CRACKING

STANDARD 1-4

CULTURAL STUDIES

KAGISO MOJOBE

Freedom Books

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© 2020 By Freedom Books

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__________________________________________________________________________________

Writer: Kagiso Mojobe

Editor: Phemelo Tebogo Tlalanyane
Cover design by: Olerilwe Garekwe

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS 1 ............................................................................................... 5

TOPIC 1: MYSELF ...................................................................................................................... 5

TOPIC 2: MY FAMILY ............................................................................................................... 9

TOPIC 3: INTERRELATIONS WITHIN MY FAMILY ............................................................... 15

TOPIC 4: FAMILY ROLES AND RESPONBILITIES ................................................................. 17

RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................... 21

TOPIC 1: CHILDRENS RIGHTS................................................................................................ 21

TOPIC 2: CHILD ABUSE .......................................................................................................... 24

AUTHORITY STUCTURES. ..................................................................................................... 26

TOPIC 1: STRUCTURE OF AUTHORITY IN THE FAMILY ..................................................... 26

TOPIC 2: VALUE OF RULES .................................................................................................... 27

CULTURE................................................................................................................................. 30

TOPIC 1: CULTURAL VALUES, NORMS AND BELIEFS ........................................................ 30

EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS 2 ............................................................................................. 32

TOPIC 1: MYSELF .................................................................................................................... 32

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 32

TOPIC 2: FAMILY .................................................................................................................... 36

TOPIC 3: FRIENDSHIP ............................................................................................................. 40

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 40

ROLES AND RESPONSILITIES ................................................................................................ 43

TOPIC 1: HUMAN RIGHTS ...................................................................................................... 43

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 44

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS............................................................................................ 47

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS .................................................................................................... 48

TOPIC 2: PEACE ....................................................................................................................... 49

MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF MAINTAINING PEACE ............................................................. 50

TOPIC 3: CONFLICT ................................................................................................................ 55

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 56

AUTHORITY STRUCTURE ...................................................................................................... 58

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TOPIC 2: RULES ....................................................................................................................... 60

CULTURE................................................................................................................................. 63

TOPIC 1: CULTURAL IDENTITY ............................................................................................. 63

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 64

TOPIC 2: LANGAUGE .............................................................................................................. 66

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 67

TOPIC 3: SHELTER AND CULTURAL IDENTITY ................................................................... 68

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 69

TOPIC 4: RELIGION AND CULTURAL IDENTITY.................................................................. 70

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 71

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES ..................................................................... 72

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 74

TOPIC 2: PHYSICAL FEATURES IN MY COMMUNITY ......................................................... 75

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 76

TOPIC 3: MY SETTLEMENT .................................................................................................... 77

ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 77

SUMMARY............................................................................................................................... 79

REVISION QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................... 88

PRACTICE TEST 1 ................................................................................................................... 91

PRACTICE TEST 2 ................................................................................................................. 103

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 MODULE
1

EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS 1
TOPIC 1: MYSELF

I am a_______________ girl/boy

Am _________________years old

I am a _______________by religion.
5
Draw a picture of yourself

6
I take care of myself by

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

The following are good practices of good personal hygiene.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Discuss what you like and dislike about yourself.

WHAT I LIKE ABOUT WHAT I DISLIKE ABOUT

MYSELF MYSELF

7
It is necessary to love myself because

1.

2.

3.

4.

8
 TOPIC 2: MY FAMILY
Names of my family members.

1. ……………………….
2. ……………………….
3. ……………………….
4. ……………………….
5. ……………………….
6. ……………………….
7. ……………………….
8. ……………………….
9. ……………………….
10. ……………………….

Identify members of your family by name and relationship.

1. ………………………………………………………..
2. ………………………………………………………..
3. ………………………………………………………..
4. ………………………………………………………..
5. ………………………………………………………..
6. ………………………………………………………..
7. ………………………………………………………..
8. ………………………………………………………..
9. ………………………………………………………..
10.………………………………………………………….

9
10
11
12
Draw your family tree.

13
How do we support each other in the family?

1. ___________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________

Why is it important to belong to a family?

14
 TOPIC 3: INTERRELATIONS WITHIN MY
FAMILY

 How do we respect one another in our family

1. ___________________________________________
________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
________________________________

How I show respect for elderly people.

1. ___________________________________________
________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
________________________________

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Describe how adults show respect to children in a family.

1. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
____________________
2. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________
3. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________

Explain what creates respect and disrespect in their families.

Respect Disrespect

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 TOPIC 4: FAMILY ROLES AND
RESPONBILITIES

My roles and responsibilities in the family

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18
Roles and responsibilities of your parents

MY PARENTS ROLES MY PARENTS’ RESPONSILITY

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Roles and responsibilities of other members of the family

1. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________
2. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________
3. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________
4. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________
5. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
____________________________
6. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________
7. _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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MODULE
2
RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TOPIC 1: CHILDRENS RIGHTS
Examples of children’s rights.

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 ACTIVITY
How can children’s rights be violated
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

 What do you do when your rights are being violated?

----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Kago is 10 years old. His parents are refusing to take him to

school because he is disabled Kago is denied the right to

A. express himself

B. education

C. shelter

2. The following are examples of human rights EXCEPT

A. The right to have food

B. The right to kill

C. The right to education

3. Which one is the importance of human rights?

A. They help us to be bully

B. They help us to insult our parents

C. They help us to live happily and in peace.

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4. An example of people who can be discriminated against

A. Sick people

B. Teachers

C. Doctors

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

5. Write two examples of human rights

a) --------------------------------------------------------

b) ----------------------------------------------------------

6. Write one problem that can be encountered by people whose

human rights are violated

a) --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------

7. Give three examples of people who are being discriminated

a) -----------------------------------------------

b) ----------------------------------------------------

c) --------------------------------------------------

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 TOPIC 2: CHILD ABUSE

 What is abuse?

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What are the ways of resisting child abuse?
1. ___________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________

State where and how they can report child abuse.

1. ___________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________

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MODULE
3
AUTHORITY STUCTURES.

TOPIC 1: STRUCTURE OF AUTHORITY IN THE

FAMILY
Who is the head of your family?

Why do families have rules?

List rules in your family.

How does family rules influence your day to day activities?

Why family rules important?

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TOPIC 2: VALUE OF RULES

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 Do you know any school rules? Write them below
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________

 Where else can rules be applied?

1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________
4. __________________________________________

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  What happens when you do not follow the rules?

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

Relate a story in which rules were not followed and tell us what
happened as a result

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________

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 MODULE 4

CULTURE
TOPIC 1: CULTURAL VALUES, NORMS AND
BELIEFS

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31
 MODULE 1

EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS 2
TOPIC 1: MYSELF
A talent is the ability to do well. Example singing, dancing
running etc.

We can improve our talents by practising or working hard to

get better

We can use our talents to help others. You should not laugh at
those who are not good at certain things but rather help them
to improve or find something that they can perform better in.

If we do not use our talents, we will not improve on them

ACTIVITY
1. Explain what a talent is?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….. (1)

2. List all the things that you are good at

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..

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3. Suggest ways of improving your talents. Fill in the table below.

MY TALENTS WAYS OF IMPROVING MY

TALENTS

1.

2.

3.

4. How do you use your talents to help others?

i. Your classmates
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________________________
ii. Your family
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
____________________________

5. Write down two talents that you like in another member of

your class.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
____________________________________________

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6. Discuss proverbs and sayings that encourage the use of
talents.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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7. Narrate stories that encourage the use of talents for
improving personal relationships.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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 TOPIC 2: FAMILY
In the past men were responsible for hunting food for their
families and building huts while boys had to herd the cattle and
goats

Women were responsible for taking care of the lands, cooking

and growing crops while girls had to collect firewood and fetch
water.

Nowadays things have changed and men and women do the same
jobs.

The father can cook while girls can wash the car

People move from villages to towns and cities and this means
family members may separate and they forced to carry out
other chores on their own.

Change in roles has made an positive effect as now both men

and women can work together to help each other and this
means they can also respect each other.

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 ACTIVITY
1. Discuss traditional roles of family members.
i. Draw your family members and label each box with their
names.

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 ii. Write down what their roles are.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

2. Identify changing roles in the modern family life.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

3. What are the effects of the changes that have happened?

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

4. What do you think caused changes in the family roles?

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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5. Discuss the impact of the changing roles on family life.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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 TOPIC 3: FRIENDSHIP
Friends help each other

They show love, care and respect for one another.

People become friends for many reasons; it could be because

they are in the same class, same age live in same neighbourhood
or even attending the same church

Friends must not hide feelings from each other.

We need friends in our lives, they help us understand ourselves

better and they also keep us company.

There are proverbs and sayings that prove friendship is very

important. Example “Tsalayamadi a lekese”,”Go ntshana se
inong….”

ACTIVITY

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1. List characteristics of a good friend.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2. Discuss problems in friendship.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

3. Give two things that both of like to do.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

4. state ways of maintaining friendship

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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5. How is your friend important to you?

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

6. Discuss proverbs and sayings illustrating the value of

friendship.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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MODULE 2
ROLES AND RESPONSILITIES
TOPIC 1: HUMAN RIGHTS
 Human rights are certain important things that people are
meant to have.
 Rights should be respected by family members and people in
the community.
 Countries have laws that make sure that people respect each
other.
 Peace is sometimes difficult to get, so sometimes people have
to pay a big price for it.
 Countries have made laws that ensure that all people are
treated equally.
 There are countries were people once were not treated equally
example South Africa
 It is possible that even though we have rights birth, there
times when they are denied or abused even by family members.
 Examples , children not provided with food or clothing because
they did something, a child being chased out of class during
lessons, a thief beaten instead of being taken to the police.
 Religions protect and respect all people. Religious groups most
times help them sick, poor, orphans and old people. They
provide them with food, blankets, clothes or shelter.
 Human rights make people respect others. For example
children are; given food in schools, food at home, they also get
clothes and taken to hospital when they are sick.
People in Botswana are free to elect their political parties, also
to worship religions of their choice.

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 Human rights are important because

They guard against or avoid against unequal or unfair treatment of people

They help us to live happily and in peace

They help and encourage us to respect each other

They encourage us to help or care for others when there is a need.

People are treated equally and fairly

ACTIVITY
What are human rights?

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Give 4 examples of human rights

44
 Identify 3 rights that stop unfair treatment of human beings.

Give 3 examples of people who are discriminated against.

Mention problems encountered by people who are denied rights.

45
Explain how religion protects the dignity of human beings.

Why are human rights important?

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 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The following are examples of human rights EXCEPT

A. The right to have food

B. The right to kill

C. The right to education

2. Tumelo is 12 years old. His parents are refusing to take

him to school because he is mute. Tumelo is denied the
right to

A. express himself

B. education

C. shelter

3. Which one is the importance of human rights?

A. They help us to be bully

B. They help us to insult our parents

C. They help us to live happily and in peace.

4. An example of people who can be discriminated against

A. Sick people

B. Teachers

C. Doctors

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 STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
5. Write two examples of human rights

a) --------------------------------------------------------

b) ----------------------------------------------------------

6. Write one problem that can be encountered by people whose

human rights are violated

a) --------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------

7. Give three examples of people who are being discriminated

a) -----------------------------------------------

b) ----------------------------------------------------

c) --------------------------------------------------

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 TOPIC 2: PEACE
 Peace is when there is no fight or quarrel. Where there is love
and respect there is peace.
 Peace makes people free to live as full human beings therefore
when there is peace people become happy and go about their
daily duties without fear of being harmed or killed.
 A symbol is a picture of a sign that stands for something.
 There are set rules that are made to maintain peace e.g. do not
kill, do not lie, do not steal.
 Organisations that work for peace and protecting the rights of
people include ; Ditshwanelo, Botswana Police Force,
International Red Cross, Southern African Development
community, Botswana Defence Force etc.

Characteristics of peace are;

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MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF MAINTAINING
PEACE

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 ACTIVITY
List characteristics of peace

Discuss the importance of peace.

51
Draw symbols of peace

52
 Identify organisations that work for peace

Write rules that help to keep peace

53
Write the moral implications of maintaining peace

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 TOPIC 3: CONFLICT
 Conflict means when people quarrel and fight.
 Conflicts happen at home, in schools, countries etc.
 Cause of conflicts include ; not sharing , disagreeing about
something, expecting certain things from others and not
getting them
 The effect of conflicts is that it breaks relationships, might
also cause injury or even death.
 There are ways of preventing conflicts and they include
getting advice, addressing each other respectfully,
withdrawing from the argument, co-operating well with others.

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Ways of dealing with conflict in society

1. Tell the teacher

2. Going for counselling and talking about the problem
3. Meeting at the village Kgotla can help solve the problem
4. Getting advice from other people
5. .Talk to each other about a problem
6. Cooperating to solve the problem
7. Working together peacefully

ACTIVITY
Examples of conflict are

Write effects of conflict on the society

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The following are ways of dealing with conflict in the society

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 MODULE 3

AUTHORITY STRUCTURE
TOPIC 1: LEADERSHIP IN THE COMMUNITY ACTIVITY

List people with authority in a community

From the list you just wrote, write down the roles of people in
authority in a community

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Draw authority structure of the following

School

Village

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 TOPIC 2: RULES

What are rules?

Identify people responsible for making rules in a community

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 List some of the local rules

Classroom rules

School rules

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Give examples of rules that govern a community

Explain why they need rules in their community.

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 MODULE 4
CULTURE
TOPIC 1: CULTURAL IDENTITY
Ethnic group refers to a group of people who speak the same
language.

Characteristics are things that make people of ethnic groups

different. E.g. Language, Dress, Food, type of Shelter, totem.

There are many ethnic groups in Botswana e.g. Baherero, Bakalaka,

Bayei, Batswapong, Babirwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgalagadi, Batswapong,
Barolong, Basarwa, Bangwato etc.

All ethnic groups are equal.

When people from different ethnic groups mix they things from the
other group.

Although people in Botswana belong to different ethnic groups they

live well together. They mix in many different places e.g. attending
the same schools and playing together.

All Batswana who are 16years and above must have an identity card
(Omang).

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 ACTIVITY

My ethnic group is _____________.

List different ethnic groups living in your community.

People of the same ethnic group have the following in common

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 What is cultural equality?

Cultural tolerance is a belief that

Cultural intolerance is a belief that

Why should we respect all cultures?

The following are benefits of ethnic diversity

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 TOPIC 2: LANGAUGE
 Language is another way we can know someone’s ethnic
group.eg.

Ethnic Name of God

Sekalaka Ndzimu

Seyei Urezha

Sekgalagadi Morimo

Seherero Mukuru

Learn

 We can tell who you are by listening to you speak the languages
we speak make us who we are e.g. Bakgatla- Dumelang,
Bakalaka- dumilani, Basarwa- Chaiyaa
 We can talk to other people without making sound but using
signs e.g. we can show we agree by nodding our heads or we can
greet by shaking hands or waving.
 As we mix with people who are different, the language we
speak changes
 We borrow some words from other languages e.g. the word “go
Bereka” comes from the Afrikaans name ”werk”.
 Every society expects people to behave in a certain way. There
are certain behaviours that are said to be right and some are
said to be rude. Example of rude behaviour men touching
women’s’ breast or buttocks.

66
  Nobody wants to lose their link with their language and culture
wherever they are, for example elderly people kiss the
children’s hands when they greet them (go lotsha in Sebirwa
and go butshila in Sekalaka).

ACTIVITY
List different languages spoken in your community.

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TOPIC 3: SHELTER AND CULTURAL IDENTITY

Learn

 We use different materials found in different places to build

our shelters.
 People build and decorate shelters using local materials.
 Buildings are shaped so that they suit the way they are used.
E.g. prison buildings have very high walls, with small windows so
that prisoners cannot run away, corn storage (matlolo) buildings
have high walls, no doors and small windows. They are used for
keeping sorghum.
 Every ethnic group has a certain way in which people decorate
houses and huts. They make patterns on the ground or walls
and they differ from one place to the other.
 Artefacts are man-made objects that are used in homes for
example a mortar and pestle(kika le motshe)
 Different Artefacts are seen among different ethnic groups.

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 ACTIVITY
Draw and label different types of buildings and homes in the
community.

69
 TOPIC 4: RELIGION AND CULTURAL
IDENTITY
 Our communities are made up of people who belong to
different religions.
 People do things in different ways that is why you can
sometimes see what religion they belong to by the way they
dress.
 All religions tell their people how they must behave.

Religions Teachings

Christianity Do not kill

Do not steal

Do not tell lies

Islam Do not drink alcohol

Do not steal

Do not kill

African Traditional Do not tell lies

Religion
To respect elderly people

Do not kill

Sikhism Do not steal

Do not smoke

Do not kill.

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  In every religion there are actions that are important,
Christians baptise new members in the church, Muslims
visit mecca in Saudi Arabia, ATR shave the new baby’s
head.
 A festival is a celebration or joyful occasion. Example of
religious festivals are Eid ul-Fitr, Christmas
 Religious tolerance is when people of different religions
accept and respect each other.
 Religious intolerance is when people of different religions
do not accept and respect each other.

ACTIVITY
 Identify common religious beliefs in your community.

 Identify different religious festivals.

71
 MODULE 5

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES

TOPIC 1: LOCATION OF FEATURES USING CARDINAL POINTS

 We use cardinal points to give directions of certain

places.
 On maps, often only north is given so you have to work out
the other directions on your own.

72
73
 Identifying cardinal points.

ACTIVITY
 Can you locate physical features using cardinal points?

 locate the school in relation to natural and artificial physical

features in the locality

 Discuss the use of physical features.

 Draw labelled sketch maps showing artificial and natural

features with a key showing directions.

74
 TOPIC 2: PHYSICAL FEATURES IN MY
COMMUNITY
 Physical features are things found in a place. There are two
types of features being natural and man-made physical
features.
 Natural features are those that are made by God while Man-
made features are those that are made by people.

MAJOR PHYSICAL FEATURES

Physical features in Botswana include

Hills Rivers Pans Lakes Vegetation

Physical features can be divided into two groups

Land forms and Bodies of water

A. Landforms

Hills Valleys, Dunes Depression Islands

B. Bodies of water

Delta Lakes, Rivers, Pans

75
 ACTIVITY
List physical features found in your locality

Write the use of different features found in your locality.

What is the importance of physical features to your community?

76
 TOPIC 3: MY SETTLEMENT

 A settlement is a place where people. Different types of

settlements include village, cattle post and lands.
 There are many different types of people in Botswana.
Although we are all citizens of Botswana, we all have different
beliefs and we may identify with different cultural and ethnic
groups.

ACTIVITY
Discuss the history of your settlement.

77
Give reasons for the choice of location of your settlement.

78
 SUMMARY
EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS

• This is whereby we learn about our personal values or things

that people believe in and think are important in their own life.

• As a student you have to know why personal values and

community values are important.

• They are important because they show that certain behaviour

and goals are important for the community.

• Morals are principles of being right or wrong in conduct.

• Conflicts are sharp disagreement between people. Ideas,

interests etc.

• If there are values cooperation, he/she would cooperate with

the community during the dikgafela and motshelo.

• If the community value education their children would attend

school.

• Family problems are spending money carelessly, fighting, and

delinquency, divorce, abusing drugs, alcohol and teenage
pregnancy.

• Children should know their responsibilities that is, obeying and

respecting parents and performing their chores or else there
would be no law.

• Family conflicts can be resolved by involving elders, chiefs,

counsellors and consulting the court law.

• Disrespectful children in the community can be whipped or

taken to Kgotla (courts)

79
• In order to prevent some problems in the community children
under certain age are completely not allowed in bars or liquor
shops.

• Mophato group was formed by men of the same group and

there were initiation schools called bogwera for the boys and
bojale for the girls.

• People in the community can help in caring for sick people

through community home based care.

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 UNIT 2

RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

• As a student you have to know your right and responsibilities

as follow;

• Citizenship: A citizen is a person who has full right to belong to

a country.

• Equality in society: This simply means fairness in circumstances

and opportunities.

• Violence: this is where one uses force with intention of hurting

or killing.

• Living with HIV & AIDS: HIV & AIDS is still an incurable
disease. HIV stands for Human Immune Deficiency Virus.

• AIDS for Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome

• A citizen by adoption: If your parents are Batswana citizens

and have adopted you or you may by a citizen by birth.

• A citizen by decent: Both your parents are Batswana citizens.

• A citizen by naturalism: If you have lived in Botswana for at

least two years or more.

• As a good citizen you should take part in elections and clean up

campaigns.

• To show our nationality and citizens we use Omang (ID) in

Botswana which is obtained at the age 16.

• In Botswana every person is treated fairly regardless of

gender.

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• In the past men and women were not treated fairly because if
they had the same qualifications women were paid less for the
same jobs.

• Violence is not good because it is destructive to human life and

property.

• Good communication skills is the way of preventing violence.

• HIV and AIDS cannot be transmitted by hugging, sharing

utensils or toilet and living in the same house.

• HIV and AIDS can only be transmitted through sex with an

infected person, shaving needles and through blood
transfusion.

• People should treat HIV and AIDS like other disease.

• Botswana is one of the countries affected by HIV and AIDS.

• The Batswana government is using a lot of money to care for

the orphans instead of developing projects in the country.

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 MODULE
3
AUTHORITY STRUCTURES

• In villages, there are Village Development Committees (VDC).

• VDC coordinates national activities in their local areas.

• It also develops a plan of action for the whole village.

• The VDC helps the village to build houses and rent them to
teachers.

• Local council helps the government to provide services in local

areas (villages) through councillors.

• Services provided by local councils are making decisions about

schools, water, roads and health posts.

• Towns and cities are governed by mayor, deputy mayor and

councillors.

• Services provided to towns and cities are electricity,

transport, refuse removal, sewage, piped water and libraries.

• There are different religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism,

Christianity, Bahai Faith, Islam, and African Religion.

• There are religion's leaders according to the religions e.g.

Angelican church has Archbishop, the head of the Mosque is
the Imam.

• A council is part of local government

• Council responsibility is to build and maintain primary schools,

health and supply water in the community.

• Churches build hospitals and schools for example, Deborah

Retief Memorial Hospital in Mochudi. The Roman Catholic
Church built St Joseph’s College.
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 MODULE 4:

CULTURE

Learn these words:

Culture refers to the customs and way of life of people

Customs refers to the special way of doing things

Traditions refers to doing things in the same way as people did in

the past

WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE HELP EACH OTHER IN THE CATTLE

POST

Making kraals, digging boreholes, Loaning cattle to the poor

Making cattle dips, Vaccinating animals, Branding cattle

Dehorning cattle, watering cattle

Activities at the cattle post

• People at the cattle posts help each other by making cattle

dips, building kraals, dehorning, vaccinating, digging boreholes
and castrating animals

• Herders are the ones who do the work at the cattle post like
taking cattle for grazing and watering them.

• Herders also have the right to be treated with dignity and

respect, be paid fairly and given health care.

• Taboos at the cattle post is that a pregnant woman is not

supposed to enter the kraal unless rituals have been
performed.

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• There are entertainment and leisure at the cattle post e.g.
playing traditional musical instrument (segaba and setinkane),
morabarabara, dithamalakane, mmele and diketo.

• There are special ceremonies performed at the cattle post like

a traditional doctor protecting the cattle against witchcraft.

• Social and cultural activities like (molaletsa) people help each

other without being paid.

• Ceremonies associated with the lands like praying for rain,

thanks giving to the chief and ancestors (dikgafela).

• Interdependence is valued in Setswana tradition and culture in

such a way that there are proverbs and tales teaching the
value of cooperation e.g. mabogodinku a thebana, Se
tshwarwakentsa pedi gasethata.

• Norms and values are in every society in Botswana.

• Young people should respect elders.

• Smoking and drinking alcohol is not for children.

• Children should not lie nor steal.

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UNIT 5

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES

• Batswana practice three-side system whereby they have three

homes for example; a home in the village, lands and cattle
posts.

• The main features of the cattle post are the kraals, dipping
tanks, grazing area, water source, hut and well.

• Animals found at the cattle posts are domestic and wild

animals.

• Lands are areas used for growing crops.

• Some examples of main villages in Botswana are Serowe,

Masunga, Tsabong, Molepolole, Mahalapye, Tonota, Ghanzi,
Ramotswa, Kanye and Palapye.

• Villages in Botswana are large settlements with many houses

and people.

• When choosing a place for a village people consider whether

the land is suitable for farming and grazing.

• In modern villages there are clinics, schools, kgotla and petrol

stations.

• There are also big shops, tribal administration centres and

sports complexes.

• Marriages are conducted at the customary courts.

• A town is bigger than a village but smaller than a city.

• Towns develop because of minerals offices, commercial and

social life.

• The biggest city normally becomes the capital of the city.

86
• Botswana has about eleven major urban centres.

• Other towns developed because of the following:

-Jwaneng and Orapa-diamonds

-Selebi-Phikwe -copper nickel

• Some animals are protected in game and natural reserves for

example; Rhino, Cheetah, Giraffe, Mowana, Sengaparile.

87
 REVISION QUESTIONS

SECTION A: STRUCTURED QUESTION

Answer the following questions:

1. Why do Batswana keep animals away from the ploughing lands?

2. What do we call a place with few people and few services?

3. What are the functions of the tool below (tractor?)

4. Which soil allows water to flow away quickly?

5. Name one domestic animal.

SECTION B: FILL IN THE BLANKS

Use the words given below to complete the statements:

Children, bride price, gods, growing of crops, cattle posts.

6. Moreri intends to marry Segolame before the end of the year.

According to the tradition he has to pay_____________________.

7. The three site system has three places namely village, lands and
_____________________.

8. It is a norm that________________ are not allowed to attend

funerals.

9. People believe that after the rainmaking ceremony_________

send rain

10. What is normally done at the lands is _______.

88
SECTION C: True or False

Write true for a correct statement and false for a wrong statement

11. Mahalapye and Moshupa are examples of main villages in

Botswana.

12. Francistown and Sowa are examples of two towns in Botswana.

13. A town has few people while a village has many people.

14. Molepolole is the main village for Kweneng district.

15. Where a village is, there should be a lot of mountains.

SECTION D: Matching

Match the following district in column A with their administrative

villages in column B (16-20):

Column A Column B
16. North East A Ramotswa
17. Southern B Masunga
18. South East C Molepolole
19. Central D Kanye
20. Kweneng E Serowe

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SECTION E: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

Choose the letter with the correct answer:

21. The two mining towns in Botswana are__________.

A. Selebi-Phikwe and Jwaneng

B. Palapye and Serowe

C. Orapa and Gaborone

29. The two features which are found at the cattle post are,

A. kraals and boreholes.

B. shops and kraals.

C. boreholes and schools.

30. In towns electricity is paid every________

A. Year

B. week

C. month

90
 PRACTICE TEST 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Write the letter with the correct answer:

1. What is citizenship?

A. It means a ship in a city

B.it means being a member of a particular country

C.it means a living in city

2. All citizens of Botswana with ________and above must have

an I.D or Omang.

A. twenty-one

B. fifteen

C. sixteen

3. "Upholding the law" is one of the responsibilities of a good

citizen. What does upholding the law" mean?

A. It means making the law.

B. It means shaking hands with police officers.

C. It means respect for the law.

4. Which one of the following is an activity that takes place at

the cattle post?

A. Cleaning the roads

B. Putting up kraals

C. Clearing the bush

91
5. A_______ is something that we should not do.

A. taboo

B. culture

C. ceremony

6. In summer it is normally _________

A. Fast

B. Cold

C. Hot

7. Botswana`s second president was_________

A. Dr Q.K.J. Masire

B. Sir Seretse Khama Ian Khama

C. Honourable Festus Mogae

8. The animal that eats meat and plants and it is called

an_________

A. Carnivore

B. Herbivore

C. Omnivore

9. Killing of a cow to offer sacrifices is_________

A.A social use

B.A religious use

C. An economic use

92
10. What do we call people who hunt animals without permission
in Game Reserves?

A. Game ranchers

B. Tourists

C. Poachers

11. What do we call a process whereby one loans cattle to those

who don`t have?

A. Mophato

B. Mafisa

C. Diphiri

12. Where do we find Botswana Meat Commission?

A. Mahalapye

B. Palapye

C. Lobatse

13. The picture below was taken at the_________

A. Lands

B. Cattle posts

C. Town
93
14. What do we mean "Pula" in Botswana?

A Rain

B. Peace

C. Tolerance

15. What do we call a group of people living together in a

society?

A Tradition

B. Socialism

C. Community

16. Which one of the following is an entertainment activity at

the cattle post?

A. Watching television

B. Playing morabaraba

C. Going to the cinema

17. Which one of the following is a good citizen expected to do?

A. To be honest, fair and just.

B. To be greedy, fearful and ugly.

C. To be patient, not tolerant and aggressive.

94
18. People in our country have the same rights before the laws,
that means________

A. inequality

B. equality

C. not equal

19. Choppies Super Store is looking for some ladies who can
speak Setswana fluently. French and English speakers must not
apply. This is an example of_______

A. Tolerance

B. Acceptance

C. Discrimination

20. What do we call people who look after the cattle posts?

A. Herders

B. Labourers

C. Workers

21. Botswana`s neighbouring country to the north is _______

A. Namibia

B. Zambia

C. Zimbabwe

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22. Which one of these is not used as fuels?

A. Water

B. Oil

C. Paraffin

23. What one believes in are_______?

A. Community values

B. Personal values

C. Woman values

24. The symbol below is a_________

A. Muslim Crescent

B. Hindu aum

C. Christian cross

25. What does VDC stand for?

A. Village Development Committee

B. Village Development Council

C. Village Development Church

96
26. People with HIV/AIDS have the right to be________

A. Punished

B. Treated

C. Isolated

27. Christians worship in a_______ whereas monks worship in a

temple.

A. monastery

B. mosque

C. church

28. Quran is to Muslim as Bible is to______

A. Christians

B. Buddhists

C. Hindus

29. Commercial farmers use _______to plough the land.

A. hoes

B. shovels

C. tractors

30. Talking to each other in an unpleasant way means________

A. rudeness

B. self-centeredness

C. selfishness

97
31. Home based care groups take care of ____________

A. Headache patients

B.HIV/AIDS patients

C.TB patients

32. Cattle given to the parents of the lady to be married are

called______

A. mafisa

B. bogadi

C. maradu

33. The national flag of Botswana has_________ colours.

A. two

B. four

C. three

34. One can become a citizen by___________

A. birth

B. buying Omang from Botswana

C. stealing a passport

35. Where does the water come from at the cattle post?

A. Stand pipes

B. Boreholes

C. Sea

98
36. One of the responsibilities of herders is to_________

A. sleep

B. slaughter cattle

C. dehorn cattle

37. Serious family conflicts can lead to____________

A. divorce

B. harmony

C. happiness

38. The below picture shows the__________

A. village

B. town

C. lands

99
39. One of the ways of responding to violence is_________

A. being aggressive

B. causing conflict

C. being innocent

40. Which of the following is a religious festival?

A. Good Friday

B. Valentine day

C. Independence

41. Why has the Batswana Government?

A. The government wants Batswana to keep cattle

B. Batswana like to look after cattle

C. Cattle industry brings foreign currency to Batswana

42. Which is the largest country in that shares the border with
Botswana?

A. Zimbabwe

B. South Africa

C. Namibia

43. Which mode of transport is not used in the landlocked

country?

A. Road

B. Air

C. Ship
100
44. Botswana is said to be landlocked, this means that
it_________

A. Is very cold

B. Is close to the sea

C. Has no sea coast

45. Goods sold to other countries are called__________

A. imports

B. exports

C. foreign currency

46. People who look after wildlife are called_________

A. game warders

B. game ranchers

C. poachers

47. Forest reserves are mainly found in_________

A. Ngamiland and Chobe

B. Kgalagadi

C. South East

48. Natural resources are things provided by___________

A. people

B. God

C. President

101
49.__________are examples of a natural resource.

A. Minerals

B. Shops

C. Schools

50. People who came from other countries to view the beauty of
our country e.g. desert, hills, game reserves and natural parks
are called__________

A. terrorists

B. tourists

C. visitors

102
 PRACTICE TEST 2
Multiple Choice Questions

Write the letter of the correct answer;

1. Who was the first President of Botswana?

A. Seretse Khama Ian Khama

B. Sir SeretseKhama

C. Dr Q. K. J.Masire

2. One example of our national symbol is?

A. Coat of arms

B. Diamond

C. Cattle

3. People of the same age who went to initiation school together

are called______

A. Badisa

B. Masoko

C. Mophato

4. Botswana`s neighbouring country to the south is_________

A. Namibia

B. Malawi

C. South Africa

103
5. Kindness, loyalty and honesty are all__________

A. personal values

B. Christian values

C. women values

6. What do we call the head of a town council?

A. Mayor

B. Chief

C. Magistrate

7. Treating others unfairly is an act of being___________

A. naughty

B. cruel

C. normal

8. You can get HIV/AIDS by________

A. sharing blankets

B. using the same bathroom

C. sharing needles

9. HIV stands for_________

A. Human Immuno Virus

B. Human Immunity Virus

C. Head Immune Virus

104
10. AIDS stands for____________

A. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

B. Acquired Immunity Deadly Syndrome

C. Actual Immunity Deficiency Syndrome

11. HIV and AIDS can be passed on from one person to the
other by the following methods:

A. Sharing needles

B. Having unprotected sex with an infected person

C. Hugging

12. ARV`s can be given to___________ patients

A.TB

B.HIV and AIDS

C. Cancer

13. Animals that eat other animals or cattle at the cattle posts
are called________

A. predators

B. poachers

C. Killers

14. The remains of dead animals and plants are called______

A. food

B. ant

C. humus
105
Use the map below to answer questions 15-19 Map of Botswana

W v

15. What is the name of a game reserve V?

A. Chobe

B. Orapa

C. Mashatu

16. A coal mining town marked X is called _______

A. Selebi-Phikwe

B. Orapa

C. Morupule

106
17. A diamond mine marked Y is called__________

A. Jwaneng

B. Mmamabula

C. Morupule

18. What is a village marked Z?

A. Gantsi

B. Tsabong

C. Lobatse

19. Name the swamps marked W.

A. Nxai pans

B. Okavango Delta

C. Makgadikgadi pans

20. This picture shows the picture of the______ worshipping.

A. Christian youth

B. Buddhist Monk

C. Islam monk

107
21. Our national anthem is sung __________

A. On special occasions, such as Independence Day

B. On Christmas day

C. When a head teacher has a birthday

22. At the lands worship and rituals are done at

the___________

A. River

B. Fields

C. Grounds

23. Which one of the following, build and rent houses to workers
in villages?

A. P.T.A

B. V.D.C

C. V.E.T

24. Tshepo and Tshepiso are not agreeing about some important
issues. This can cause________.

A. family conflicts

B. cooperation

C. happiness

108
25. What are dogs used for at the cattle post?

A. Hunting

B. Chasing goats away

C. Decoration

26. Using of natural resources wisely is called________.

A. condensation

B. convection

C. conservation

27. In Botswana a person can be allowed to vote at the age

of_________.

A. seventeen

B. eighteen

C. twenty one

28. Which of the following is not on the Botswana flag?

A. White and blue

B. Black and white

C. Red and yellow

29. Which of the following is not a Personal Value?

A. Kindness

B. Honesty

C. Drinking

109