Spinning
The conversion of polymer into fibre is called
spinning. The fibre forming substance is made
temporarily fluid,extruded through spinneret
and then returned to solid state(by
solidification) in fibre form.
Three types of spinning:
• Melt spinning
• Wet spinning
• Dry spinning
Spinneret
Spinneret
Spinneret
Melt Spinning
Spinning process:
• ❶ In melt spinning, polymer is heated and it melts to form
a liquid spinning solution or dope.
• ❷ Chips of polymers are fed to a hopper which is heated.
There is a grid (sieve) at the base which permits only
molten liquid to pass through.
• ❸ Then the solution is purified by filter.
• ❹ The molten polymer is extruded at high pressure and
constant rate through a spinneret into a relatively cooler air
stream that solidifies the filaments.
• ❺ Finally the filament yarn either is immediately wound
onto bobbins or is further treated for certain desired
characteristics or end use.
• Example: Melt spinning is used for the production of
polyester, nylon, olefin, saran and glass fibers.
Melt Spinning
Melt Spinning
Advantage
• Can be used for both staple and continuous
filament
• Direct and simple process
• No environment pollution
• No solvent required
• Non toxic and no risk of explosion
• High production speed
Disadvantage
• Required high heat
• Required more proper maintenance of the m/c
Dry Spinning
Spinning process:
• ❶ In dry spinning, a volatile solvent is used to
dissolve the raw materials and form a salutation.
• ❷ Then the solution is purified by filter.
• ❸ The solution is extruded through a spinneret
into a warm air chamber where the solvent
evaporates, solidifying the fine filaments.
• ❹ Finally the filament yarn either is immediately
wound onto bobbins or is further treated for
certain desired characteristics or end use.
• Example: Dry spinning is used in the production
of acetate, triacetate, and some acrylic,
modacrylic, spandex, and vinyon (PVC,PVA)
fibers.
Dry Spinning
Dry Spinning
Advantage
• Suitable for producing fine denier fibre
• No need to wash of fibre
Disadvantage
• Toxic and risk of explosion
• Can not be used for staple fibre production
Wet Spinning
Spinning process:
• ❶ In wet spinning, a non-volatile solvent is used to
convert the raw material into a solution.
• ❷ The solvent is extruded through the spinneret
either by simply washing it out or by a chemical
reaction between the polymer solution and a reagent
in the spinning bath.
• ❸ After extrusion, the solvent is removed in a liquid
coagulation medium.
• ❹ Finally the filament yarn either is immediately
wound onto bobbins or is further treated for certain
desired characteristics or end use.
• Example: Wet spinning is used in the production of
aramid, Lyocell , PVC, Vinyon (PVA), viscose rayon,
spandex, acrylic and mod acrylic fibers.
Wet Spinning
Advantage:
▪ Suitable for staple fibre
▪ Both organic and inorganic solvent can be used
▪ Low temperature required
▪ Investment cost low
Disadvantage
▪ Slow speed
▪ Washing and bleaching of fibres are needed
▪ Toxic
Difference between melt wet and dry spinning
Topic Melt spinning Dry spinning Wet spinning
Production fibre Filament & staple Only filament Filament & staple
type
productivity high high low
Investment cost low high low
solvent Not required Only volatile organic Both organic &
solvent inorganic
Environmental Non toxic toxic toxic
hazard
heat high Very high low
Spinning speed 2500-3000 ft/min 2500-3000 ft/min 250-300 fit/min
Spinnerets hole 2000 300-900 20000-75000
Example/use Polyester, nylon, Acetate, triacetate, Rayon, aramid
olefin, glass fibre acrylic, mod acrylic, ,spandex etc
spandex etc
