Class 10 Science Model Question Solution.

Section A:

1. Multiple Choice Question:

a. Which of the following is first stage towards signal receiver?

i. Decoder ii. (Encoder)
iii. Demodulator iv. Modulator

Answer:iii Demodulator

b. Why is cycas kept in gymnosperm?

i.It bears flower and produces seed.

ii.It bears flower and has pointed leaf.
iii. It has cone instead of flower and seed is present inside fruit
iv. It has cone instead of flower and seed is naked

Answer: iv It has cone instead of flower and seed is naked

c. When Sanju observed specimen in the laboratory, she found that

both the organisms were long and cylindrical. She also found that
organism A has cylindrical segmented body and organism B has not
segmented body. By studying the above characteristics, which
statement is true for these organisms?
i. Organism A is hermaphrodite whereas organism B is unisexual
ii. Organism A is unisexual whereas organism B is hermaphrodite
iii. Organism A is diploblastic whereas organism B is triploblastic
iv. (Organism A is triploblastic whereas organism B is diploblastic
 Answer: i Organism A is unisexual organism B is hermaphrodite.
d. Cordyecep formed by the fusion of caterpillar and fungi is shown in
the figure. What is the interrelation between caterpillar and fungus in
this process?)
i. Symbiotic ii. Parasitic
iii.Saprotrophic iv. Commensalism

Answer: ii Parasitic

e. What would be the acceleration due to gravity of the meteor falling

from 10000 km height from the centre.
i. 4.2 m/s2 ii. 4.002 m/s2 iii. 4 m/s2 iv. 4.02 m/s2

Answer: ii 4.002m/s2
Hint:
M= 6× 1024kg
G= 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2Kg-2 (R+h) = 10000km= 107m

∴ g = GM/(R+h)2 = 4.002m/s2

f. Why do objects float more easily in sea water than in river?

i. Density of sea water is more than that of river.
ii. Density of sea water is less than that of river
iii. Temperature of sea water is more than that of river.
iv. Temperature of sea water is less than that of river.

Answer: i Density of sea water is more than river water

of speed in prism as 𝑣𝑟 , 𝑣𝑔, 𝑣𝑣 and 𝑣𝑏 respectively. Which is

g. Sarthak named red, green, violet and blue coloured ray in dispersion
i.𝑣𝑔 < 𝑣𝑏 > 𝑣𝑟 < 𝑣𝑣 ii. 𝑣𝑟 > 𝑣𝑦 > 𝑣𝑏 < 𝑣𝑣
correct order of speed made by him.)

iii.𝑣𝑔 < 𝑣𝑦 < 𝑣𝑟 > 𝑣𝑣 iv. 𝑣𝑟 < 𝑣𝑦 > 𝑣𝑟 < 𝑣𝑣

Answer: iii 𝑣𝑔 < 𝑣𝑦 < 𝑣𝑟 > 𝑣𝑣
h. Which is the most realistic theory about origin of the universe?)
i.Heliocentric theory ii. Geocentric theory
iii. Newton's theory iv. Big Bang theory

Answer: iv Big Bang Theory

i. What is denoted by X in the given reaction?

2KClO3 X 2KCl + 3O2↑

i. Catalyst ii. Heat iii. Pressure iv. Light

Answer: i Catalyst

j. A statement and two arguments are given below.

Statement: Stomach pesticide is a type of pesticide based on mode of
action.)
Argument 1: In this process the insects die when they eat leaves and
fruits of the plants treated by pesticides.)
Argument 2: When these pesticides come contact with air, poisonous
gas is released, due to which the insects die.

i. Statement and argument 2 is correct but argument 1 is incorrect

ii. Statement and argument 2 is incorrect but argument 1 is correct
iii. Statement and argument 1 is correct but argument 2 is incorrect)
iv.Statement and argument 1 is incorrect but argument 2 is correct

Answer: iii Statement and argument 1 is correct but argument 2 is

incorrect
 Section B:
2. Very Short Type Questions:

a. Why are controlled variables important?

Controlled variables are important to validate the experiment's
conclusions and to make the results reliable.

b. State Archimedes' principle.

Archimedes' principle states that, "When a body is partially or
wholly immersed in a liquid (fluid), it experiences an upthrust (or
apparent loss in weight) which is equal to the weight of the liquid
(fluid) displaced by it."

c. Anu cannot distinguish red and green colour. What is main cause of
this problem?
The main cause of this problem is heredity.

d. A student of the class can see letters written on instructional board

when s/he sits on first bench and cannot see clearly when s/he sits on
last bench. What type of lens is used to remove this defect?
Concave lenses should be used to remove this defect.

e. What happen when bar magnet is placed inside solenoid at rest?

The direction of movement of the galvanometer needle does not
change when bar magnet is placed inside the solenoid at rest.

f. What is the main cause of determination of future of universe?

 The effect of gravity on matter determines the shape of the
Universe, which then determines its future.

g. What is the main ore of iron?

The main ore of iron is hematite.

h. In the laboratory Pratik chose electro-refining process to purify copper

obtained from reduction process. He connected impure copper to negative
terminal of cell and pure copper to positive terminal of cell and copper
sulphate is used as electroplating. What is the mistake he made in this
process?

The mistake he made in this process is :

He connected impure copper to negative terminal of the cell and pure
copper to positive terminal of the cell but the correct connection is
opposite of the given.

i. Write a difference between the given hydrocarbons on the basis of

reactivity.

Fig. A ( Ethane ) Fig. B ( Ethene )

Hydrocarbon in Fig A is less active.

The Hydrocarbon in Fig B is more active.
 Section C :

Short Answer Type Questions:

3. Prove that electric resistance (Ω) = 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 𝑠 −3𝐴 −2.

According to ohm's law :

V= I × R
or, R = V / I
or, R = ( W / Q ) / I or, R = W / ( Q × I )
or, R = ( F × d ) / ( I × t × I )
or, R = ( m × a × d ) / ( t × I^2 )

∴ R = kg m2 s-3 A-2 Proved

or,R = ( kg × m × s-2 × m ) / ( s × I2 )

4. Write any two characteristics of the class amphibia.

The two characteristics of amphibians are:
i. Their skin becomes moist.
ii. Their body is divided into two parts, head and back.
5. Study the given concept map and name A and B.

 A = Male bee (Drone Bee), B= Female Bee ( Queen Bee )

6. Write any two differences between somatic chromosome and sex

chromosome.

The difference between somatic and sex chromosomes are:

i. Somatic chromosomes reveal all the properties of the body.

Sex chromosomes determine the gender of an organism

ii. A pair of somatic chromosomes have the same structure.

A pair of sex chromosomes have the different structure.

7. Draw a chart of the result obtained by crossing black mouse (BB) and
hybrid black mouse (Bb)

 8. White blood cell of Renu's blood is found 2500 after examining her blood.
What are the possible causes of this? Write any two causes.

 The possible causes of this are :

i. Viral Infection
ii. Bone marrow disorder / Auto immune disease.

9. Despite the medicinal herbs in our locality, we are dependent upon

imported medicines. Write its one cause and what can we do to increase the
use of medicinal herbs? Write a point.

Cause : Chemical drugs are cheap, easy to use .

Remedy : Aware the people about

the negative effect of chemical drugs and Encourage the people to
use medicinal herbs.

10. Write any two effects of gravity.

The two effects of gravity are :

i. Falling of an objects towards centre of the earth .
ii. Flowing of rivers from higher altitude to lower altitude
11. Kabin dropped a stone from a tower of 49 m high. One second later, he
threw another stone. They both hit the ground at the same time. Find out
the velocity with which he threw the second stone.

Given,
Height of tower (h) = 49m
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s2
1st Case :
Initial velocity of first stone (u1) = 0m/s
time taken by it to hit ground ( t1)= ?

We know that,
h = u1× t1 + ½ ×g× t12 or,49 = 0×t1 + ½ × 9.8 × t12
or, 49 = ½ × 9.8 × t12 or, 49 = 4.9 × t12

∴
or, t12 = 10
t1 = 3.16 sec

2nd case :
Time taken by 2nd stone to hit ground ( t2 )
= (t1 - 1) = (3.16 - 1) = 2.16 sec
Initial velocity of 2nd stone ( u2 ) = ?
We know that,
h = u2× t1 + ½ ×g× t12
or,49=u2 × 2.16 + ½ × 9.8×(2.16)2 or,49= u2 × 2.16 + 22.86
or, u2 × 2.16 = 49 - 22.86
or, u2 × 2.16 = 26.14 or, u2 = 26.14/2.16
∴. u2 = 12.10 m/s
Hence, the velocity with which he threw the 2nd stone is
12.10 m/s.
12. Study the given figure and answer the following questions
i. What type of transformer is shown in the figure?
ii. Why is this used in power station?


i. Step-up transformer is shown in the given figure.

ii. This type of transformer is used to transmit electricity through

overhead wires with high voltage.

13. Niva made the device as shown in figure but rate of rotation of coil is
found less. What should be done to increase rate of rotation of coil? Write
any two methods.

The methods to increase the rotation of the coil are:

i. The voltage should be increased.

ii. The magnetic strength should be increased.

14. Suppose equal volume of hydrochloric acid is kept in conical flask A,
B and C. If 10 g powder limestone is kept in A and C, and piece of 10 gram
limestone is kept in B, in which conical flask rate of chemical reaction is fast?
Write with reason.

The rate of chemical reaction of the conical flask C is higher than

A and B.

Reason:
The density and temperature of the solution is higher in C than in
conical flask A and B and the surface area of the reactants in Conical
flask C is also higher as reactants are in powder form. Compared to
other conical fluxes, the rate of collision of reactant molecules in
conical flux C is higher and when the rate of collision of molecules
is higher, the rate of chemical reaction is also higher.

15. The property and use of a hydrocarbon compound in the given table
below.
Property Use
Colourless and viscous fluid Used as sweetening agent in
a s with sweet taste. co confectionery.

i. Write down IUPAC name of that compound.

ii. Write the structural formula of compound formed by reaction between that
compound with plenty of hydrogen.


i. The IUPAC name of that compound is Propane-1,2,3-triol .
ii. The structural formula of compound formed by reacting between
that compound and plenty of hydrogen is given below:
 :
16. A part of opinion of Mr. Abhisekh Khadka published in The "My
Republica" on 28 April 2023 is given here- …………"In Nepal, the use of
calcium carbide to ripen fruits is prohibited under the Food Act of 1967.
Artificial ripening using chemicals such as calcium carbide can have
detrimental effects on human health, including poisoning and neurological
damage." Answer the following questions on the basis of this part.
i. Write an effect seen in human health except above mentioned by such
chemical.
ii. Write a process to ripening food by traditional method.)


i. The effects seen in human health are :
a. Itchy skin Red blisters on the skin.
b. Congestion in the lungs, etc.

ii. The process to ripe fruits by using traditional method is :

Using asura leaves wrapping in jute sack.
 Section D

Long Answer Type Questions:

17. A blog addressed at https://www.celebree.com/blog/resources/the-pros-

and-cons-oftechnology-in-education/ writes: "....... Technology has become
a foundational component in many areas of our daily lives, as well as our
children’s. Within the confines of the classroom and learning environment,
technology can be both beneficial and problematic for students. .............")
i.Which technology does the blog describe?)
ii. The technology mentioned in the blog also has disadvantage. Write any
two disadvantages.
iii.Mention any one use of AI in the technology mentioned above.


i. The blog describes digital technology.

ii. The two disadvantages of it are :

a. For people who are busy online, there is a change in the way
they interact with each other.
b. Crimes caused by social media affect personal, family and
social life.

iii. The one use of AI in the technology mentioned above is :

1.Intelligent Tuition / Virtual Learning Environment / Smart

Materials .
18. Read the newspaper article and answer the questions that follow.

i. Which sheep is Dolly identical to?

ii. In the text, part of the udder that was used is described as “a very small
piece”. From the article text you can work out what is meant by “a very
small piece”
iii. In the last sentence of the article it is stated that many governments have
already decided to forbid cloning of people by law. Two possible reasons
for this decision are mentioned below. Are these reasons scientific reasons?
Circle either “Yes” or “No” for each. (2)
Reasons Scientific?

Cloned people could be more sensitive to certain diseases than Yes/No

p normal people.
People should not take over the role of a Creator. Yes/No


 i. Dolly is jdentical to the sheep 1.
ii. " a very small piece" means cell .

iii. Yes to the first and No to the second.

19. Write any two symptoms of high blood pressure and any two preventive
measures.


The two symptoms of high blood pressure are :
a. Headache, shortness of breath.
b. Sweating, laziness ,etc

The two preventive measures are :

a. You should only eat less fatty foods and salt.
b. Do not smoke or drink alcohol.

20. (The relation between volume of water and temperature is shown in the
given graph. Study the graph and answer the following question.
i. (What is the special property of water shown in the picture called?
ii. Write the change that takes place in density of water on heating from 0 °C
to 100 °C.
iii.Write an effect of this special property of water.

i. The special property of water
shown in the picture is called anomalous expansion of water.
 ii. When water is heated from 0°C to 4°C, its density increases and
when it is heated from 4°C to 10°C, its density decreases. Water has
the highest density at 4 °C.

iii. The one effect of this special property of water is : a.water pipes
can burst in winter.

21. Answer the following questions.

i. Write any two differences between concave lens and convex lens
ii. Between air and glass, air is called rarer medium and glass is called denser
medium, why?


Convex Lens Concave lens
Convex lens is thicker at the center Concave lens is thinner at the center
Convex lens has positive power. Concave lens has negative power.
ii. The speed of light in air is higher (3x10^8 m/s) and the speed of
light in glass is lower (2 x 10^8 m/s). A medium in which the speed
of light is higher is called a denser medium and a medium in which
the speed of light is lower is called a denser medium.So, air is rarer
medium and glass is denser medium.
22. Answer the following questions on the basis of electronic
configuration of element A and B given below.
A = 1s2, 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6, 4s1
B = 1s2, 2s2, 2p4

i. In which group element A belongs in periodic table?

ii. (In which period element B belongs in periodic table?
iii.(Write down molecular formula of compound formed by
combination of A and B.
iv. Why is element B kept in p block of periodic table?


i. Element A belongs to group IA of the periodic table.

ii. Element B belongs to period 2nd of the periodic table.

iii. The molecular formula of compound formed by combination of

A and B element is K2O.

2K2 + O2 →2 K2O

iv. Element B is kept in the p block of the periodic table because its
last electron is in the p subcell.
23. Draw well labeled diagram of laboratory preparation of ammonia gas
and write down a method to test this gas in the gas jar.


Test of ammonia gas:

i. When a moist red litmus paper is inserted in the gas jar

containing ammonia, the litmus turns into blue because ammonia is
basic in nature.

NH3 + H2O → NH4OH

ii. Ammonia gas can be identified from its strong pungent odour.

iii. White fumes of Ammonium chloride (NH4CI) are formed when a

glass rod dipped in conc. Hydrochloric acid is kept in the gas jar
containing ammonia gas.
NH3 + conc. HCl → NH4Cl