% of the watershed. Rolling terrain with a

slope of 18-30% accounts for approximately 22,5% of the total

area, whereas steep sections with a slope of 30-50% cover

6,627 ha, or 17.1%. Extraction activities should be banned in

areas above 50% slope, which account for less than 1% of the

watershed.

Flow Measurement

Water yield was computed based on monthly and annual

flow statistics from 1984 to 2000. The data was translated to

reflect the larger watershed area using the Basin-Factor Ratio

Method. Dependable flows reflect the percentage of time that

Flow-duration analysis was used to determine if the flow was

equal to or exceeded at the 80% and 90% likelihood levels.

Table 2.3 Estimated Annual Water Yield

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.

Source: Abatan-Watershed-Characterization-Report.pdf

Possible Head

The Abatan River's potential head, estimated to be between 10 and 30

meters, provides a realistic range for establishing a small to medium

hydropower project. This head range is often appropriate for medium-head

turbines such as Francis or Kaplan turbines, which can function efficiently

within these constraints, making them perfect for capturing the river's

potential energy.

Energy Analysis

Project Location, Area, and

Building

The main hydropower component of the proposed hybrid power plant

would be best situated in Camugao Falls in San Isidro, Balilihan, Bohol.

The location, which is 96 meters above sea level, is perfect for a small-

to-medium-sized hydroelectric plant. The natural water flow provided by

Camugao Falls may be effectively captured to produce steady, renewable

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
energy. The height maximizes turbine efficiency and permits a steady energy

production by guaranteeing enough water head for power generation.

Furthermore, the site's closeness to local infrastructure and existing

highways streamlines building and operating logistics while lowering

expenses.

Because of its advantageous location in the center of Bohol, San

Isidro is better equipped to act as a hub for the province's power

distribution. The topography of the region facilitates the deployment of a

small scale wind farm and other renewable energy sources in addition to the

hydropower plant. By optimizing energy generation and storage, this hybrid

system will sustainably meet the province's energy needs. The Camugao Falls

location has been found, and Figure 2.1 below illustrates how appropriate

it is for the proposed hydroelectric infrastructure.

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.

Figure 2.1 Possible Location 1 at San Isidro, Balilihan, Bohol

Source: Google Earth

III. Power Plant Economics

Fixed Element

Capital Cost of the power plant

Capital Cost of Primary distribution system

Management Cost

Energy Element

Cost of fuel

Cost of labor

Cost of water for boiler feed, condenser, cooling tower

Maintenance

Customer Element
 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
Cost of secondary distribution system

Labor Cost

Cost of Franchise

Publicity

Cost of Energy per kW-hr

Return of Investment

Environmental, Health and safety, Social and Ethical concerns

Environmental Concerns

Health and Safety Concerns

Social and Ethical Concerns

 BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
M
ain Campus
Vision: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of world
class and virtuous human resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
country.
Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and
technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the
country.
References

Abatan-Watershed-Characterization-Report.pdf