oRNULA

SHEET
CLASS-12
PHYSICS
 Formula Cheat Sheet
Electrfc charges k Fields
CLass Plential
12 Phystcs
due to
Coulomb's Loo
4rt,
bhfornly Chaged sphartDuiside Non Gonducting Sphae
for vacuum R
for medfan
Electrt ield Intensily
on the shell V=
eleche keld dae to pdt chone eR 4ntgR
Inside
q- Source harge KR

Test chawge Enery Sored n aCopatior [forcebetueen platu oCapacior

Elecit fus Gousis Los F Common Potenial
for unifom electt fed -Nee chage enclagad 2A&,v=ta= CytGYa
Eneryy loss
for non- unform Dpoie momert (F) 2 (GtCa)
CurrentElectrdt Cumnt dendiy
4for a closed surfoce. # d'pole placed fn U-EF Electre Curut inslanlaneousd
Torque T Pxe cOeg)(-g Carent
Elechc held due to dfpole pNel force -o
<oHork done fn rotation o dpole
PDritt Vdociy Mobility Ressirty eOhm's law
At an axal polnt V=iR R= PA
E2KP m ml E
4 Elecostatt potenhal njy
On the e°odal lhe Relation blo ls va Relolon tlo JST EMF o a Cell

lineor
Charge densiy
SArjocE Volume
Ane Elednic
"Al ang genekal pont Enorgy EV+Ir
Terminal enlal dif
#6f dut to inlinie). ch V=E-tr
D to Charged Conduchng Sohere Shet a Charge E
EFdx lo infinte, E #inciple Wheat sBone
lng Chaged air #lenp. toelfcient
=R-Re
+inciple polenlioneter R.(T-T)

Electric Potential 8 Copocitance nciple Meler bldge #Combinalion &fdenlica cells

Elechnc olenial V & LPoleigl Aalaly R= L(nth bie)
R+nr
4nt ulo dipe Equeleial vo S lo0-4,
Porallel (- mE
Elednic folenial ony point v= Puoce Joule's Law mR+r
H=lRt Jule t- mn
Relalion belaueen Es Capacitance HiRt Caloies mRtn
Sees onblnafon Faallel Can 418
Er- or ye-(E-dr
Capaclance 6 Pornlel Plate Capocito Sphel ag§
Air filed hrhol iled uth didecdic
Moving Charges and Magnetism
b-4 Hognelic force V
-t( (K8)
Complte iled iled vothMeal Capoonce of fsoloied b-a Pith CP) =2amVCoK®
Sphere LB
Molon &Chage in OhifomTansPer Mognett fied. 8-MH Gqauss's law for Magnelism
. Tine period T
Radss 6 Gruar path al ata
Magrehit force on a tument elenens
ra my P= zmk =2may Canging Conductor
48 48 4P Magnetic field ata pint due to magnetic difpcdle
Fi(t6) B A 2Mr
Biot Savart's law
dB= Me tdlsine a ircuiar Coil or 21
4 4cr3

OForce blw two Cuent LMF ata point on B=4, 2Nia MogneicElechomagnehic
Fiuz Induction
Molonal mf
the aris oj unrent for rod Rod Rolaling For Disc
paralilel straight Carging ol = BAcose
ducfor * Ampere's Circuital lauw Tnduced enf
E= -do E= Bvlsin®
2
#Magnel field due to an infinitey long stnalgat luire ol C Generator
adías 'a, Carying Current a a pofnt R R
E=E,sinaot NBAO
B= rca B=u,i ra B= l4al a Irductance F hduced in the col , = -Ld!
dt
2ra Coelficient sef fnduction
self induconce of a long solenold
Toqut
placed onin aaCuneat
unilormCanyjmagnel'
im Calc Moving Coil Galvanomeler L dil dt
field T-NIAB sin9 Mutual Inductance
M=N2,- -¬,: -Ê Coelficient 6
orT MBsine uohere G: t alangmgler k= M

C6ualvanometer Conversion
into Amneter
NHB Cosas
+into Voltmeter CouptngJ44
Mutual fnductonce of tuo long Solendids ufect Coupling
Kl MJh
R..
Combination o fnductors Magnetie Enengy
Sries 4,tl,tls In fnducYor U=L
2
faralel Lp Lls- M
Sengitivity Ljtl, +2M
Cuneat Sensitividy o voltoge Sensitivitg ifcoils are far Qway
y= NAB then M-0, So Magpeic tnuy densihy
IR KR
Magnelk fed de to a Cament Cairying Sobnold 24,
Induced Electric iekd Tnduced chorge flouw
Magnetism & Matter dt dt
* Bar Magnet as an Equivaient Solenold.
B= l,2m where m= magnelc moment AHernating Curent
4rr3 4alenold m= nl2ut(a') lternating Curent RS Nalue o Cunent sVltage
Potenlial Enegy 6t Curie's low 0=Sinot
Magnelic dipole ’ for dia T Alkernating voltage
V= V, Sinat
U=-M8COSO for faramagneltc
Reactance Mean value of Current &Voltage
I=M for femomognehc
Series LCR Circuit I is Same for R, -RAY OPTICS
L
L8C
then
Mior fomla Relractive Îrdex Sind
SBnr
lor Miror for Lens for Prism
I-I, singot-) mafmiticafon
EE, sinwt yeV then m=I=y u= Sin(4tsn)|
for mirror Sin (N)
Power in ac CicuitResonont then
Senes z=R
LCR Crute m=
Pav= Ems Ims Cos X-
I= Maximm
4=1-!
luns Makeslomla fV u S-(u-)A
Relraclion ot spherical Surfaces
Resonant frequency Real &apparet deplh
Power factor, ca,= focor R un real depth
fower lens Combinatibn 6 Lenses opanatd'
Cos - R/z P=l lool P-dPAlf dro
4-Transformer ralio # Skep-up Transformer Poslhion NO-OF
-Ns k Simple Mlcroscope of Objectmages
Np
Telescope
M=fo=ßaeven anyahe h
s
n= ouBput Power =Eg slep doon Fransfomer M= D/F a
fe odd Symaetnc h
input Pouer ,48NNy Conpound Mcossope 2Symnetee n

M=m,x mle ronomicol Teleuoge Teresial lelecupe

Alternating Vottoge Applied to
Resistor only Capacitor Lnductor only
E-t,sinwt E-6finat Er¬,cinwt imaye at
I,Sinwt
EM Waves -WAVE OPTICS
Displacement Current MOxwel's equat1ons Tnteference o ight
#Gusss Law for clechrostatcs R-la+B+2abcas$ I; 4t5t 247,+, cost
dt
EM Waves #Gauss's Lauw for Magnehsn at = ,3nSr..
E,sin CkZ*wt)
8 B, sin (Ka twt) # Faradoys low f EMI for I=I,-L YDSE
*eM Nove propagating
aorng +x direckon =4I,0snA 2d d
c= Erm # Maxwell- Ampere's Circuital Low PD -nà rght n-2
Brms

E CB. * IntenstyC) I" Aireax

Ener Time Difrocion due to asingle s
# momentum (P) Conditon for nsecondary noximan Fieshel dstance
C 3XIo mls Pay Complelely Rodialon hesaneRD=
absorbing
asina, (an+04 ne2,4...
eCondition or nth secondory mhinum
RD= 0sine,= nà na2,3,---.
Sefee udih of entral mainum

Energy density #Angular frnge toidtn # Angular finge woidth secondary

 Dual Nature ot Rodtation ond Matter NUclei
# Work funcion W= h he ONudear Radius Nuclear denstry
R=RoA J= mass ot nudeus
volume ot nudeus
# Energy o Photon E* h he OMass - defect
#Momenlum
Moving mass ¢phalon m=E-h
am-Kzn,t (a-Z)mj mE]
*hunber of pholons emited per seond of Freq uency "Bnding Energy
9 rom a lamp BE Amc
mv BE BE/A ( Binding enoyy puJ
Ngcieons
h hc
#de- Broglte uauelength k=gas
molecle
Boltzman
or a= h k=kineic
For
Constont Semiconducor Devices
energy
or
J2mk
h
Total Current through the pure
seniconducor
ATOMS
#No of alpha partcles
Scattered per unit area. Potenlal energy o the e " Elecirical Conductaty n semt conducor
q= -21:2z eV
n
Sincej2) Total énergy of e
# Impoct Para meter
b= zecot lO2) E36zeV K-E
SIC moeitly
=2E,-2k
K=kinelt enexgy oxequency of elecron în the nth
Z" atomtc Nunber
#Dstance of closest approoch zemtx
(trk,)H n
OHavelength of xadtation fn the
#BOHR'S MODEL trarshion from nn
engular momentum of
Le nh or mvr= nh l
ONunber of spectral Lines due to
ofrequency ot rodaton transtton o efrom n orbit to
louwer orbit is
N= nCn-)
oBoht's formuloe)
Rodfus of n orblt #Tonizalion ênexgy 3 eV
,=tre- 53
# Ioi zaton 36z' V
velocity of e
tné, nh n

o kineic enexgy