Question:
Differentiate between quantitative, qualitative and mixed research methods
highlighting the characteristics of each method and illustrate each of them.
1. Quantitative Research Methods
Quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis to
understand patterns, relationships, or trends. It is often used to test hypotheses
or theories.
Characteristics:
● Focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis.
● Aims to identify patterns, trends, and causal relationships.
● Employs structured research designs, such as experiments and surveys.
● Uses objective measures and standardized instruments.
● Seeks to generalize findings to a larger population.
Illustration:
A researcher wants to study the impact of a new teaching method on student
performance. They randomly assign students to two groups: one receiving the
new method and the other receiving the traditional method. After the intervention,
both groups take a standardized test. The researcher then compares the average
test scores of the two groups using statistical tests to determine if there is a
significant difference.
2. Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative research focuses on understanding people’s experiences, behaviors,
and motivations through non-numerical data like text, images, or observations.
Characteristics:
Focuses on understanding meanings, interpretations, and experiences.
● Employs flexible and emergent research designs.
● Relies on subjective data, such as interviews, observations, and
documents.
● Seeks to explore complex phenomena in depth.
● Aims to generate rich, detailed descriptions and insights.
Illustration:
A researcher wants to understand the experiences of international students
adjusting to a new university environment. They conduct in-depth interviews with
a small group of students, asking open-ended questions about their challenges,
successes, and coping strategies. The researcher analyzes the transcripts of the
interviews to identify common themes and patterns, providing a nuanced
understanding of the students' experiences.
3. Mixed Methods Research
Mixed methods combine both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide
a comprehensive understanding of a research problem.
Characteristics:
● Combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
● Aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research
problem.
● Can be used to complement, corroborate, or contradict findings from either
method alone.
● Offers a more holistic view of the research phenomenon.
Illustration:
A researcher wants to evaluate the effectiveness of a new mental health
intervention program. They first conduct a quantitative survey to assess
participants' mental health symptoms before and after the program. Then, they
conduct qualitative interviews with a subset of participants to explore their
experiences and perceptions of the program. By combining both quantitative and
qualitative data, the researcher can gain a deeper understanding of the
program's impact and identify areas for improvement.
