GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION

Module 2 - Handouts
 MODULE 2: THEORIES AND KINDS OF ART

TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 2: THEORIES AND KINDS OF ARTS ........................................................................................3

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Learning Outcomes....................................................................................................................................3
Module 2: Theories and Kinds of Art ....................................................................................................4
1. Kinds of Art ................................................................................................................................ 4
1. Visual Arts ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Drawing...................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Painting ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Sculpture.................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Photograph................................................................................................................ 6
1.5 Calligraphy ................................................................................................................ 7
2. Performing Arts .................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Dancing ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Singing ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Film and Theater ..................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Music ........................................................................................................................... 8
3. Applied Arts ............................................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Architecture .............................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Crafts........................................................................................................................... 9
3.3 Fashion Design ........................................................................................................ 9
3.4 Jewellery Design ................................................................................................... 10
3.5 Interior Design ...................................................................................................... 10
4. Literary Arts ........................................................................................................................ 10
4.1 Poetry .................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Prose ...................................................................................................................... 11
4.3 Non-Fiction ........................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Fiction..................................................................................................................... 11
5. Mixed Media Arts ............................................................................................................. 11
6. New Media Arts................................................................................................................. 12
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 12
Learning Exercise #1.1 .......................................................................................................... 13

2. Theories of Art ...................................................................................................................... 14

2.1 Imitationalism/Mimetic Theory ............................................................................... 14
2.2 Emotionalism/Expressive Theory .......................................................................... 14
2.3 Formalist Theory ......................................................................................................... 15
2.4 Instrumentalism/Processional Theory .................................................................. 15
2.5 Aesthecism Theory ...................................................................................................... 15
2.6 Pragmatism Theory .................................................................................................... 16
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 16
Learning Exercise #1.2 .......................................................................................................... 16
Rubrics..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 18
References ............................................................................................................................................... 19

GE6: ART APPRECIATION MODULE 2

 MODULE 2: THEORIES AND KINDS OF ART

2 THEORIES AND KINDS OF ARTS

:

INTRODUCTION
Welcome and congratulations for reaching Module 2!

This lesson will give you a glimpse as to the different theories of art, and as to what are the
kinds of arts. This will attempt to help you understand the essence of art in terms of
mimesis, expression, formalist, processional, aesthecism, and pragmatism. You will also
learn about the different kinds of art and their classification. So, sit back, relax, and enjoy the
lesson!

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

 Define and differentiate the theories of arts and the different kinds of art
 Engage critically with a variety of approaches to art in various art theories;
 Comprehensively explore the theories of art whilst paying due attention to their
conceptual affinities;
 Demonstrate broad appreciation of the similarities and differences between the
theories of arts and the kinds of art;
 Comprehensively explore the ways in which the kinds of arts and its theories
intersect; and
 Demonstrate the ability to carry out detailed analysis of arts theories that take the
kind of art as their focus.

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Module 2: Theories and Kinds of Art

I. KINDS OF ART
“The world is but a canvas to our imagination”
– Henry David Thoreau

Art they say is an expression of the truest form of our imagination and gives wings
to our inner thoughts. Art finds expression on different kinds of mediums, the more known
amongst them are canvas, paper, digital and time-based media, sculpture, etc. In present
times, art has no longer been confined to the connoisseurs but also expanded its outreach,
and is now being appreciated and proudly displayed in common man‟s home. Such has
been the expansion both in terms of reach, access and affordability.
In this piece, let us look at the different kinds of art and their art forms:

1. Visual Arts

The visual arts are forms that create works

that are primarily visual in nature such as
ceramic, drawing, painting, sculpture,
printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,
film making, and architecture. Apparently, this
definition should not be taken too strictly as many
artistic discipline involves aspects of the visual
arts as well as arts of other types. Also included
with the visual arts are the applied arts such as
industrial design, graphic design, fashion design,
interior design and decorative art.

The current usage of the term visual arts includes fine art as well as the applied,
decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts
Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the term of the 20th century, the term „artist‟ was often
restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, and printmaking)
and not the handcraft, craft, or applied art media. The distinction was emphasized by artists
of the Arts and Crafts Movement who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms.
(Wikipedia, 2012)

1.1 Drawing

Drawing is the art or technique of producing images on a

surface, usually paper, by means of marks, usually of ink, graphite,
chalk, charcoal, or crayon. In other words, it is a delineation of form
upon surface, usually a plane, by means of lines and tints or shading.
The forms delineated in a drawing may be visible objects, imagined
forms presented as if actually seen, or purely arbitrary or abstract
forms.

Drawing as formal artistic creation might be defined also as

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the primarily linear rendition of objects in the visible world, as well as of concepts, thoughts,
attitudes, emotions, and fantasies given visual form, of symbols and even of abstract forms.
This definition, however, applies to all graphic arts and techniques that are characterized by
an emphasis on form or shape rather than mass and color, as in painting.

Drawing as such differs from graphic printing processes in that a direct relationship
exists between production and result. Drawing, in short, is the end product of a successive
effort applied directly to the carrier. Whereas a drawing may form the basis for reproduction
of copying, it is nonetheless unique by its very nature.

1.2 Painting

Painting is the expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic
qualities, in a two-dimensional visual language. The elements of this language – its shapes,
lines, colours, tones, and textures – are used in various ways to produce sensations of
volume, space, movement, and light on a flat surface. These elements are combined into
expressive patterns in order to represent real or supernatural phenomena, to interpret a
narrative theme, or to create wholly abstract visual
relationships.

An artist‟s decision to use a particular medium,

such as tempera, fresco, oil, acrylic, watercolour or other
water-based paints, ink, gouache, encaustic, or casein, as
well as the choice of a particular form, such as mural,
easel, panel, miniature, manuscript illumination, scroll,
screen or fan, panorama, or any variety of modern forms,
is based on the sensuous qualities and the expressive
possibilities and limitations of those options. The choices
of the medium and the form, as well as the artist‟s own
technique, combine to realize a unique visual image.

1.3 Sculpture

Sculpture is an artistic form in which hard or

plastic materials are worked into three-dimensional
art objects. The designs may be embodied in
freestanding objects, in reliefs on surfaces, or in
environments ranging from tableaux to contexts that
envelop the spectator. An enormous variety of
media may be used, including clay, wax, stone,
metal, fabric, glass, wood, plaster, rubber, and
random “found” objects. Materials may be carved,
modelled, molded, cast, wrought, welded, sewn,
assembled, or otherwise shaped and combined.

Sculpture is not a fixed term that applies to a permanently circumscribed category of

objects or sets of activities. It is, rather, the name of an art that grows and changes and is
continually extending the range of its activities and evolving new kinds of objects.

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1.4. Photography

Photography is a language, which uses visual elements in lieu of

words, therefore, just as any language; it can be used for artistic
purposes. Just like English, which is perfectly appropriate for writing a
rental contract with a landlord and equally good for creating most
beautiful poetry, photography serves its dual purpose without any
contradiction.

As any visual art form, photography exploits vulnerabilities of

the human visual perception and can make us experience emotions that
move us and compel us to do things that we otherwise would not even
think of. Photography requires a real physical object to be there to take a
picture of it. This very fact is the reason we perceive any photo as something more real than
any type of visual representation of reality. This is something that is truly unique to
photography, and it took some time for artists who chose photography as their means of
creative expression to understand.

1.5 Calligraphy

Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting. The term may derive from the greek
words for “beauty” (kallos) and “to write” (graphein). It implies a sure knowledge of the
correct forms of letters – like the conventional signs by
which language can be communicated – and the skill to
make them with such ordering of the various parts and
harmony of proportions that the experienced,
knowledgeable eye will recognize such composition as
a work of art. Calligraphic work, as art, need not be
legible in the usual sense of word.

2. Performing Arts

Performing arts are a form of art in which artists use their voices, bodies or different
objects to show artistic expression. The major types of performing arts include music, dance,
drama, opera, and spoken words. It is different from visual arts, which is when artists use
paint, canvas, or different materials to create art objects. While performing arts include a
variety of things which are being performed in front of a live audience. Performing arts are
also performed professionally, which is why proper knowledge and practice is fundamental.

Artists that perform in front of an audience are the

performers. These artists are actors, dancers, comedians, circus
artists, magicians, singers and musicians. To be able to achieve
the performance that they desire, help from supported workers
in related fields, such as song-writing, choreography, and
stagecraft are also being focused on.

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2.1 Dance/Dancing

Generally, dancing refers to human movement, goes with a

rhythm of music and used as a form of audience entertainment in a
performance setting. Choreography is the art of making dances, and
the person who practices this art is the choreographer. Dance is a
powerful kind of art, but skilful performers channel the art of dance
into something that becomes expressive, and that may delight the
audience who feel no wish to dance themselves.
Musical accompaniment, the moves, and how the dancers
portray their emotions is a great part of the performance; body
movements are not the only important matter in this kind of art.
Dancing is not only learning the steps; it is also a way of moving that
uses the body as an instrument of conveying feelings.

2.2 Singing

Singing is the production of musical

tones by means of the human voice. In its
physical aspect, singing has a well-defined
technique that depends on the use of the
lungs, which act as an air supply, or bellows;
on the larynx, which acts as a reed or
vibrator; on the chest and head cavities,
which have the function in a wind
instrument; and on the tongue, which together with the palate, teeth, and lips articulate and
impose consonants and vowels on the amplified sound. Though these four mechanisms
function independently, they are nevertheless coordinated in the establishment of a vocal
technique and are made to interact upon one another.

Singing is distinguished from speaking by the manner in which the breath is

expended to vibrate the vocal cords. Singing requires more breath the louder, higher, and
longer one sings. It also requires that the emission of breath be more firmly controlled. A
pertinent analogy is the function of the instrumentalist‟s breath in playing a reed instrument
– an oboe, a clarinet, or a saxophone. The technique of singing depends ultimately on the
coordination of the various anatomical mechanisms in order to produce propulsion of sound
in a steady flow.

2.3 Film and Theater

Film and Theater are both visual art forms containing actors portraying characters,
have scripts, and are widely appreciated, but they are
not meant for the same place or people. The biggest
difference between live theatre and film is the location
of the audience.

Film, also called motion picture or movie, is

series of still photographs on film, projected in rapid
succession onto a screen by means of light. Because of
the optical phenomenon known as persistence of vision,

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this gives the illusion of actual, smooth, and continuous

movement. Film is a remarkably effective medium in
conveying drama and especially in the evocation of emotion.
The art of motion pictures is exceedingly complex, requiring
contributions from nearly all the other arts as well as countless
technical skills.

Theater, on the other hand, is the kind of performance which is concerned with
acting out a story, with the use of gestures, facial expressions, music, and speech. The
performers are known as actors and actresses. The specific place of the performance is also
named by the word “theatre” as derived from the Ancient Greek théatron which translates to
as a place for viewing. Theater has an influential factor in the world of arts. Theater
performance is a beautiful combination of different people from different backgrounds
coming together. Putting to rest their differences and enjoy the act.

2.4 Music

Music is also a significant art form. Individuals

show their emotions through composing, singing, and
instrumental collaboration. We can also call music as a
universal language. Everybody listens and enjoys
music. It is also tightly associated with dancing. Music
provides the rhythm and it makes dancing possible
and better.

This may sound like a usual benefit, but music

can enhance the creativity of a person. It can also
improve social skills, language, and reading skills. Critical thinking skills are also able to
learn through this.

3. Applied Arts

The term applied art refers to the application and resulting product of artistic design
to utilitarian objects in everyday use. Works of applied arts are usually functional objects
which have been prettified or creatively designed with both aesthetics and function in mind.
Applied art embraces a huge range of products and items, from a teapot or chair, to the
walls and roof of a railway station or concert hall, a fountain pen or computer mouse.

For the sake of simplicity, works of applied art comprise two different types –
standard machine-made products which have had a particular design applied to them, to
make them more attractive and easy to use; and individual, aesthetically pleasing but mostly
functional, craft products made by artisans or skilled workers. Artistic disciplines that are
classified as applied arts, include industrial design, fashion design, interior design, and
graphic art and design (including computer graphics), as well as most types of decorative art
(furniture, carpets, embroidery, batik, jewellery, precious metalwork, pottery, gold-
smithing, basketry, mosaic art, and glassware). Illuminated manuscripts and later book
illustration are also classified as applied arts. Architecture too is best viewed as an applied
art.

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3.1 Architecture

Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical
structures. A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment from
the macro level of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the micro
level of construction details and, sometimes, furniture. The
term “Architecture” is also used for the profession of
providing architectural services.

Architectural design is primarily driven by the

holistically creative manipulation of mass, peace, volume,
texture, light, shadow, materials, programs, and Realistic
elements such as cost, construction and technology, in order
to achieve an end which aesthetic, functional and often artistic. This distinguishes
Architecture from engineering design, which usually driven primarily by the creative
application of mathematical and scientific principles.

3.2 Crafts

Crafts, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft

or handmade, is any of a wide variety or types of work where useful and
decorative objects are made completely by one‟s hand or by using only
simple, non-automated related tools like scissors, carving implements, or
hooks. It is a traditional main sector of craft making and applies to a wide
range of creative and design activities that are related to making things with
one‟s hand and skill, including work with textiles, mouldable and rigid
materials, paper, plant fibres, clay, etc. Collective terms for handicrafts
include artisanry, crafting, and handcrafting. The term arts and crafts are
also applied.

Like folk art, handicraft output often has cultural and/or religious significance, and
increasingly may have a political message as well as in craftivism. Many crafts become very
popular for brief periods of time, spreading rapidly among the crafting population as
everyone emulates the first examples, then their popularity wanes until a later resurgence.

3.3 Fashion Design

Fashion design is the art of applying design, aesthetics, clothing construction and
natural beauty to clothing and its accessories. It is influenced by culture and different trends,
and has varied over time and place. It is the design and production of fashionable high-
quality custom-made clothes.

Fashion is considered an art as it is a

manifestation of human and communication. It helps
us artistically communicate who we are, who we want
to be, where we are going, and where we have been.
The convergence of art and fashion is symbolic.
Everything that exists and surrounds us is a product of
the society we live in.

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3.4 Jewellery Design

Jewellery design is the art or profession of

designing and creating jewellery. This art has taken many
forms throughout the centuries, from the simple
beadwork of ancient times to the sophisticated
metalworking and gem cutting known in the modern
day.

3.5 Interior Design

Interior design is the planning and design of man-

made spaces, a part of environmental design and closely
related to architecture. Although, the desire to create a
pleasant environment is as old as civilization itself, the field of
interior design is relatively new.

It is important to emphasize that interior design is a

specialized branch of architecture or environmental design; it
is equally important to keep in mind that no specialized
branch in any field would be very meaningful if practiced out
of context.

The best buildings and the best interiors are those in

which there is no obvious disparity between the many elements that make up the totality.
Among these elements are the structural aspects of a building, the site planning, the
landscaping, the furniture, and the architectural graphics, as well as the interior details.

4. Literary Arts

Literary art, which is an art that makes

language as a medium, can be interpreted as a branch
of art that contains everything both oral and written
that contains elements of beauty, art, imaginative from
the work of someone whose results can be enjoyed
because it has excellence and artistic factors. In literary
arts, in addition to us being aware of the elements,
satra art also has several types of groupings of their
own art branches.

Initially, literature is only grouped into one type – stories. But along with the
development of literary arts, several new types emerged. Even the definition of literary art
has also begun to be defined, so that the boundaries of literary art and which are not. Well,
the succeeding is the notion of literary art discussed one by one.

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4.1 Poetry

Poetry is a literary work that is described using diction or words of choice,

characterized by a dense but beautiful discussion, usually poetry works can indirectly cause
a tendency of someone to sharpen their awareness through language that has a rhythm and
special meaning. Examples of poetry are poetry, rhymes, and ballads.

4.2 Prose

Prose is a form of literary art that is described by using language that is free and
tends not to be bound by rhythm, diction, rhyme, soundness or rules and other literary
guidelines. This type of prose writing is usually used to describe a fact or idea. Prose can be
used for newspaper, magazines, novels, encyclopaedias, letters, and various other types of
media. Prose is divided into four types – narrative prose, descriptive prose, exposition prose and
argumentative prose.
The form of prose itself has wo kinds – romance and novel. The first one is a story that
tells a character as a whole from birth to the end of his life, while the latter only tells a part of
the life of a character that changes his destiny.

4.3 Non-Fiction

Non-Fiction is a broad genre of writing that encompasses all books that aren‟t rooted
in a made-up story or narrative. Nonfiction writing can be based in history and biography, it
can be instructional, it can offer commentary and humour, and it can ponder philosophical
questions. The most prominent types of nonfiction genres are history, biographies,
autobiographies, memoirs, travel guide, travelogues, academic texts, philosophy and insights,
journalism, self-help instruction, guides and how-to manuals, and humour and commentary.
In a nutshell, nonfiction covers everything else. The contents of nonfiction are rooted
in true events, although many nonfiction books offer strongly opinionated commentary on
those true events – think of authors like George Will, Paul Krugman, Frank Rich and more.

4.4 Fiction

Literary works of fiction are works that aren‟t based on true facts. Typically, fiction
appears as narrative – think of great novels by the likes of Toni Morrison, Edith Wharton, Mark
Twain, Virginia Woolf, James Baldwin, Gabriel Garcia Márquez, Edgar Allan Poe, and more.

In addition to novels, fiction can appear as short stories, poetry, and in theatrical
scripts for film, television, and live performance.

5. Mixed Media Arts

Mixed media describes artwork in which more than one

medium or material has been employed. Assemblages and
collages are two common examples of art using different media
that will make use of different materials including cloth, paper,
wood, and found objects.

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6. New Media Arts

New media art is an umbrella term for artwork produced

using new media. It includes a diverse set of categories such as
digital art, computer graphics, computer animation, virtual art,
internet art, interactive art technologies, but may also pertain to
such fields as computer robotics or art as biotechnology. It is
characterized by spanning practices ranging from conceptual and
virtual art to performances and installations. Very often, new media art acts like a platform
for communication and interaction rather than a closed work.

Conclusion

Arts are an important cultural tool for expressing concerns and love for the world we
occupy. Be it the natural world, keeping awareness, peace, war, disasters, taboo‟s, social and
cultural awareness. We have creativity to thank for all human kinds progress and
endeavours for it allowed us to see a brighter future with new inventions and intrigue into
areas of study that would have once been seen themselves as mysticism, wizardry or
witchcraft.

Art is a gateway into areas of thought and intrigue that in an average everyday life
may not have surfaced without allowing your creativity to flow throughout the arts. This
doesn‟t limit the creative mind to just that of the artist but also the viewer or audience of the
art in question, in turn, allowing them to enter a new world of thought and intrigue which, if
not contemplated before, will open their minds up to new ideas, understanding and
personal philosophies. It is the inspiration for your work as an artist that you draw upon
that gives you the opportunity to expand on that intrigue with further research and indeed
use of the sciences in order to produce an effective outcome within art.

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Are you ready to test what you have learned? It‟s simple. Just answer the questions
below. LET‟S DO THIS!

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II. THEORIES OF ART

“The purpose of art is to lay bare the questions that have been hidden by the answers.”
-James Baldwin

A theory of art is intended to contrast with a definition of art. Traditionally,

definitions are composed of necessary and sufficient conditions and a single
counterexample overthrows such a definition. Theorizing about art, on the other
hand, is analogous to a theory of a natural phenomenon like gravity. In fact, the intent
behind a theory of art is to treat art as a natural phenomenon that should be investigated like
any other.

Many art theories have emerged to encompass a wide variety of ideas and opinions
about what art is and what it should do. The search for one art theory to rule them all may
be futile, but there are arguments to be made on all sides, and everyone has a favourite.

2.1 Imitationalism/Mimetic Theory

The imitationalism or mimetic theory of art claims that

artwork is best when it imitates life. We‟ve all experienced seeing
an artwork from a distance and making it for the real thing, rather
than a replica. Those pieces are prized under imitationalism. The
most realistic, the better.

In Vermeer‟s The Milkmaid, we see the creamy milk

pouring from the jug. It‟s easy to imagine the splashing sound it
makes hitting the bottom of the container. The texture of the
baskets and the woman clothing look real enough to reach and
touch. The play of light and shadows match what comes through
our own windows. We don‟t have to make any mental leaps to
imagine the scene unfolding right in front of us. Mimetic artworks are instantly recognizable
because of their devotion to reality.

2.2 Emotionalism/Expressive Theory

This theory was born of the Romantic

Movement, which reacted against C18th
classicism and placed the individual at the center
of art. In expressive theory, art was seen as the
means of portraying the unique, individual
feelings and emotions of artist and good art
should successfully communicate the feelings
and emotions which the artist intended to
express.

It places emphasis on the expressive qualities of an artwork. The communication

between artwork and viewer is crucial. If the art is able to elicit a feeling from the audience,

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then the artist has created an excellent piece. Emotionalism is unique among art theories
because it is not concerned with how an observer is attracted. Varying components of an
artwork can captivate different viewers, but it only matters that the artist was able to evoke a
mood or idea, regardless of composition, context or narrative.

2.3 Formalist Theory

Formalism dictates that art is good when it

effectively uses the elements of art and principles of
design. A formalist will concentrate solely on how an
artwork looks – color, line shape, and texture. The story
being told and any historical or social context behind the
artwork have no bearing on whether it is considered
successful. The composition is all that matters. While
artists have always used the elements and principles of
art, formalism really came into being with modern art and
the rise of abstract and expressionist works since those
pieces put special emphasis on using line, shapes, and color to create a pleasing
composition.

2.4 Instrumentalism/Processional Theory

An instrumentalist is not concerned with composition,

only context. Through the lens of instrumentalism, the best
artworks are those that convey a message or shape how we see
the world. Unlike other art theories, instrumentalism says that art
is good when it functions as a tool to influence or change society.

The example artwork no doubt drew a visceral reaction

the moment you saw it. Did your eyes flick to the title? Were you
trying to figure out what the artist was trying to say? Now
imagine that you saw this artwork before World War II. As Hitler
rose to power, many saw him as a harmless politician, though
some knew otherwise. In this piece, Heartfield was using his art
as an instrument, sounding an alarm for anyone who
thought Hitler was nothing to fear.

2.5 Aesthecism Theory

Aesthecism, late 19th century European arts

movement which centered on the doctrine that art exists
for the sake of its beauty alone, and that it need serve no
political, didactic, or other purpose. This movement began
in reaction to prevailing utilitarian social philosophies and
to what was perceived as the ugliness and philistinism of
the industrial age. Its philosophical foundations were laid
in the 18th century by Immanuel Kant, who postulated the autonomy of aesthetic standards,
setting them apart from considerations of morality, utility or pleasure.

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2.6 Pragmatism Theory

This theory states that the function of art is to

produce just one kind of effect upon its audience:
pleasure. It may also inform or instruct, represent or
express, but first and foremost it must please. The
more pleasure it gives, the better the art.

Conclusion:

Countless proffered definitions of art are not definitions at all but are theories about
the nature of art that presuppose that the ability to identify certain things in the world as
works of art already exists. Most of them are highly unsatisfactory even as theories. “Art is
an exploration of reality through a sensuous presentation” – but in what way is it an
exploration? It is always concerned with reality? “Art is re-creation of reality” – but is all art
re-creation, even music? “Art is an expression of feeling through a medium” – but is it
always an expression and is it always feeling that is expressed?

Art should always be apprehended in its context or setting and that not merely
knowledge about it but total appreciation of it is much richer if it is approached with this
knowledge.

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Rubrics for Essay Learning Exercises:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1

Information is very Information is Information is The information appears

organized in a well- slightly organized organized but to be disorganized.
constructed in a well- paragraph(s) are not
Organization
paragraph or constructed well-constructed.
paragraphs. paragraph or
paragraphs.

Information relates Information relates Information partially Information has little or

to the topic. It to the topic. It relates to the topic. No nothing to do with the
Content provides a lot of provides few details and/or topic.
supporting details supporting details examples are given.
and/or examples. and/or examples.

Main points well Main points well Main points are present Main points lack
developed with developed with with limited detail and detailed development.
high quality and quality supporting development. Some Ideas are vague with
Development quantity support. details and critical thinking is little evidence of critical
Reveals high degree quantity. Critical present. thinking.
of critical thinking. thinking is weaved
into points.

Essay is free of Essay has few Most spelling, Spelling, punctuation,

distracting spelling, punctuation and punctuation, and and grammatical errors
punctuation, and grammatical errors grammar correct create distraction,
Grammar grammatical errors; allowing reader to allowing reader to making reading
& Mechanics absent of follow ideas clearly. progress through essay. difficult; fragments,
fragments, comma Very few fragments Some errors remain. comma splices, run-ons
splices, and run- or run-ons. evident. Errors are
ons. frequent.

Meets all formal Meets format and Meets format and Fails to follow format
and assignment assignment assignment and assignment
requirements and requirements; requirements; generally requirement; cover
evidences attention margins, spacing, correct margins, format, incorrect
to detail; all and indentations spacing, and indentations; neatness of
Format margins, spacing are correct; essay is indentations; essay is essay needs attention.
and indentations neat and correctly neat but may have
are correct; essay is assembled. some assembly errors.
neat and correctly
assembled with
professional look.

GE6: ART APPRECIATION MODULE 17

 MODULE 2: THEORIES AND KINDS OF ART

SUMMARY
Arts are an important cultural tool for expressing concerns and love for the world we
occupy. Be it the natural world, keeping awareness, peace, war, disasters, taboo‟s, social and
cultural awareness. We have creativity to thank for all human kinds progress and
endeavours for it allowed us to see a brighter future with new inventions and intrigue into
areas of study that would have once been seen themselves as mysticism, wizardry or
witchcraft.

Art is a gateway into areas of thought and intrigue that in an average everyday life
may not have surfaced without allowing your creativity to flow throughout the arts. This
doesn‟t limit the creative mind to just that of the artist but also the viewer or audience of the
art in question, in turn, allowing them to enter a new world of thought and intrigue which, if
not contemplated before, will open their minds up to new ideas, understanding and
personal philosophies. It is the inspiration for your work as an artist that you draw upon
that gives you the opportunity to expand on that intrigue with further research and indeed
use of the sciences in order to produce an effective outcome within art.

Countless proffered definitions of art are not definitions at all but are theories about
the nature of art that presuppose that the ability to identify certain things in the world as
works of art already exists. Most of them are highly unsatisfactory even as theories. “Art is
an exploration of reality through a sensuous presentation” – but in what way is it an
exploration? It is always concerned with reality? “Art is re-creation of reality” – but is all art
re-creation, even music? “Art is an expression of feeling through a medium” – but is it
always an expression and is it always feeling that is expressed?

Art should always be apprehended in its context or setting and that not merely
knowledge about it but total appreciation of it is much richer if it is approached with this
knowledge.

GE6: ART APPRECIATION MODULE 18

 MODULE 2: THEORIES AND KINDS OF ART

REFERENCES
Books:

 Perez, T., Cayas, R. & Narciso, N. Alampat: An Introduction to Arts Appreciation.

Blue Patriach Publishing House. Davao City. 2013
 Leano, R., Agtani, J.M., Papel, R. O. Art Appreciation for College Students.
Mindshapers Co., Inc. Manila. 2017
 MacMillan, T. On State Street, “Maker Movement Arrives. New Haven
Independent.2016.
 Vaughan, W. Encyclopedia of Artists: Art Movements, Glossary, and Index. Oxford
University Press.2000

Artworks, Articles, and Images used in this Module:

 https://www.britannica.com/art/drawing-art
 https://cdn.diys.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Nature-Drawing-
1024x576.png
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Portrait_at_the_Age_of_13#/media/File:Self-
portrait_at_13_by_Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer.jpg
 https://media.timeout.com/images/103323903/image.jpg
 https://www.artphotoacademy.com/photography-as-an-art-form/
 https://cdn.britannica.com/19/60619-004-4371C55B/Spieghel-der-Schrijfkonste-Jan-
van-de-Velde.jpg
 https://artclasscurator.com/art-theories/
 http://bookfestivalscotland.com/types-of-literary-arts-and-their-
understanding/?fbclid=IwAR3uYfK3pmJn4hTD8FfMP_IGCVYL-
qj0tidAg2C5xpQU1sfC9YQfvStP7qM
 https://www.masterclass.com/articles/learn-about-
nonfiction?fbclid=IwAR1rKuikA0f69mU7C0jJ5Ml68-lGxjZQcFbEjpo0pG-
o9jvgMKMnAq3emC4#what-is-the-difference-between-fiction-and-nonfiction
 http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/definitions/applied-
art.htm?fbclid=IwAR24EWBI3nvs5W1UdsKAcmbcblsyyIfUNHGUnPQUlIc2ROsldO
YUtucp6fU
 http://www.peareylalbhawan.com/blog/2015/12/11/different-kinds-of-art-and-
their-art-forms/?fbclid=IwAR3LtXaOgYXd3xl7y-
rtiziKXicrSoBNoQTfprGDb_2beSZj04yS1QFs9K8
 https://medium.com/@AAA_Publication/what-is-architecture-1b52f5339c2a
 https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcSnyuO47wutM7iUhqgWywUz95kbtyrI
LNSOIGnmbFZIfQ3psmoi6FitpJ3l&s=10&fbclid=IwAR3uYfK3pmJn4hTD8FfMP_IG
CVYL-qj0tidAg2C5xpQU1sfC9YQfvStP7qM
 https://www.unboundvisualarts.org/what-is-visual-
art/?fbclid=IwAR1OvrG2meI5jrJw_wqpiapIAU28pk1LL0gJ-iWL0iPYfL-
4kZefGGJu13E#:~:text=The%20visual%20arts%20are%20art,video%2C%20film%20m
aking%20and%20architecture

GE6: ART APPRECIATION MODULE 19