Modes of transportation
Air transportation
Characteristic
1: High speed
2: It connect major cities and countries worldwide
3: It requires real-time monitoring and adjustment
Terminologies
1: Airport
2: Runway
3: Terminal
4:Aircraft
5: Airspace e.t.c
ADVANTAGES
1:Transportation of large volumes of goods.
2: They are equipped with advanced safety features
3: Is fastest mode of transportation
DISADVANTAGES
1: Air travel is expensive especially for international flights
2: Limited accessibility
3: It requires well-equipped infrastructures.
WATER TRANSPORTATION
TERMINOLOGIES
1:Port
2: Harbor
3: Vessel
4:Tonnage
5: Bulk e.t.c
Characteristic
1: Transportation of large volumes of cargo including goods like oil, coal and
grain
2: It facilitated international trade and travel.
3: Global network
ADVANTAGES
1: It consumes less fuel per ton-mile compared to road or air transport
2: It is relatively environmentally friendly due to lower carbon emissions.
3: It is one of the most cost effective ways to transport large volumes of goods
over long distances.
LIMITATIONS
1: It is slower than other modes of transportation
2: It requires well maintained ports, harbors, and waterways for safe and efficient
operations.
3: Operations can be affected by weather such as storm, fog or ice which lead to
delays and disruptions.
ROAD TRANSPORTATION
TERMINOLOGIES
1: carriageway
2: camber
3: shoulder
4: Roundabout
5: Traffic calming e.tc
CHARACTERISTICS
1: Versatility: road can reach various destinations, from urban areas to remote
areas
2: Accessibility: road can be accessed by large portion of population, making
transport inclusive
3:Environmental Impact: Can contribute to pollution and greenhouse gases emissions
through vehicle combustion.
ADVANTAGES
1: It can reach almost any destination, providing personalised travel routes.
2: can be accessed by a wide range of vehicles.
3: Individuals have the freedom to travel at their own pace and schedule.
LIMITATIONS
1: Traffic jams can lead to delays and inefficiencies
2: Combustion of fossil fuels by vehicles contributes to air pollution and
greenhouse gases emission which leads to environmental pollution
3: Accidents and collisions are risk associated with road
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
TERMINOLOGIES
1: Sleeper
2: Weld
3: Rail
4: Platform
5: Track e.t.c
CHARACTERISTICS
1: Fixed routes: trains operate on predetermined tracks schedules
2: Energy efficiency: Lower energy consumption per ton-mile compared to other
transport modes.
3: Environmental sustainability: less carbon emissions and environmental impacts
compared to road or air transport
ADVANTAGES
1: Trains consumes less energy compared to other modes of transportation.
2: Railways have lower accident rate and fewer fatalities than road transportation.
3: It produces lower carbon emissions.
LIMITATIONS
1: Requires extensive and costly infrastructures
2: Less flexibility than road transportation.
3: Lack of door to door services.
