50, will be treated as malpractice. On completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages. 2. Any revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator and /or equations written ep, 4248 Important Note : [TT TIT | GROSSE Eighth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, July/August 2022 Power System Operation and Control Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100 Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module. Module-1 a. Explain the operating states of power system, with a neat diagram, (08 Marks) b. Explain the key concepts for reliable operation of power system. (06 Marks) c. Explain the major components of energy management center. (06 Marks) OR a. Explain in brief the components of remote terminal unit for power system SCADA. (08 Marks) b. With usual notations, explain following with reference to SCADA systems. SCADA/AGC, EMS, DMS, LMS, AMR. (06 Marks) ¢. Explain single master, multiple submaster, multiple remote configuration with a neat diagram. (06 Marks) Module-2 . a. Explain in brief the function of load frequency control and excitation voltage regulators of turbo generators with a neat schematic diagram. (06 Marks) b. Draw the schematic diagram of steam turbine speed governing system and explain the functions of the various components. (08 Marks) c. Two generators rated 200MW and 400MW are operating in parallel The droop characteristics of their governors are 4% and 5% respectively from no load to full load. Assuring that the generators are operating at 50Hz at no load, how would a load of 600MW be shared between them? What will be the system frequency at this load? Assume free governor operation. (06 Marks) OR a. Explain the modeling of i) Speed govemor system model Turbine model iii) Generator-load model. (02 Marksy b. With 4 neat diagram, explain the proportional plus integral controller. (08 Marks) Module-3 a. Explain state space model of two area system. (10 Marks) b. Explain the function of important components and their transfer function of automatic voltage regulator of a generator with a neat diagram. (10 Marks) lof210 ve vs oes oP qenEE OR Explain the load frequency control with Generation Rate Constraints (GRCs) with a neat diagram. (07 Marks) Describe the effect of the speed governor dead band on AGC, (07 Marks) Explain the decentralized control in interconnected power system. (06 Marks) Module-4 Explain generation and absorption of reactive power in electrical power system. (06 Marks) Derive the equations to get the relation between voltage, power and reactive power at a node. (06 Marks) Briefly explain the different methods of reactive power injection in power system. (08 Marks) OR Explain the various methods of voltage control using tap changing transformers, (06 Marks) What is meant by sub synchronous reactance? Briefly explain. (06 Marks) Three generating stations are connected to a common bus bar X as shown in Fig,Q.8(c). For a particular system load, the line voltage at the bus bar falls by 2kV. Caiculate the reactive power injection required to bring back the voltage to the original value. All pu values are on a SOOMVA base. (08 Marks) A MP So jam M 2a5ev Ka wer . c joe 2y5KV Ky 8 io x Fig.Q.8(c) Module-5 Explain the factors affecting power system security. (04 Marks) With the help of flow chart, explain the contingency analysis. (08 Marks) Explain calculation of linear sensitivity factors with the help of flow chart. (08 Marks) OR Explain major functions involved in system security. (06 Marks) Explain the formulation and state estimate using linear least square estimation. Also explain the condition for observability in least square estimation. (08 Marks) With the help of flow chart, explain the AC power flow security analysis with contingency case selection. (06 Marks) seeeeUSN 18EE81 Eighth r B.E. Degree Examination, June/July 2023 Power System Operation & Control Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100 Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module. a. List out the operating states of a power system and explain them with a neat block diagram. (08 Marks) b, Define preventive and emergency controls used in powet system operation and list out them detail. (08 Marks) c. Define Energy Management centre and list out its functions. (04 Marks) OR a. List out the major components of SCADA and explain them in detail, (08 Marks) b. Define an IED as per the industry standard, Explain the fundamental blocks of an TED in detail using the structural block diagram. (08 Marks) ¢. Explain the following categories of SCADA systems with their configuration: (i) Single master-single remote SCADA systems. (ii) Single master-multiple RTU SCADA systems. (04 Marks) Mod Derive the complete mathematical model of load frequency control of an isolated power system with the help of modeling the following components of it, (i) — Model of speed governing system (ii) Turbine model. (ii) Generator-load model. (20 Marks) OR a. Explain the operation of load frequency and excitation voltage regulators equipped in turbo- generators with a neat schematic diagram. {08 Marks) b. State the need for proportional plus integral control in an isolated power system and derive the transfer function of it with PI controller through the block diagram of it (12 Marks) Derive the state variable model of LFC of a two area power system in terms of state variables, control variables and disturbance variables by properly defining them. (20 Marks) OR a. Explain the operation of AVR equipped in a (urbo-alternator with a neat schematic diagram and also derive its transfer function model with usual notations, (10 Marks) b. Explain the need for Generation Rate Constraints (GRCs) in LFC and various ways of incorporating them in the mathematical model of LFC. (05 Marks) ¢. Define speed governor dead-band and explain in deiail about its effects on AGC with neat control block diagram (03 Marks)18EE81 Explain in detail about the generation and absorpiion-of, tie power by various power system components. (08 Marks) . Consider a traneniasion aystem shown in Hig, Q7 (6) below. The pu reactance values are referred to the respective voltage bases and 100 MVA base. Determine the power supplied hy the generator and its power factor. Fig. Q7 (b) (12 Marks) OR Explain various methods of voltage control by injection of reactive power at a node ina power system. (12 Marks) Explain the following methods of voltage control at a node in a power system : (i) Using booster transformers. (ii) Using phase-shift transformers. (08 Marks) Module-5 Define power system security and explain in detail about its three major functions that are carried out in an operation control center. (10 Marks) Explain the simplest form of contingency analysis technique with the help of a neat flow chart. (06 Marks) List out the factors affecting the power system security and explain them briefly, (04 Marks) oR List out and explain the linear sensitivity factors. Explain the contingency analysis procedure using sensitivity factors with a neat flow chart. (2 Marks) Explain 1P1Q method for contingency selection procedure with a neal flow chart, (08 Marks) feneeyour answers, compulsorily draw diagonal eros lines or the remaining blank pages. 2. Any revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator and for equations written eg, 4248 = 50, wil be treated as malproctice Important Note : 1 On complet USN | 18EE81 L Eighth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June/July 2024 Power System Operation and Control Time: 3 brs. a” Max. Marks: 100 Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, chdosing ONE full question from each module. Modu Discuss the various operating states of power system with meat block diagram. (06 Marks) What is energy control center? Explain the functions of energy control center. _ (07 Marks) List out the objectives of power system control. Explain the various controls involved. (07 Marks) ose OR a, With a neat diagram, explain the components of RTU (Remote Terminal Unit). _ (@8 Marks) b. Whatare Intelligent Electronic Devices ([ED’s]? Explain its fanctional block diagram. (07 Marks) c. Discuss'the classification of SCADA system with neat sketches wherever necessary. : (05 Marks) Modute-2 a, Explain the AVR and ALFC control loops with schematic block diagram: (07 Marks) b. Explain the different modes of Govemer operation. (0S Marks) cc. Draw the schematic diagram ofa steam turbine. goveming system and explain the functions of various components. (08 Marks) OR a, Obtain the transfer function for the complete ALFC system. (10 Marks) b. Obtain the overall expression of an AGC with PI controller from its relevant block diagrat representation of ALFC. (10 Marks) Module-3 a. Obtain the state space model of an isolated system with necessary equations, (10 Marks) b. Explain the two area load frequency control with neat block diagram and necessary ‘equations, (0 Marks) OR a, With a schematic block diagram, explain Automatic Voltage Control (AVR). With necessary equations and mathematical models. (0 Marks) b. Explain the decentralized control of AGC. (04 Marks) c. Two generators rated 200 MW and 400 MW are operating in parallel. Their droop characteristics are 4% and 5% respectively from no load to full load. The speed changers are so set that the generators operate at 50 Hz sharing a fall load of 600 MW in the ratio of their ratings. If the load reduces to 400 MW, how will it be shared among the generators and what will be the system frequency? (06 Marks)10 18EE81 Module-4 Explain briefly the various elements of power system that can generate or absorb reactive epower, (0 Marks) Show that the real power flow between two nodes is determined by the transmission angle, and the reactive power flow is determined by the scalar voltage difference between the nodes. (10 Marks) oR Explain the different methods of voltage controf by reactive power injection. _{10 Marks) With neat diagram, explain Booster transformers and phase shift transformers used for voltage control. (06 Marks) Discuss the process of voltage collapse with a neat sketch. 04 Marks) Module-5 Explain the security constrained optimal power flow with the help of an example showing various states involved. (07 Maries) List out the factors affecting the Power System Security. (05 Marks) ‘With a neat flow chart, discuss the process involved in AC power flow security analysis with contingency case selection. 408 Marks) oR With neat diagrams and necessary equations, explain: (i) Generation shift factors (ii) Line outage distribution factors (40 Marks) Explain the linear least square estimation technique used for state estimation in power system with flow chart. (10 Marks) wees