Phrase: Definition, Types &

Examples
(5/5, 309 votes)




What is Phrase?
Phrases and clauses are the most important elements
of English grammar. Phrase and clause cover
everything a sentence has. Clauses are the center of
sentences and phrases strengthen the sentences to
become meaningful. If the clauses are the pillars of a
building, the phrases are the bricks. A phrase usually is
always present within a clause, but a phrase cannot
have a clause in it.

The basic difference between a clause and a phrase is

that a clause must have a finite verb and a phrase
must not.

A phrase, therefore, is a group of words which has no

finite verb in it and acts to complete the sentence for
making it meaningful.
“A phrase is a small group of words that form a
meaningful unit within a clause.”-Oxford
Dictionary

“In linguistic analysis, a phrase is a group of

words (or possibly a single word) that functions
as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence, a
single unit within the grammatical hierarchy.” -
Osborne, Timothy, Michael Putnam, and Thomas
Gross (2011)

Phrase Examples
Types of Phrases
The phrases are generally of several types.

 Noun Phrase
 Adjective Phrase
 Adverbial Phrase
 Prepositional Phrase
 Conjunctional Phrase
 Interjectional Phrase
 Absolute Phrase
 Appositive Phrase
 Participle Phrase
 Gerund Phrase
 Infinitive Phrase
Noun Phrase
It is usually assembled centering a single noun and
works as a subject, an object or a complement in the
sentence.
Example:
o I like to swing the bat hard when I am at the

crease. (An object)

o Reading novels is a good habit. (A subject)

o The probability of happening that match is not

much. (A subject)
o We are sorry for her departure .

Adjective Phrase
It is comprised of an adjective and works as a single
adjective in the sentence.
Example:
o Alex is a well-behaved man.

o He is a man of friendly nature .

o Julie is a woman of gorgeous style .

o She leads a very interesting life.

o A lot of people do not sleep at night.

Adverbial Phrase
It modifies the verb or the adjective and works as
an adverb in the sentence.
Example:
o The horse runs at a good speed .

o I was in a hurry then .

o I ran as fast as possible .

o He works very slowly .

Prepositional Phrase
It always begins with a preposition and connects nouns.
Example:
o He sacrificed his life for the sake of his country.

o In the end , we all have to die.

o He is on the way .

o By working aimlessly , you will not get success.

o In spite of working hard, he was insulted by his

boss.
Note: Prepositional phrases include all other types of
phrases.
Conjunctional Phrase
A conjunctional phrase works as a conjunction in the
sentence.
Example:
o As soon as you got in, he went out.

o We have to work hard so that we can win the next

match.
o I will attend the ceremony provided that you

come.
o John started working early in order that he could

finish early.
Interjectional Phrase
Interjections that have more than one word are
called interjectional phrases.
Example:
o What a pity! He is dead.

o What a pleasure! I won the first prize.

o Oh please! Don’t say that again.

Absolute Phrase
The phrases containing Noun or Pronoun accompanied
by a participle and necessary modifiers if any are stated
as Absolute Phrases. They modify indefinite classes and
are also called Nominative Phrases.
Examples:
o Weather permitting, I will join the party.

o God willing, he’ll pass the test this time.

o The hot Summer sun having set, we left for the

movie
Appositive Phrase
An appositive is a Noun or Pronoun often accompanied
by modifiers that sit beside another Noun or Pronoun to
describe it. An Appositive Phrase is a set of words
containing an Appositive and it follows or precedes the
Noun or Pronoun it identifies or explains.
Examples:
o My school friend, Brooks always bunked

classes.
o His colleague, Mr. Robinson likes his tea.

o Jeremy, the police officer on duty, wrote the

speeding ticket.
Participle Phrase
It is made of a participle, its modifier(s) and/or the
objects that complete the sense of the sentence.

Examples:
o Walking fast, I keep looking left and right.

o Climbing the stairs, she waved at us.

o I looked back, starting the engine.

Gerund Phrase
 These contain a Gerund, its modifier(s) and the other
necessary elements. They function as Nouns just like
Gerunds themselves and that means they can be
Subjects and Objects of the sentences.

Examples:
o Eating plenty of grapes in one sitting is a bad

idea.
o Doing the dishes gives me cold allergies.

o I hate hurrying right before the deadline.

Infinitive Phrase
These are comprised of infinitive verbs (To + base
verb)along with their modifiers and/or complements.

Examples:
o We love to cook together.

o He likes to solve math problems too much.

o Rina walks fast to be there on time.

Number: Types, Rules & Examples

Number: Types, Rules &

Examples
(5/5, 223 votes)




In grammar, the number refers to the count of a noun

or pronoun.
Example: Boy-boys, wife-wives, my-our, ox-oxen, it-
they, etc.
Types of Number:
Two types exist
 Singular Number
 Plural Number
Singular Number
It refers to the count of only one of a noun or pronoun.

Example: pen, table, aunt, father, goose, etc.

Plural Number
It refers to the count of more than one of a noun or
pronoun.

Example: pens, tables, aunts, fathers, geese, etc.

How to change number

Numerous RULES are there to change the number from
singular to plural. They are as follows-

Rule 1:
In general “s” is used at the end of a singular noun to
make it plural

Example:

Singular Plural

Pencil Pencils

Cow Cows

House Houses
 Dog Dogs

Mobile Mobiles

Rule 2:
If there exist s, sh, ch, x and z in the end, “es” gets to
be used.
Examples:

Singular Plural

Bus Buses

Dish Dishes

Branch Branches

Fox Foxes

Fez Fezes

Rule 3:

While pronunciation of ch is like “k”, just “s” is added

at the end
Example:

Singular Plural

Monarch Monarchs

Patriarch Patriarchs

Matriarch Matriarchs
Stomach Stomachs

Hierarch Hierarchs

Part 1: when there’s a “y” in the end and a Consonant

before that “y”, “i” substitutes it and an “es”
thereafter.
Example:

Singular Plural

Story Stories

Hobby Hobbies

Army Armies

Fly Flies

Baby Babies

Part 2: but if there’s a vowel ahead of that “y”, no

need to change it, only “s” to add.

Example

Singular Plural

Donkey Donkeys

Toy Toys

Day Days

Joy Joys

Play Plays
Rule 4:
“v” replaces f or fe and then adds an “es” to finish it.
Example:

Singular Plural

thief Thieves

Wife Wives

Knife Knives

Wolf Wolves

Leaf Leaves

Part 1: “es” to be added if the noun is finished by “o”

and a consonant places ahead.
Example:

singular Plural

Hero Heroes

Mango Mangoes

Zero Zeroes

Potato Potatoes

Echo Echoes

Part 2: but when there’s a vowel before that “o”, only

“s” is enough.
Example
 Singular Plural

Cuckoo Cuckoos

Bamboo Bamboos

Studio Studios

Portfolio Portfolios

Cameo Cameos

Exception 1: though there’s an “o” and a consonant

ahead of it, some nouns use only “s”.
Example:

Singular Plural

Photo Photos

Piano Pianos

Radio Radios

Canto Cantos

Memo Memos

Exception 2: for some, “s” and “es” both are correct.

Singular Plural

Mosquito Mosquitos/mosquitoes

Commando Commandos/commandoes

Portico Porticos/porticoes
 Calico Calicos/calicoes

Memento Mementos/mementoes

Rule 5:
Some require changing the middle-vowel of the word to
make it plural.

Example:

Singular Plural

Man Men

Woman Women

Foot Feet

Mouse Mice

Tooth Teeth

Rule 6:
Some require en, ren and ne to add at last.
Example:

Singular plural

Ox Oxen

Child Children

Brother Brethren (brothers also correct)

 Cow Kine (cows also correct)

Sister Sistren (sisters also correct)

Part 1: if “man” means human being in a compound

noun(a noun that contains two or more words that
jointly make a single noun), “men”replaces that “man”.
Example:

singular plural

Fisherman Fishermen

Workman Workmen

Boatman Boatmen

Man-of-war Men-of-war

Salesman salesmen

Part 2: but when “man” is just a part of the word, or it

refers to any ethnic group, race or civilian, there comes
“s”.

Singular Plural

Mussalman Mussalmans

Brahman Brahmans

German Germans

Norman Normans

Rule 7:
“s” to be added when there’s a “ful” in the end.

Example:

singular plural

Handful Handfuls

Mouthful mouthfuls

Spoonful Spoonfuls

armful Armfuls

cupful cupfuls

Part 1: If compound noun contains several words, “s”

comes to join with the main part of that noun.
Example:

Singular Plural

Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law

Passers-by Passers-by

Step-brother Step-brothers

Commander-in-chief Commanders-in-chief

Maid-servant Maid-servants

Part 2: in some cases,“s”comes in every part to make

it so.
Example:

Singular Plural
 Lord-justice Lords-justices

Man-servant Men-servants

Woman-servant Women-servants

Rule 8:
Besides, adding “s” only in the end gets it done for few.

Example:

Singular Plural

Book-shelf Book-shelves

Book-case Book-cases

Major-general Major-generals

Poet-laurete Poet-lauretes

Forget-me-not Forget-me-nots

Rule 9:
Some singular nouns have no plural form, only used in
singular.

Example:

Furniture

Scenery
 Issue

Bread

expenditure

Rule 9:
Adversely, some are always used as a plural form.

Example:

Mumps

Scissors

Trousers

Spectacles

Assets

Rule 10:
Though some nouns seem like singular, but actually
they are plural.

Example:

Government

Peasantry

People
 Cattle

Mankind

Rule 11:
Similarly, some nouns seem like plural though they are
singular.

Example:

Physics

Politics

Ethics

News

Wages

Rule 12:
Some have the same singular and plural form.

Example:

Deer

Sheep

Species

Corps
 Canon

Rule 12:
In case of letters, numbers and other symbols, it takes
an apostrophe and s to change it.
Example:

Sam, write your g’s and y’s clearly.

John, add two 5’s and three 8’s.

Rule 13:
There is no specific rule for changing the number of
pronouns. It’s all about memorizing.

Singular plural singular plural

I We Him/her Them

My Our Your Your

Mine Ours This These

Me Us That Those

You You It They

He/she they His/her their

Published By LearnGrammar.Net
 Number Exercise & Practice with Explanation
Previous:
Phrase: Definition, Types & Examples
Next:
Narration: Reported to Reporting Speech

RELATED

Independent Clause with Examples

Irreversible Binomials: Definition, Types with
examples

Linking Verbs: Definition, Examples and Lists

Parallel Structure: Definition & Examples
Perfectives: Structures & Usage
 GRAMMAR
 Word
 Sentence
 Parts of Speech
 Noun
 Pronoun
 Adjective
 Verb
 Adverb
 Preposition
 Conjunction
 Interjection
 Tense
 Number
 Phrases
 Clauses
 Conditionals
 Article

READ MORE
 When & How to Use "Although" in Sentences to Avoid Mistake
 When & How to Use "As a Matter of Fact" with Examples in Sentence
 How to Use "Consequently" in Sentences with Example, Meaning
and Tips
 How to Use "Even Though" in Sentences without Common Mistakes
 How to Use "Additionally" in Sentences without Mistake
 How to Use "However" Effectively in Sentences
 How to Use "Nor" Properly in a Sentence with Example
 How to Write a Project Proposal? With Samples
 Tips and Tricks for Writing Effective Project Proposals
 Booking vs. Reservation: Learn the Difference

Twitter Pinterest Facebook

About us | Privacy Policy | Terms
© 2023 learnenglish.net All Rights Reserved.
 Affirmative and Negative
Agreement
(5/5, 18 votes)




In daily-life language use, there is a lot of work that is

done by one person and repeated the same action by
another person. In this case, we need to use particular
words or formula to express the words in most
appropriate and precise way. So, we use different words
and rules to avoid unnecessary repetition of words
which is known as Affirmative and Negative
Agreement.
Affirmative Agreement:
When mentioning that one person or thing does
something and again that another does the same, we
use the word so or too. By using conjunction and,
followed by a simple statement using so or too we
can avoid unnecessary repetition of words from the
affirmative sentences. The array of this statement will
rely on whether so or too is used.
1. In the main clause, if a form of the verb be is used
then the same tense of the verb be will be used in the
simple statement that follows.
subject + verb (be)
Affirmative statement + and + + too
(be) so + verb (be) + subject
Examples:
– I am happy. You are happy.
– I am happy, and you are too.
– I am happy, and so are you.
2. In the main clause, when a compound verb
(auxiliary + verb), for example, will go, should do, has
done, have written, must examine, etc. comes, the
auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple
statement, and the subject and verb must agree.
Affirmative statement (compound verb) + and + subject + only auxiliary + too
so + only auxiliary + subject
Examples:
– They will work in the lab tomorrow. You will work in
the lab tomorrow.
– They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too.
– They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you.
3. In the main clause, when any
verb except be comes without any auxiliaries, the
auxiliary do, does, or did is used in the simple
statement. The tense must be the same and the subject
and verb must agree.
subject + do, does,
Affirmative statement + and + or did + too
(single verb except be) so + do, does, or did + subject
Examples:
– Jane goes to that school. My sister goes to school.
– Jane goes to school and my sister does too.
– Jane goes to school and so does my sister.
Additional examples:

He has been seen her plays, and the girls have too.
He has been seen her plays, and so have the girls.

I will be in New Mexico in August, and they will too.

I will be in New Mexico in August, and so will they.

We are going to the movies tonight, and Sam is too.

We are going to the movies tonight, and so is Sam.

John went to the mountain on his vacation, and we did too.

John went to the mountain on his vacation, and so did we.

She will wear a costume for the party, and we will too.
She will wear a costume for the party, and so will we.

Ronaldo was a famous player, and Messi was too.

Ronaldo was a famous player, and so was Messi.

Negative Agreement
Either and neither in simple sentence function much
like so and too in affirmative sentences. They are used
to mention negative agreement. For this, the same
rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Negative Sentence + and + subject + negative auxiliary + either
neither + positive auxiliary + subject
Examples:

– Matthews hasn’t seen the new movie yet. I haven’t seen the new
– Matthews hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and I h
– Matthews hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and neither have I.

– I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning.
– I didn’t see Mary this morning, and John didn’t either
– I didn’t see Mary this morning, and neither did John.
 – Roxeta hasn’t seen the movie yet. I haven’t seen the movie yet.
– Roxeta hasn’t seen the movie yet, and I haven’t either.
– Roxeta hasn’t seen the movie yet, and neither have I.

Additional examples:

We can’t study in the library, and neither can they.

We can’t study in the library, and they can’t either.

John shouldn’t run so fast, and neither should you.

John shouldn’t run so fast, and you shouldn’t either.

Your class hasn’t begun yet, and mine hasn’t either.

Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither has mine.

I don’t like tennis, and she doesn’t either.

I don’t like tennis, and neither does she.

I am not interested in reading that book, and neither is she.

I am not interested in reading that book, and she isn’t either.

I can’t stand listening to that music, and Helena can’t either.

I can’t stand listening to that music, and neither can Helena.

The scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and neither have his assistants.
The scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and his assistants haven’t either.

Published By LearnGrammar.Net
Skip to content

 Free Books
o Alternative Therapy
o Animal
o Art & Photography
o Biology
o Business and Investment
o Chemistry
o Children’s
o Computer Science
o Engineering
o Esotericism
o Food and Drinks
o History
o Horror
o Language
o Law
o Love
o Math
o Medicine
o Mystery and Thriller
o Mythology
o Novels
o Philosophy
o Physics
o Psychology
o Religion
o Self Improvement
o Short Stories
o Sports
o Trades
o Various Topics
o French Books
o Portuguese Books
o Spanish Books
o Gift Books
o Interesting Books
 Choose an author
o Authors by Topic
o Classic Authors
 About InfoBooks
Free Books!

Home > Free Books > Mystery and Thriller

20+ Mystery Books for Free!

[PDF]
by INFOBOOKS
Reading books is a safe emotion, like roller coasters when you are a child, they are also a safe
adventure, if you are looking for good mystery books on our page you will get mystery books in
PDF format.

As with any other type of book, with mystery books in PDF we can visit exotic or interesting
places, you will be able to see the dark side of people who at first may not seem evil, where
justice will prevail, in most cases good will defeat evil.

Readers respond to the books because they can relate to one of the characters, a detective or
amateur detective, we respond because we can be part of the solution and become a detective to
solve the mystery.

We are on the winning team, capturing villains, killers and correcting mistakes. We read
mysteries for the same reasons we read romance or science fiction, we love escaping into
brilliant narrative and fascinating stories.
We find ourselves instantly involved in the lives of the characters, and being there with them,
feeling what they feel, seeing what they see, experiencing their emotional journey.

What happens is that our vision of the world grows, as we read great mysteries, just like reading
any other magnificent book, reality fades away and we become part of this fictional world that
captivated our imagination. It’s magic!

When we regret having reached the end of a story because we will miss the world or the
characters we have approached, we have really experienced something magical.

In our page you will get the best titles and more than 20 mystery books in PDF format, so you
can stay at home and solve mysteries in the best Sherlock style.

Here we present our complete selection of

Mystery books:
2) Crime and Punishment
Fyodor Dostoevsky

ReadDownload

3) The Woman in White

Wilkie Collins

ReadDownload

4) The Mysteries of Udolpho

Ann Radcliffe

ReadDownload

5) The Bishop's Secret

Fergus Humes

ReadDownload
 6) The Secret Adversary
Agatha Christie

ReadDownload

7) The Mystery of Edwin Drood

Charles Dickens

ReadDownload

9) The Mysterious Affair at Styles

Agatha Christie

ReadDownload

10) The murders in the Rue Morgue: the Dupin tales

Edgar Allan Poe

ReadDownload

11) Death On The Nile

Agatha Christie

ReadDownload

12) Further Adventures of The Amateur Cracksman

E.W. Hornung

ReadDownload

13) A Collection of Short Mystery Stories

Various authors
 ReadDownload

15) Lady Audley’s Secret - An Adaptation of the

Novel
Mary Elizabeth Braddon

ReadDownload

16) Madame Midas

Fergus Hume

ReadDownload

17) The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Robert Louis Stevenson

ReadDownload

18) Tales of Mystery and Imagination

Edgar Allan Poe

ReadDownload

19) A Study In Scarlet

Arthur Conan Doyle

ReadDownload

20) The Vampyre

John William Polidori

ReadDownload
 21) The Lerouge Case
Émile Gaboriau

ReadDownload

22) The Cask of Amontillado

Edgar Allan Poe

ReadDownload

23) The Bottle Imp

Robert Louis Stevenson

ReadDownload

24) The Boscombe Valley Mystery

Arthur Conan Doyle

ReadDownload

25) The Raven

Edgar Allan Poe

ReadDownload

Here ends our selection of free Mystery books in PDF format. We hope you liked it and already
have your next book!

If you found this list useful, do not forget to share it on your social networks. Remember
that “Sharing is Caring”.

Do you want more Mystery and Thriller books in PDF format?

Mystery and Thriller Books

| Detectives Books
| Intrigue Books

| Killer Books

| Police Novel Books

| Thriller Books

| Vampire Books

Free Books

Alternative Therapy
 Animals

Art & Photography

 Biology

Business and Investment

Chemistry

Children's
Computer Science

Engineering
 Esotericism

Food & Drinks

French Books

History
 Horror

Language
Law

Love
 Math

Medicine
Mystery and Thriller

Mythology
 Novels

Philosophy
 Physics

Portuguese Books
Psychology

Religion
Self Improvement

Short Stories
Spanish Books

Sports
 Trades

Various

HELP US SPREAD THE HABIT OF READING!

 InfoBooks is a website to download free books legally.

LINKS OF INTEREST:

Legal AspectsPrivacy PolicyBlog

RESOURCES:

InfoLibros SpanishInfoLivros PortugueseInfoLivres FrenchVirtual Libraries

© 2023 InfoBooks.org