1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SOL Standard Page Number
SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 3

SOL G.3b – Parallel vs Perpendicular 12

SOL G.3c – Symmetry 15

SOL G.3d – Transformations 18

SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 27

SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 34

SOL G.4 – Constructions 42

SOL G.5 – Triangle Properties 51

SOL G.6 – Congruent Triangles 55

SOL G.7 – Similar Triangles 60

SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 62

SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 71

SOL G.10 -Convex Polygons 84

SOL G.12 – Equations of a Circle 91

SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 95

SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 112

SOL G.14 – Proportional Figures 119

SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 3

The Coordinate Plane

In the coordinate plane, the horizontal line is called the ______________________

and the vertical number line is called the ____________________. The point where

both lines intersect is called the ________________. At the ______________ both

the _______ and ________ values are ______________

SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 4

The coordinate plane is separated into _____________________. There are __________________

.
SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 5

Distance Formula
To find the distance between two points, use the formula:

Examples:

1. Find the distance between (-3, 2) and (4, 1)

2. Find the distance between (8, 10) and (0, 0)

3.
SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 6

Practice:
In each of the following problems find the distance between the two points

Answer:

Answer:

Answer:

Answer:
SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 7

Midpoint Formula
To find the midpoint between two points, use the formula:

Examples:

1. Find the midpoint between (-2, 5) and (6, 4)

2. Find the midpoint between (-4, 4) and (5, 1)

3.
SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 8

Practice:

1. In the graph below, find the midpoint between the two endpoints

2.
SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 9

3.

4.
How far is point A from the midpoint of the diagonal ####
𝐵𝐷 ?
SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 10

Slope:
In a coordinate plane, the slope of a line is the ratio of its vertical (_________) over its horizontal

(___________).
To find the slope from two points, use the formula:

Example:

1. Find the slope between (-2, -1) and (4, 5)

2. Find the slope between (3, 8) and (9, 7)

SOL G.3a – Distance, Midpoint, and Slope 11

Describing Lines
There are four types of slopes:
Type of Slope Line

Positive

Negative

Zero

Undefined (No Slope)

Example:
1. Find the slope between (4, -5) and (3, -5) and describe it

2. Find the slope between (3, 4) and (3, -2) and describe it

3.
SOL G.3b – Parallel vs Perpendicular 12

Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

- Two nonvertical lines have the ________ slope if and only if they are _______

o All _______________ lines are __________

- Two nonvertical lines are ____________ if and only if the _____________ of

their slopes are _________.

o Vertical and horizontal lines are _______________

!
o The _________ _________ of " is _______________

o The product of ___________ slopes is ______

Example:

1.

2.
SOL G.3b – Parallel vs Perpendicular 13

Practice:
1. Given the point A (1, 1), B (-1, -5), C (3, 2), D (6, 1). Determine whether
!" 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ! " are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.
#$ %&

2. Given the point A (14, 13), B (-11, 0), C (-3, 7), D (-4, -5). Determine whether
!
" 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ! " are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.
#$ %&
SOL G.3b – Parallel vs Perpendicular 14

3. The slope of a line perpendicular to the line 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 is?

4.
' (
a. The equation of line o is 𝑦 = ! 𝑥 + ! and the equation of line p is
2
𝑦 = −3𝑥 +
3

b. The product of the slopes is -1

' (
c. The equation of line o is 𝑦 = ! 𝑥 + ! and the equation of line p is
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
' (
d. The equation of line o is 𝑦 = ! 𝑥 + ! and the equation of line p is
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 2
SOL G.3c – Symmetry 15

Definitions:

Symmetry - _________________________________________________________

Line Symmetry - _____________________________________________________

A ____________ polygon that is made of __ sides has ___ lines of symmetry

- A square has _____ sides thus has ______ sides of symmetry

Regular Polygon - _____________________________________________________

Some shapes may have no line symmetry

Example:

1.

2.

3.
SOL G.3c – Symmetry 16

Point Symmetry - _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

- Point Symmetry may also be referred to as ____________________________

Standard Degree Point Symmetry:

******SOME FIGURES MAY HAVE BOTH POINT AND LINE SYMMETRY*****

SOL G.3c – Symmetry 17

Examples:

1.

2.

3.

4. Using the English alphabet, describe a letter that has point and line symmetry.
SOL G.3d – Transformations 18

Types of Transformations
There are 4 type of transformations:

Transformation Type Definition

Reflections

Translations (or slides)

Rotations

Dilations
SOL G.3d – Transformations 19

Reflections:
To reflect across the x-axis:
Step Rule
Count the number of spaces the point is
1
away from the x-axis
Starting at the x-axis, count the same
2
number of spaces in the other direction

To reflect across the y-axis:

Step Rule
Count the number of spaces the point is
1
away from the y-axis
Starting at the y-axis, count the same
2
number of spaces in the other direction

Example:

1.

2.
SOL G.3d – Transformations 20

Reflections across specific lines:

- To reflect a figure across the line y = a or x = a, mark the corresponding points
equidistant from the line
o This mean if a point is 2 units above the lite its reflected image point
must be 2 points below the line

Example:

1.
SOL G.3d – Transformations 21

2. Given t ⊿𝐴𝐵𝐶 , with A (2,3), B(-3, 6) and C (-6, 2), reflect ⊿𝐴𝐵𝐶 across the
line y = 1
SOL G.3d – Transformations 22

Translations (slides)
- If a point is moved “a” units to the _______________ and “b” units _______,

then the translated point will be (__________________, _______________)

- If a point is moved “a” units to the ______________ and “b” units ________,

then the translated point will be (__________________, _______________)

Practice:
SOL G.3d – Transformations 23

Example:
1. Given ⊿𝐴𝐵𝐶 , with A (-2,3), B(-3, 1) and C (-6, 2), translate ⊿𝐴𝐵𝐶 3 units to
the right and 5 units down.
 SOL G.3d – Transformations 24

Rotations:
- When an image is rotated clockwise it is rotated to the ___________________

- When an image is rotated counterclockwise it is rotated to the _____________

Type of Rotation Examples

(3, 1) →
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 90° 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 270 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 (−2, 3) →
__________ the sign of x and _________the order of x and y
(−3, −3) →
(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)
(1, −4) →

(3, 1) →

𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 90° 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 270 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 (−2, 3) →

__________ the sign of y and _________the order of x and y (−3, −3) →

(𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) (1, −4) →

(3, 1) →

𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 180° (−2, 3) →

Keep the ________ and _________ the sign of both x and y (−3, −3) →
(𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) (1, −4) →
SOL G.3d – Transformations 25

Dilations:
Since a dilation changes figures proportionately, it has a scale factor k.

- If the absolute value of k is _______________ than 1, the dilation is an

_______________________________

- If the absolute value of k is between 0 and 1, the dilation is a ______________

- If the absolute value of k is equal to 0, the dilation is a ___________________

_________________ (no size change occurs)

Practice:

1.
SOL G.3d – Transformations 26

Example:
SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 27

Definitions:
Conditional Statement - ________________________________________________

- Example:

Conditional statements have two parts ________________ and ________________

- ______________ is the statement that follows the _________

- ______________ is the statement that follows the ________

Practice:

1.

2.
’
SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 28

Writing Conditional Statements:

Conditional statements can be written in ________________ form to emphasize
which part is the hypothesis and conclusion

Example:
For each of the following problems write a conditional statement

1. Vertical angles are congruent

2. Seals are able to swim

3. All students love pizza

Conditional statements can be written using the word “implies”

Example:
For each of the following problems write a conditional statement

1. Vertical angles are congruent

2. Seals are able to swim

3. All students love pizza

True and False Conditional Statements:

A conditional statement is false only when the _______________ is __________ but

the _______________ is ___________

 SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 29

A _____________________ is an example used to show that a statement is not

always true

Example:
For each of the following statements determine if it is true or false, if false provide a
counter example

1. If the sum of two number is 10, then the two numbers are 8 and 2

2. If you a number is even, then it is a multiple of 2

3. If you live in Virginia, then you live in Southampton County

Symbolic Form
Symbols can be used to modify or connect statements

- We use the letter ______ to represent the ___________________

- We use the letter ______ to represent the ___________________

Symbol Meaning

∴
SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 30

Examples:
For each of the following problems write the symbolic form of the conditional
statement

1. Let p = Line A has the same slope as line B. Let q = Parallel lines have the same
slope.
Argument:
o If line A and line B have the same slope, then the lines are parallel

o Line A has slope of 3 and line B has a slope of 2

o Therefore, line A is not parallel to line B

2. A number is even and it is divisible by 3

3. A number is even or it is divisible by 2.

4. If it is cloudy and the ground it wet, then it is raining outside.

5. Given p = vertical angles are congruent and q = two lines are not parallel. Write
the statement that represents 𝑝 ^ ~𝑞
SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 31

Forms of Conditional Statements:

Converse - __________________________________________________________

Inverse - ___________________________________________________________

Contrapositive - ______________________________________________________

- The contrapositive is _________________ /_____________ as the original

statement
Example:

1. What is the converse of the statement: If it is hot outside, then I am staying

indoors”?

2.

3. What is the contrapositive of ~𝑞 → ~𝑝

SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 32

Practice:

1.

2.

Biconditional Statements:

Biconditional Statements: ______________________________________________

Biconditional Statements use the phrase _______________________

- The symbol use for biconditional statements is ↔

 SOL G.1 – Conditional Statements 33

Laws of Conditional Statements

Law Procedure and Example

Example:

Law of Detachment

You are given a true conditional statement and the hypothesis

occurs; you can occlude that the conclusion will also occur

Example:
Law of Syllogism

You are given two true conditional statements and the

conclusion of the first is the hypothesis of the second, you can
conclude that if the hypothesis of the first occurs then the
conclusion of the second will also occur

(take out what is repeated)

SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 34

Definitions:
Parallel Lines - _______________________________________________________

- The symbol used for parallel lines is ______________________’

- The symbol ___________ means that two lines are not parallel

Complementary Angles - _______________________________________________

Supplementary Angles - ________________________________________________

Interior vs Exterior
Interior:

The space ______________ two lines

Exterior:

The space ______________ two lines

Transversals - _______________________________________________________

Examples of Transversals
 SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 35

Transversals:

Angle Definition Example

The angles that lie on the ______________ of two parallel lines

Interior Angles
cut by a transversal

The angles that lie on the ______________ of two parallel lines

Exterior Angles
cut by a transversal

Two angles that lie ________________ parallel lines

Alternate
Interior Angles
on ________________ sides of the transversal

Two angles that lie ________________ parallel lines

Alternate
Exterior Angles
on ________________ sides of the transversal

Two angles that occupy _______________ positions

Corresponding
Angles
Corresponding angles are ___________________ (if lines are parallel)

Two angles that lie ________ parallel lines on the _______ side of the
Consecutive
Interior Angles
transversal

Two angles that lie _____________ parallel lines on the ___________

Consecutive
Exterior Angles
side of the transversal
SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 36
SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 37

Adjacent Angles - ____________________________________________________

Vertical Angles - __________________________________________________

- Vertical angles are ____________________________

SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 38

Practice:
SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 39

Examples

1.

2.
SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 40

3.

4.
SOL G.2 – Angle Relations 41

5.

6.
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 42

Line Segment Congruent to a Given Line Segment

Rule Image

Using your compass place the

pointer at Point A and extend it
until reaches Point B. Your compass
now has the measure of AB.

Place your pointer at A’ ant then

create the arc using your compass.
The intersection is the same radii,
thus the same distance as AB. The
result should be the copied length of
AB
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 43

Perpendicular Bisector of a Line Segment

Rule Image

SSSS
Given 𝐴𝐵

Place your pointer at A, extend your

compass so that the distance exceeds
half way. Create an arc

Without changing your compass

measurement, place your point at B
and create the same arc. The two
arcs will intersect. Label those points
C and D

Place your straightedge on the paper

and create !"
%&

This makes CD as the perpendicular

of AB
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 44

Perpendicular to Given Line from a Point not a Line

Rule Image

Given a point C not on the line

Place your pointer at C, and extend it

so that it will intersect with the line
in two places. Label the intersections
D and E

Using the same distance, place your

pointer on point C and create an arc
on the opposite side of point A

Do the same things as step (3) but

placing your pointer on point B.
Label the intersection of two arcs as
point D.

Create line AD. This makes AD

perpendicular to the given line
through point A
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 45

Perpendicular to a Given Line through a Point not on the Line:

Rule Image

Given a point on a line

Place your pointer a point C. Create

arcs equal distant from C on both
sides using any distance. Label the
intersection points D and E

Using the same distance, place your

pointer on point C and create an arc
above and below point A

Place your pointer on point C and

using the same distance, create an
arc above and below A. Label the
intersections as points D and E

Create line DE. DE is perpendicular

to the line through A
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 46

Bisector of a Given Angle

Rule Image

Given a point C not on the line

Create an arc of any size, such that it

intersects both rays of the angle.
Label those B and C

Leaving the compass, the same

measurement, place your pointer on
point B and create an arc in the
interior of the angle
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 47

Do the same as step 3 but placing

your pointer at point C. Label the
intersection D.

Create AD. AD is the angle bisector.

 SOL G.4 – Constructions 48

Angle Congruent to a given angle

Rule Image

Given an angle and a ray

Create an arc of any size, such that it

intersects both rays of the angle.
Label those points B and C

Create the same arc by placing your

pointer A’. The intersection with the
ray is B’.
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 49

Place your compass at point B and

measure the distance from B to C. Use
the distance to make an arc form B’.
The intersection of the two arcs is C’

Draw the ray A’C’. This angle is

congruent to a given angle
 SOL G.4 – Constructions 50

Line Parallel to a Given Line Through a Point not on the line

Rule Image

Given a point not on the line

Place your pointer at B and measure

form B to C. Now place your pointer
at C and use that distance to create
an arc. Label that intersection D

Using the same distance place your

pointer at A, and create an arc

Now place your pointer at C, and

measure the distance from C to A.
Using that distance place your
pointer at D and create an arc that
intersects the one already created.
Label that point E

Create AE
SOL G.5 – Triangle Properties 51

Triangle Inequality

The ______________ side is across from the ____________ angle.

The _______________ angle is across from the ________________ side.

Example:

Triangle Inequality Theorem:

The sum of the length of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the
third side.

Example
Determine if it is possible to draw a triangle wit side measure 12, 11, and 17
SOL G.5 – Triangle Properties 52

Range of the Third Side:

- Since the third side cannot be larger than the other two added together, we find

the ____________ value by _________________ the two sides.

- Since the third side and the smallest side cannot be larger than the other side,

we find the __________________ value by ________________ the two sides.

Example:

1. Given a triangle with sides of length 3 and 8, find the range of possible values
for the third side.

2. Given a triangle with sides length 18 and 10, find the range of possible values
for the third side.
SOL G.5 – Triangle Properties 53

Practice:

1.

2.

3.
SOL G.5 – Triangle Properties 54

4.

5.
 SOL G.6 – Congruent Triangles 55

Congruence Theorems:

Congruence Theorems Rules

Side – Side – Side (SSS)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Side – Angle – Side (SAS)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Angle – Side – Angle (ASA)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Angle – Angle – Side (AAS)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

YOU CAN NOT HAVE ANGLE-ANGLE-ANGLE(AAA), SIDE-SIDE-

ANGLE (SSA), OR ANGLE – SIDE – SIDE (ASS)
SOL G.6 – Congruent Triangles 56

Right Triangle Congruence:

Hypotenuse Leg - _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

YOU CAN NOT HAVE ANGLE-ANGLE-ANGLE(AAA), SIDE-SIDE-

ANGLE (SSA), OR ANGLE – SIDE – SIDE (ASS)
SOL G.6 – Congruent Triangles 57

Example:

Practice:

1.

YOU CAN NOT HAVE ANGLE-ANGLE-ANGLE(AAA), SIDE-SIDE-

ANGLE (SSA), OR ANGLE – SIDE – SIDE (ASS)
SOL G.6 – Congruent Triangles 58

2.

3.

YOU CAN NOT HAVE ANGLE-ANGLE-ANGLE(AAA), SIDE-SIDE-

ANGLE (SSA), OR ANGLE – SIDE – SIDE (ASS)
SOL G.6 – Congruent Triangles 59

4.

5.

YOU CAN NOT HAVE ANGLE-ANGLE-ANGLE(AAA), SIDE-SIDE-

ANGLE (SSA), OR ANGLE – SIDE – SIDE (ASS)
SOL G.7 – Similar Triangles 60

Similar Triangles:

Polygons are ___________________ if corresponding _________________ are

_____________________ and corresponding ______________ are proportional

- The symbol ____________ indicates similarity

____________________________________________

This statement is read “_____________________________”

Example:

1.
SOL G.7 – Similar Triangles 61

Practice:

1.

2.

3.
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 62

Anatomy of a Right Triangle

The _______________ is the longest side of a right triangle (across from the _____

______________). The other two sides are _______________

Pythagorean Theorem
The formula for the Pythagorean Theorem is:
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 63

\
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 64
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 65

Special Right Triangles

There are two types of special right triangles:

Special Right Triangle Picture and Rule

30° − 60° − 90°

45° − 45° − 90°

SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 66

1.

2.

3.
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 67

Right Triangle Trig:

Given a right triangle with angle 𝜃 “_______________” we can find the __________,

______________, and __________________ sides

Practice:
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 68

Trigonometry Ratios/Functions
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 69

Practice:
SOL G.8 – Right Triangles 70
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 71

Definitions:

Quadrilateral - _______________________________________________________

The sum of the angels in a quadrilateral is _______________

Diagonal - __________________________________________

Types of Quadrilaterals:
There are six types of quadrilaterals:

• ________________________

• _______________________

• _______________________

• _______________________

• _______________________

• _______________________
 SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 72

Parallelograms

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose _____________ sides are ______________

A parallelogram is named by using all four vertices:

- The parallelogram above can be named __________ or ___________

Properties of a Parallelogram
Property Definition Example

Opposite sides are ________________

Opposite Sides
This means that __________________ and If AB = 7, then _________ also is 7

_____________________ are __________

Opposite angles are __________________

If 𝑚∠𝐴 = 75 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐵 = 105 , then
Opposite Angles
This means that __________________ and
The 𝑚∠𝐶 = _______ and 𝑚∠𝐷 = _____
_________________ are ______________

Consecutive angles in a parallelogram are

__________________
Consecutive
If 𝑚∠𝐶 = 46, then 𝑚∠𝐵 = ______
Angles
Each angel is consecutive to _______ other
angles

∠𝐴 is consecutive with _________________

When diagonals of a parallelogram intersect, they meet ______________________
of each diagonal. Thus, they bisect each other. The diagonals ARE NOT CONGRUENT
Diagonals
So, ________ is the midpoint of __________ and ______________
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 73
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 74

Rectangles

A rectangle is a quadrilateral with _____________________________

Properties of a Rectangle

Property Definition

Opposite sides are ________________

Opposite Sides
and ________________________

Opposite Angles Opposite angles are _______________

Consecutive Angels Consecutive angles are ______________

Diagonals of a rectangle __________ each

other
Diagonals
Diagonals for a rectangle are ____________

Since opposite sides of a rectangle are ___________, a rectangle is also a

_______________________
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 75

Theorem:
If a parallelogram is a rectangle, then its diagonals are congruent.

- Converse: If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent, then it is a

rectangle.

Therefore, __________________________________________________________

are _____________________________ (_____ sides are equal)

SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 76

Rhombus

A rhombus is a quadrilateral with ________________________________

Properties of a Rhombus

Property Definition

Opposite sides are ________________

Opposite Sides
and ________________________

Opposite Angles Opposite angles are _______________

Consecutive Angels Consecutive angles are ______________

Diagonals of a rhombus __________ each

other and bisect other angles.

Diagonals for a rhombus are ____________

Diagonals
The diagonals of a rhombus form _________

________. Thus, they are

_______________

The small triangles are ________________ and are ______________ by ________.

Since opposite sides of a rhombus are ___________, a rhombus is also a

_______________________
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 77
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 78

Square

A square is a _____________________ with ______________________________

and __________________________________________

Properties of a Square
Property Definition

Opposite sides are ________________

Opposite Sides
and ________________________

Opposite Angles Opposite angles are _______________

Consecutive Angels Consecutive angles are ______________

Diagonals of a square __________ each

other and form opposite angles

Diagonals for a square are ____________

Diagonals
The diagonals of a square form _________

________. Thus, they are

_______________

Since every square is a ___________________________ as well as a ___________

and __________________.
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 79
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 80

Trapezoid

A trapezoid is a ___________________________ with exactly ________________

of ________________________________. The ____________________________

are called ____________________ and the _______________________________

are called ___________________

Median of a Trapezoid

The ______________ of a trapezoid is the segment that joins the midpoints of the

legs. (It is sometimes called a ____________________.)

- Theorem: The _____________ of a trapezoid is ______________ to the bases

- Theorem: The length of the __________ is ____________ the sum of the

lengths of the _______________

SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 81

Example:
SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 82

Isosceles Trapezoid

A trapezoid with ________________________________________

Properties of Isosceles Trapezoid

- Both pairs of _____________ angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent

- The ___________ of an isosceles trapezoid are _____________________

SOL G.9 – Quadrilaterals 83

Kites

- A _____________________ with two distinct pairs of _______________

______________ sides

- Diagonals of a kite are __________________________

SOL G.10 – Convex Polygons 84

Definitions:

Polygons - __________________________________________________________

Regular Polygon - _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Irregular Polygon - ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
SOL G.10 – Convex Polygons 85

Polygon Names:

Number of Sides Name

3 sides

4 sides

5 sides

6 sides

7 sides

8 sides

9 sides

10 sides

12 sides

N sides
SOL G.10 – Convex Polygons 86

Sum of the interior angles of a n-gon

The formula for finding the sum of the measures of a regular n-gon is:

𝑠𝑢𝑚 = (𝑛 − 2)180; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

Example:

What is the sum of the measures of the interior angle of a convex 5-gon?
SOL G.10 – Convex Polygons 87

Polygon Number of Sides Sum of Measures of Interior Angles

Triangle 3
Quadrilateral 4
Pentagon 5
Hexagon 6
N-gon n

Measure of each interior angles of a regular n-gon

The formula for finding the measure of each interior angle of a regular n-gon:

𝑠𝑢𝑚 (𝑛 − 2)180
= ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑛 𝑛
Examples:
SOL G.10 – Convex Polygons 88

Polygon Number of Sides Measures of Each Interior Angles of N-gon

Triangle 3

Quadrilateral 4
Pentagon 5

Hexagon 6
N-gon n

Sum of exterior angles of an n-gon

The sum of the exterior angles of a convex polygon is ______________ (no matter

what the value of _____ is)

Examples:
SOL G.10 – Convex Polygons 89

Polygon Number of Sides Sum of Measures of Exterior Angles

Triangle 3
Quadrilateral 4
Pentagon 5
Hexagon 6
N-gon n

Measure of each exterior angle of a regular n-gon

The formula for finding the measure of each exterior angle of a regular n-gon:

𝑠𝑢𝑚 360
= ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑛 𝑛

Example:
SOL G.10 – Convex Polygons 90

Polygon Number of Sides Sum of Measures of Exterior Angles

Triangle 3
Quadrilateral 4
Pentagon 5
Hexagon 6
N-gon n

Review

1. What is the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a 11-gon?

2. What are the measures of an exterior and interior angle of a regular octagon?

3. What are the number of sides of a regular polygon with exterior angles equal to
72°?

4. What are the number of sides of a regular polygon with interior angles equal to
3600°

5. What is the measure of an interior angle of a regular polygon with 30 sides?

SOL G.12 – Equations of a Circle 91

Definitions:

Circle - _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Radius - ____________________________________________________________

Diameter - __________________________________________________________

Center - ____________________________________________________________

Finding the equation of a circle:

The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at (h, k) and a radius r is:

(𝑥 − ℎ)( + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )( = 𝑟 (

Examples:

1. Find the equation of a circle with the center at (1, -8) and radius of 7

2. Find the equation of a circle with center at the origin and diameter 8

3. Find the equation of a circle with center (4, -1) and radius √10

4. Find the equation of a circle with center at (5,4) and passes through (-3,4)

5. Find the center and radius of a circle with the equation (𝑥 − 4)( + (𝑦 + 1)( =
9
SOL G.12 – Equations of a Circle 92

Practice:
SOL G.12 – Equations of a Circle 93
SOL G.12 – Equations of a Circle 94
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 95

Definitions:

Chord - _________________________________________________________

The ________________ of a circle is also a _____________

 SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 96

Circle Property Image Definition

Secant

Tangent

Point of Tangency

Arc
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 97

Minor Arc

Major Arc

Semicircle
 SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 98

Segments Formed by
Formula Problem
Lines

𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐𝑑
Chord - Chord The product of one cord is
equal to the product of the
other

𝑎(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑐(𝑐 + 𝑑)
The product of the secant
segment and its external
Secant - Secant part is equal to the product
of the other secant segment
and its external part

𝑎( = 𝑏(𝑏 + 𝑐)
The square of the tangent
Tangent - Secant segment is equal to the
product secant segment and
its external part
 SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 99

𝑎=𝑏
The length of one tangent
Tangent - Tangent segment is equal to the
length of another tangent
segment

Practice:

1.

2.
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 100

3.

4.
 SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 101

Arcs and Angles Definition and Formula

The arc measure is the degree of measure of an arc’s _________________________

Arc Measure

Central Angle An _________ with the __________ at the _________ of the circle

The measure of the _________________ is ________ to the ______________

Inscribed Angle
An __________ with the _____________ on the circle

The measure of the _______________ is _____________ the _________________

 SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 102

Segments Formed by
Formula Problem
Angles

𝐴𝑟𝑐 1 + 𝐴𝑟𝑐 2
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 =
2
Chord - Chord
the measure of an angle equals
half of the sum of the arcs
intercepted by
the angle and its vertical angle.

𝐵𝑖𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑐 − 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑐

𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 =
2
Secant - Secant the angle equals half the
difference of the measures of the
intercepted
arcs.

𝐵𝑖𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑐 − 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑐

𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 =
2
Tangent - Secant the angle equals half the
difference of the measures of the
intercepted
arcs.
 SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 103

𝐵𝑖𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑐 − 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑐

𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 =
2
Tangent - Tangent the angle equals half the
difference of the measures of the
intercepted
arcs.

𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 =
2
Chord - Tangent the angle equals half the
arc measure

Practice:

1.
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 104

2.

3.
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 105

Finding the Arc Length

Arc Length - ________________________________________________________

The formula for finding the arc length is:

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
=
360 2𝜋𝑟(𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒)

Examples:
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 106
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 107

Practice:

1.

2.
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 108

3.

4.
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 109

Finding the Sector Area:

Arc Length - ________________________________________________________

The formula for finding the arc length is:

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
= (
360 𝜋𝑟 (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)

Examples:
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 110

Practice:

1.
SOL G.11 – Properties of a Circle 111

2.

3.
SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 112
SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 113

Finding the Volume of 3D Figures:

For all of the figures below find the volume (make sure to use correct units)

1.

2.
SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 114

3. A cylindrical swimming pool has a diameter of 16 feet and a height of 4 feet.

About how many gallons of water can the pool contain? Round your answer to
the nearest whole number. (1 ft3 ≈ 7.5 gal)

4.

5.

6.
SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 115

7.

8.

9. The volume of a cone is 20π cubic meters. What is the volume of a cylinder
having the same base and same height?
SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 116

Finding the Surface Area of 3D Figures:

For each of the following figures below find the surface area (make sure to use correct
units)

1.

2.

3.
SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 117

4. The earth has a radius of about 3960 miles. Find the surface area of the earth.

5.

6.
SOL G.13 – 3D Figures 118

7.

8. A cosmetics company that makes small cylindrical bars of soap wraps the bars
in plastic prior to shipping. Find the surface area of a bar of soap if the diameter
is 5 cm and the height is 2 cm. Use 3.14 for π.
SOL G.14 – Proportional Figures 119

Ratios for Proportional Figures

Practice:

1.

2.

3.

4.
SOL G.14 – Proportional Figures 120

5.

6.

a. If the height is tripled and all other dimensions stay the same, what would
be the new volume of the rectangular prism?

b. If all the dimensions are tripled what would be the new surface area of the
rectangular prism?