Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

It is a variety of technologies that facilitate communications, ICT is often used to

describe the convergence of several technologies, and the use of common transmission
lines and communication formats to transfer diverse data types.devices.

The Function of ICT

The rapid growth in Information Communication and Technologies (ICT) has brought
remarkable changes in the twenty-first century, as well as affected the demands of
modern sociaties ICT is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives and our
educational system. Therefore there is a growing demand for educational institutions to
Mae ICT to teach the skills and d knowledge studenta need for the ata century Realizing
the effect of ICT on the workplace and everyday life, today’s educational institutions try
to restructure their educational curricula and classroom facilities, in order to bridge the
existing technology gap in teaching and learning This restructuring process requires the
effective adoption of technologies Into the existing environment in promote meaningful
learning, and order to provide learners with knowledge of specific subject areas. T
knowledge 3 to enhance professional productivity (Tomal, 2005) Into the

Subsequently, the proliferation of the Internet and mobile phones has provided a
powerful channe to widen the reach of education in children and adolescents. In
developed countries, over 90% of children and adolescents have had access to the
internet at school at thome. More importantly, they perceived the Internet as their
primary resource for seeking various sets of information.

The relevance of ICT and how does it contribute to society

In modern society, ICT is ever-present, with over three billion people having access to the
internet. With approximately 8 out of 10 Internet users owning a smartphone,
information and data are increasing by leaps and bounds. This rapid growth, especially in
developing countries has led ICT to become a keystone of everyday life, in which life
without some facet of technology renders most of clerical, work, and routine tasks
dysfunctional. The most recent authoritative data, released in 2014, shows that Internet
use continues to grow steadily, at 8.6% globally in 2014 (3.3% in developed countries,
8.7% in the developing world), the number of internet users in developing countries has
doubled in five years (2009-2014), with two-thirds of all people online now living in the
developing world.

What are the six components of an ICT system and what do they mean?

PHSDIP

People – are needed to supply the data to the ICT system and also to make judgements
and decisions from the output supplied from the system.

Hardware – these are the physical components that make up the ICT system. If you can
touch it, then it is hardware. Hardware includes input devices (keyboards, mouse,
scanner etc.), storage (memory, hard drive, etc.) the processor and the output devices
(screen, printer, plotter, etc.). Also included in the hardware are the communication
devices needed to send data across networks.

Software – these are the computer programs which provided the step-by-step
instructions to get the job done.

Data – is the raw material of any ICT system and this is processed by the system to
provide the information which is the output produced by the system.
Information – the results from processing data. Information is the output from an ICT
system.

Procedures- These are series of actions conducted in a specific order to make sure that
the system runs smoothly. It determines what needs to be done.

RELEVANCE AND NATURE OF ICT

ICT is a broad context to understand, it has brought a boarder understanding of its use
for socio-economic and educational development.

Among its use includes access to information, transformation, storage and retrieval of
information, collaboration, use of different applications, development of newer ICT
platforms, and an advocate for social change. In nature, it can be generally relevant for
the improvement of business and organizational transactions, learnability, and
communication.

ICT FOR BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONS

Business and organizations use ICT to:

1. Improve communication with suppliers and customers,

2. Improve organization’s responsiveness to new developments,
3. To keep up with competition
4. Improve Organization’s overall performance.

ICT FOR EDUCATION

It is the use of technology as a mental learningupports their learning and promotes

therent by ment of their leaming goals. Realizing the effect of ICT in the workplace and
everyday life, today’s educational institutions try to restructure thele students.
Educational curricula and classroom facilities, in order to bidge the existing technology
gap in teaching and learning

ICT FOR INDIVIDUAL

People use technology to gratify their information needs. Also. Individuals use ICT to
increase their social network and connections. While communication is essential to
humans, people use technology to maintain the proper relationship with their loved ones
and improve the way they make things work in their daily lives.

What is the difference between Data and Information?

Information gives the whole idea and has the complete thought. Data is part of the
Information that completes its logic and meaning. Data itself can’t stand alone because
it doesn’t give the whole understanding

1. Locationless Organizations – as the pandemic limits physical contact, the demand

for remote activities, such as work, increases. Interestingly, statistics show that
77% of workers say they’re more productive when working from home.(they will
dependently depend on technology)

2. Distributed Cloud – Latency is among the most significant barriers to moving some
workloads to the cloud. Many real-time IoT monitoring applications produce masses
of data, most of which are redundant.
 3. Internet of behaviors – Among the technology trends in 2022 businesses should
prepare for is the internet of behavior, a new branch of the internet of things.

4. Cybersecurity – Currently, more and more employees are accessing resources from
remote locations using their devices. Without the necessary tools nor skills to
secure their devices, cyberattacks become highly possible.

5. Increase in Demand for Certifications – Now that remote work is mainstream,

certifications have become more imperative. Many IT professionals are currently
accessing cloud infrastructure remotely.

6. No Code / Low Code – Low code, a visual approach to software development,

requires little to no coding in building applications and processes. A low-code
development platform utilizes visual interfaces with simple logic and drag-and-drop
features instead of extensive coding languages.

7. Artificial Intelligence – is now starting to see implementation on a larger scale.

Several Al vendors are expanding their reach and exploring opportunities in the
Asia Pacific region due to the rapid digital transformation of its member countries.

8. BAR/VR-Augmented Fleality (AR) is another entry point to artificial experiences that

Indioiduals now have access to. According to Grand View Research, the global AR
market size was estimated at LSD 17.67 billion in 2020 and is seen to grow to USD
340.16 billion in 2028.

9. Blockchain- The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation drive in

many areas, especially via blockchain or distributed ledger technology, Businesses
across all industries have shown a growing interest in adopting blockchain
technology for enhancing their business processes.

10. Hyper-automation organizations are transitioning from a process-based set of

automation technologies to a more connected and holistic automation strategy.
Thus, vendors develop integrated offerings that combine technologies like RPA,
LCAP, and business process management into one complete packaged tool.

IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN PHILIPPINE SOCIETY

 Archipelagic country improves connectivity: there was the ultimate belief that ICT
usage will make each country to become part of the global trend, Web 3.0.
 Improve productivity and efficiency; the most appropriate technologies were seen
as the ones that enabled the communities and organizations to communicate more
efficiently

ICT FUNCTIONS

1. Government and governance- there was the belief that ICTs help to monitor crime
in society.
2. Education- among university academics, ICTs help them reach out to colleagues in
other parts of the world and keep them up to date with developments in their
disciplines.
3. Economy-here was a firm belief in ICT ability to increase the ease and speed of
social communication and at the same time obviate the problem of transportation
and can solve socio-economic problems.
 4. Employment- instantaneous availability of data for possible career opportunities
through ICTs.
5. Industries- ICTs were generally seen as the basic tool for survival in the next
century.
6. Small business-ICTs were seen to enhance efficiency in the workplace.

CURRENT TRENDS IN ICT (ONLINE SYSTEMS)

1. Use of interactive learning

2. Online banking
3. Online shopping, advertising, and selling
4. Networking
5. Gaming
6. Communicating
7. Learning
8. Entertainment
9. Sharing and Displaying

CURRENT TRENDS IN ICT DEVICES

1. Interactive whiteboards
2. Computer software including mind mapping tools (inspiration) and visualization
(google earth). As well as this – internet which allows for all ICT current trends
(blogs, email).
3. Mobile phones (calling and texting)
4. Smartphones (video, internet, email, calling, texting, camera)
5. Gaming consoles (PlayStation, Gameboy, Wii)
6. Digital and video cameras with printers or display units such as digital photo
frames.
7. Televisions
8. iPod and iPad
9. Digital keyboards, drawing tablets
10. USB flash disks
11. Internet facilities

Online Systems – these systems are the real-time system that receives and process
transactions.

Online System Functions

Social Networking websites

➤ increases your social connection and establishes a social network from a diverse type
of people.

Examples

 Facebook
 YouTube
 WhatsApp
 Instagram
  TikTok
 Tumblr
 Twitter
 Pinterest
 Reddit
 Snapchat

Search engine websites

➤ provides all possible online sources of information.

Examples

 Google
 Yahoo
 Bing
 Baidu
 DuckDuckGo

Online storage

➤ provides online storage and repository of important files which can be accessed online.

Examples

 Dropbox
 OneDrive
 Google Drive

Collaborative tools and web applications

➤ allow online collaboration on document content among team members, especially if

the work requires intensive assessment among members.

Examples

 Google Apps( google docs, spreadsheet, slides)

 Prezi
 Office 365
 Flowdock
 Slack

What is ethics?

Ethics are a system of moral principles or rules that say what is and is not acceptable. It
came from the Greek word ‘ethos’, which means “custom”, “habit”, and “way of living”.

COMPUTER ETHICS

Computer ethics it is a set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers.

IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER ETHICS

Computer ethics is a theory of practical philosophy that takes a look at what developers
and users can do with computer, contrasted to what they should it also analyzes the
moral and social acceptability of actions that happen strictly online, but can also have
offline consequence

Simply put, computer ethics are nothing but how we use our personal morals and ethics
while using the computer for various purposes. With issues like software piracy,
pornography. Spamming, unauthorized access to somebody else’s computer, and
hacking, it has become important to know the importance of following computer ethics
to be able to create a safe- computer-based environment.

Computer ethics are very important for us to live comfortably and in peace, as they
ensure the privacy and safety of the computer users, helps people use the computer in
the right way, and guarantee that the works that done by someone did not declare by
other people, hence we must do our part as computer users, obey all the computer
ethics.

ETHICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE USE OF COMPUTERS

1. Privacy
 Computers create a false sense of security
 People do not realize how vulnerable information stored on computers are
2. Property
 Physical property
 Intellectual property
 Data as property
3. Access
 Access to computing technology
 Access to data
4. Accuracy
 Accuracy of information stored
5. Hacking, cracking and virus creation
6. Software piracy

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF COMPUTER ETHICS (From Computer Ethics Institute)

1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.

2. Thou shalt not interfere with other people’s computer work.
3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s files
4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not paid
7. Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without authorization
8. Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual output
9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you write.
10. Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect.

INFORMATION SECURITY

What is a computer virus? Computer viruses is a kind of malicious computer program,

which when executed, replicates itself and inserts its own code. When the replication is
done, this code infects the other files and program present on your system.
Spreading of Virus

 Through E-mail Attachments, Instant Messaging messages, Funny Images. Audio

and Video files
 Downloading files from Internet, Greeting cards, and many more.

Steps to help avoid Viruses

1. Use an Internet firewall

2. Subscribe to industry standard antivirus software
3. Never open an e-mail attachment from someone you don’t know
4. Scan each and every attachment
5. Read and understand the rules to be followed while surfing the net.

HACKER

Is a person who breaks into a computer system. The reasons for hacking can be many
installing malware, stealing or destroying data, disrupting service, and more.

TACTICS USED IN HACKING

1. Access confidential information

2. Threaten someone from your computer
3. Broadcast your confidential letters or materials.
4. Store illegal material

What Act in the Philippines that constitutes the offenses against the confidentiality,
integrity and availability of computer data and systems?

 Republic Act No. 10175 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 -The State
recognizes the vital role of information and communications industries such
as content production telecommunications, broadcasting electronic
commerce, and data processing, in the nation’s overall social and economic
development

Software is a non-tangible aspect of a computer that is necessary for it to perform any

function.

It may be:

1. Programs that instruct the computer what to do,

2. Configuration files where important system information is stored, and
3. User files that hold the result of the computer functions.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE

A.SYSTEM SOFTWARE
  It refers to the low-level software that manages and controls a computer’s
hardware and provides basic services to higher-level software.

Example:

• Operating systems (OS): Windows, Linux, macOS, etc.

• Device drivers: software that enables the communication between hardware
and OS.

B. APPLICATION SOFTWARE

 Application software is a type of computer program that performs specific

furictions. These functions, performed by application software, can be personal,
business as well as educational, Thus, application Software is also known as end-
user software or productivity software.

Example:

 Microsoft products such as Office, PowerPoint, Word, Excel, Outlook, etc.

 Music Application Software like Pandora and Spotify
 Real-time online communication like Skype, Google Meet, and Zoom
 Team collaboration software like Slack
 Internet browsers like Chrome, Safari, and Firefox
 Multimedia Software like MX Player and VLC Media Player

APPLICATION SOFTWARE (PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS):

 Word Processor – is a software application capable of creating, storing, editing, and

printing documents (Ex LibreOffice Writer, Microsoft Word. Word Pad, etc.)
 Spreadsheet – is an interactive computer application program for organization,
computation, analysis, and storage of data in tabular form. (Ex. LibreOffice Calc,
Microsoft Excel, etc.)
 Presentation – is a software package used to display information in the form of a
slide show. It has three primary functions: an editor that allows text to be inserted
and formatted, a method for inserting and manipulating graphic images, and a
slide-show system to display the content. (ex. LibreOffice Impress. Microsoft
PowerPoint, Prezi, etc)

COMMON PARTS OF WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE

 Title Bar
 Menu Bar
 Standard Toolbar
 Formatting Toolbar
 Status Bar
 Rulers
 Work Area
 Scroll Bars
 Control Buttons
 List of All CTRL Shortcuts (A to Z)

Integrating or inserting pictures in your document is fun and improves the impression of
your document. It adds idea of your content and must easier for readers to understand
the topic. It gives the visualization that builds more connection, much easier to
remember and comprehend the details.

Kinds of Materials

There are various kinds of materials of word processors that is capable of integrating to
make your documents richer, impressive, and more informative.

1. Pictures
 Generally, these are electronic or digital pictures or photographs you have
saved in any local storage device. The three (3) commonly used types of
pictures are JPG/JPEG, GIF, and PNG.

A. JPG/JPEG
 This is pronounced as “jay-peg”. Its file extension is jpeg, stands for Joint
Photographic Experts Group. It is a digital image file format. It is a
compressed file format, which means that when creating a JPG image from
another uncompressed and/or lossless format, the JPG image file will exhibit
minor (or severe) loss of overall quality, depending on the compression
applied. The format itself includes the following file extensions: JPEG, JPG,
JFIF, and JPE. It is the most common format for storing and transmitting
photographic images on the internet, and the most common file format
captured by modern digital cameras
B.GIF
 This stands for Graphics Interchange Format. This type of image file is
capable of displaying transparencies. Therefore, it is good for blending with
other materials or elements in your document. It is also capable of displaying
simple animation. It can only support up to 256 colours so it is good mostly
on logos and art decors with very limited and generally solid colours. .GIF is
much better for drawings, text, logos, black and white images, or low-
resolution files.

C. PNG
 This stands for Portable Network Graphics. It is is a raster image file format
that uses lossless compression. This file format was created as a
replacement of Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and has no copyright
limitations. However, PNG file format does not support animations. PNG file
format supports lossless image compression that makes it popular among its
users. With the passage of time, PNG has evolved as one of the widely used
image file formats.

2. Clip art
 The word “clip art” (which is sometimes spelled “clipart” or “clip-art”)
originates from the analog days of graphic design. It is a type of graphic
design element based on illustrations rather than photos Clip art can be as
basic as a black-and-white line drawing or as complex as a realistic-looking,
fully shaded, vector file
 Is a type of image file, mostly vector images which are pre-made to illustrate
any subject or situation. ClipArt can be access through Insert Menu > Media
> Gallery
 This would open up the Gallery window in the right sidebar. There are 12
categories of ClipArt.
3. Shapes
  These are printable objects or materials that you can integrate in your
document to enhance its appearance or allow you to have some tools to use
for composing and representing ideas or messages. If you are designing the
layout for a poster or other graphic material for advertising, you might find
this useful.

4. Charts
 Represent data characteristics and trends. Used to illustrate and compare
data. This is quite useful for report presentation that correlate and present
data in a graphical manner. It can be integrated in your document either
directly in your word processor or imported from external files like Microsoft
excel or LibreOffice Calc. Can be accessed through Insert Menu > Chart.
5. Standard Toolbar
a. Wrap off
 With this option the text is placed above and below the image but not
to either side of it. This is the wrapping type used for most of the
figures in this guide.

b. Page Wrap
 Use this option if you want your image to be surrounded by the text
based on your image size.

c. Optimal Page Wrap

 Optimal Page Wrap prevents text from being placed to the side of the
image if the spacing between the image and the margin is less than 2
cm.

d. Wrap Left
 Use this option if you want your image to be on the right side and texts
on the left side.

e. Wrap Right
 Use this option if you want your image to be on the left side and texts
on the right side.

f. Wrap Through
 This option makes your image on top of your text and the text remains
in the back side of the image.

g. In background
 Use this option to send the image back side of your text and all texts
are passing in front of the image.

h. Edit Contour
 This customized wrap option gives you ability to reshape your image to
any shape so that the texts can wrap around it.

Text Wrap-adjusts how the image behaves around other objects or text

Header – a section of information that appears at the top margin of each page of a
document. Contains a combination of text and image/s that can be made to appear at
the top of each page when displayed or printed.

A. Footer – a section of information that appears at the bottom margin of each page
of a document.
 B. Watermark – is an image or text that appears behind the main text of the
document. It is usually a lighter shade than the text, so you can read the document
easily. Text Watermarks are often used to categorize or to show the purpose of a
document with words such as DRAFT. Picture Watermarks add visual attention and
a professional look with the use of imagery such as logos. A semi-transparent
string of text that appears behind the existing document content.
C. Page number – are numerals printed on each page to show the order of
progression through a document and to facilitate locating a particular chapter,
paragraph, or other section.
D. Hyperlink – it is used to navigate around a website, and hyperlinks can be used
within a document to make navigating around the document easier. Hyperlinks are
also called links as they link to other places.

 How to insert Header?

To insert Header on your document: Go to Insert menu > header and Footer>
header > Default

Style.

 How to insert Footer?

To insert Footer on your document: Go to Insert menu > header and Footer>
footer > Default

Style.

 How to insert Watermark?

To insert watermark on your LibreOffice Writer, go to Format Menu >

Watermark

 How to insert Page Number?

There are two ways to insert page number on your document:

1. Go to Insert menu > select Page number

2. Go to Insert menu > select Field > Select Page Number

Insertion point – is the blinking vertical short line found on your work area, waiting for
you to type in some text

 How to insert Hyperlink?

There are 2 ways to create hyperlink:

1. Click your image or object then use the shortcut key Ctrl + K.
2. Click your image or object > go to Insert menu > then select Hyperlink

URL – Uniform Resource Locator

1. COLUMNS - it is a vertical alignment of cells. Each column has its unique address,
which is labeled as an alphabet (from A to XFD). And there are more than one million
cells in a single column and there are a total of 16384 columns that you have in a single
worksheet.

2. ROWS - it is a horizontal alignment of cells and it runs from left to right across the
worksheet Each row is identified by the unique number on its left side from where it
started The total number of rows you have in a single sheet is 1,048,576

3. ACTIVE CELL- it is simply a rectangular box that highlights the cell in a spreadsheet. It
helps us to identify the cell that we are currently working on, where data is being
entered. An active cell is also referred to as cell pointer, current cell or selected cell.

4. MERGING – it is the process of taking two or more groups of data and combining them
into a single unified set.

5. MERGING CELLS – it is a cell with one more cell that is combined into one cell. When
cells with multiple values are merged, the upper-left most cell will be the data of the
merged ceil

6. TEXT ORIENTATION - which allows text to be oriented 90 degrees in either direction up

or down.

7. WORKSHEET - it is a single page in a file created with an electronic spreadsheet

program such as Microsoft Excel, LibreOffice Calc or Google Sheets

8. WORKBOOK-it is the name given to an Excel file and contains one or more worksheets.

9. FORMULA BAR - it is the toolbar at the top of the spreadsheet that lets you enter or
view information in a cell. To use the formula bar to view information, click on a cell and
look at the formula bar to see what it written in it.

10. SHEET TABS-it is used to display the worksheet that a user is currently editing.

11. CELL-it holds individual element such as text, numbers, and formulas.

CTRL+1 is the shortcut key of Format cells.

CREATING BORDER ON CELL

Right click on active cell then select Format Cells > go to tab borders > select sides of
borders > select style and/or color > click OK

Or

Click on the cell > Ctrl+1 >go to tab borders > select sides of borders > select style
and/or color > click OK
ADDING BACKGROUND COLOR ON CELL

Select the cell>right click >select Format cells>On Format Cells dialog box, select tab
background > Then select “color” button > Choose your desired color > click OK

Or

Select the cell> CTRL+1 >go to tab background>select “color” button >choose desired
color> click OK

Calc - it is the LibreOffice spreadsheet module. Spreadsheets consist of several sheets,

containing colis which can be filled with elements like text, numbers, or formulas.

Spreadsheets - it consist of number of individual sheets; each sheet containing cells that
are arranged in rows and columns. Its row number and column letter identify a particular
cell

Cells - it hold the individual elements-text, numbers, formulas, and so on-that make up
the data to display and manipute. Each spreadsheet can have several sheets, and each
sheet can have many individual cells. In Calc, each sheet can have a maximum of
1,048,576 rows (65,536 rows in Calc 3.2 and earlier) and a maximum of 1024 columns.
LibreOffice Calc can hold up to 32,000 sheets.

Equals sign (=) - it is a symbol used to initiate a formula Mathematical Operators

Mathematical Operators

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division

Basic Functions

Sum

Average

Product

Quotient

Impress – it is the presentation (slide show) program included in LibreOffice. You can
create slides that contain many different elements, including text, bulleted and
numbered lists, tables, charts, and a wide range of graphic objects such as clipart,
drawings and photographs.

When you start Impress for the first time, the Presentation Wizard is shown. Here you can
choose from the following options:

1. Empty presentation, which gives you a blank document.

2. From template, which is a presentation designed with a template of your choice.
3. Open existing presentation.
 4. Click Create to open the main Impress windows.

Slides – are single page of presentation where all objectives and information are
displayed when played.

Slideshow- is a presentation of a series of still images on a projection screen or electronic

display device, typically in a prearranged sequence.

Custom Animation – is an animation effect used to animate pictures, graphics and charts,
and all other objects added into a slide.

Slide transition – are motion effects that occur in slideshow view when you move from
one slide to the next slide during a presentation.

To insert another slide, go to Slide pane and right the slide > select New slide. Or simply
use the short cut key Ctrl+M.

To change the slide background color

Right click the slide > Select “Properties” a dialog box will appear, select “Color” then a
color palette will appear, choose color you want > then click OK

To insert date

Go to Insert menu > select Field > Choose Date (Fixed)

How to insert Design on LibreOffice Impress slide?

There are two (2) ways to insert design on your slides:

1. As you open the Libre Office Impress, there will be a dialog box that will pop
up to ask you choose a template design. Select the design that you like then
click "OPEN".
2. If you haven’t selected a design template yet or choose to change design
template later, go to Master slides > scroll down and find “Available in use”>
select from the variety of design template just for you.

You can insert or change your slide layouts, for a convenient container of your content.
Select your slide> visit the properties > scroll down and find “Layouts”> Select the
layout that you need.

As you right click the slide, it provides you functions such as

1. New Slide-it allows you to add another empty slide.

2. Duplicate slide - it allows you to add another slide. Same as what you have
selected
3. Rename slide-Changing the name of your slide.
4. Hide slide - it is use to visually present for editing but hidden during the slideshow
5. Delete slide-it is use to remove slide

INSERTING AUDIO OR VIDEO

To insert audio or video in your slide, select the Insert menu > select “Insert audio or
video” > a dialog box will pop up> Select file you want to insert > select “open”

HYPERLINK
To create hyperlink drag some objects present in your galery then make connection with
the other slide Go to Gallery to drag some objects

ICT

-Information and Communication Technology

E-learning

-a type of online education, training, and knowledge sharing that is conducted over the
Internet and can be also accessed in web technology.

Information

-Refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research. Also,
information as meaning assigned to data within some context for the use of that data.

Communication

-The sending and receiving of information and can be one-on-one or between groups of
people, and can be face-to-face or through communication devices

Technology

-The application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is
sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.

Move Tool

-Adjust the position of your image

Four Operator type of Libre office Calc

-arithmetic, comparative, text, and reference.

How to apply a drop shadow effect in Photoshop

1. Open Photoshop and select the layer that needs the drop shadow.
2. Click the FX icon at the bottom of the Layers panel. Select Drop Shadow.
3. Customize your drop shadow by using the Layer Style dialog box. Select Structure
and quality effects for your shadow.
4. Click the OK button to apply changes.

Frame Style

-A simple, visual representation of how the final animation will look.

Page Styles
-Use mirror margins to set up facing pages for double-sided documents, such as books or
magazines. The margins of the left page are a mirror image of those on the right page.

Key features of ICT System

-digital, interconnected, interoperable, scalable, secure, user-friendly, adaptable, reliable,

efficient, and innovative.