Name: Girado, Jean Francis F.
Course: BSN 2-D
CASE SCENARIO#1: THE NURSING ROLE IN REPRODUCTIVE AND
SEXUAL HEALTH
1. Andrea was advised to use a new analgesic. She was also found to
have iron deficiency anemia and was asked to revisit in 1 month. Based
on this, which would be the priority nursing diagnosis for Andrea?
Answer: B - Pain related to uterine cramping from menstruation.
Rationale: “Dysmenorrhea” is the medical term for painful
menstrual periods. It happens because your uterus contracts to
shed its lining. The pain typically begins just before your period and
subsides after a few days.
Reference: Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.). Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual
cramps). Cleveland
Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4148-
dysmenorrhea
2. Andrea’s menstrual cycle is 30 days duration with menses for 7 days.
Based on this, you should teach Andrea which of the following?
Answer: A - Her pattern is normal for a late adolescent or young
adult female.
Rationale: The average menstrual cycle is about 25-30 days, but it
can be as short as 21 days or longer than 35 — it’s different from
person to person. The number of days in your cycle may also vary
from month to month. When you get your period, it’s normal to
bleed anywhere from 2 to 7 days.
Reference: Is my menstrual cycle normal? | Facts & Information.
(n.d.). Planned
Parenthood. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-
wellness/menstruation/how-do-i-know-if-my-menstrual-cycle-
normal#:~:text=The%20average%20menstrual%20cycle
%20is,from%202%20to%207%20days.
3. Andrea has a normal amount of menstrual flow. Excessive menstrual
bleeding is termed:
Answer: A - Menorrhagia.
Rationale: Menorrhagia is excessive menstrual bleeding or an
abnormally heavy menstrual flow, usually defined as greater than
80 mL per menses or a flow that soaks more than one pad.
Reference: Menorrhagia. (2024, July 18). Johns Hopkins
Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and
diseases/menorrhagia
4. Why is ibuprofen usually an effective drug to relieve menstrual pain?
Answer: C - It reduces inflammation as well as reducing pain.
Rationale: Ibuprofen is commonly used to reduce fever and to
treat pain and inflammation caused by several conditions, including
arthritis, menstrual cramps, headache, muscle pain, back pain, and
tooth pain.
Reference: Ibuprofen: Uses, side effects, interactions, pictures,
warnings & dosing - WebMD.
(n.d.). https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5166-9368/ibuprofen-
oral/ibuprofen-oral/details
5. Andrea tells you she might not be ovulating. Which of the following
could you tell her is the manifestation of ovulation?
Answer: A - Cervical mucus becomes thin and can be stretched
Rationale: Ovulation occurs when your ovary releases an egg. It
happens around the 14th day of a 28-day menstrual cycle.
Reference: Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-b). Ovulation. Cleveland
Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23439-
ovulation
6. Andrea asked you when will be her ovulation if her menstrual cycle is
30 days. What will be your best response?
Answer: C - You will have your ovulation on the 16th day prior to
your next menstrual cycle.
Rationale: The menstrual cycle is the monthly series of changes
the body goes through to prepare for pregnancy. Each month, one
of the ovaries releases an egg. This is called ovulation.
Reference: Menstrual cycle: What’s normal, what’s not. (2023,
April 22). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-
lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menstrual-cycle/art-20047186
7. Andrea was diagnosed as having a mild cystocele. This is:
Answer: A - An outpouching of the bladder into the vagina.
Rationale: Cystocele is when the wall between the bladder and
the vagina weakens. This can cause the bladder to drop or sag
into the vagina.
Reference: Cystocele. (2023, November 29). Johns Hopkins
Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-
and-diseases/cystocele#:~:text=A%20cystocele%20is%20when
%20the,pressure%20on%20the%20pelvic%20muscles.
8. Andrea asked if her boyfriend needs sildenafil (Viagra). This drug is
prescribed for what health problem?
Answer: B - Erectile dysfunction
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra) is used to treat male sexual
function problems. In combination with sexual stimulation,
sildenafil works by increasing blood flow to the penis to help a
man get and keep an erection.
Reference: Sildenafil oral: Uses, side effects, interactions,
pictures, warnings & dosing - WebMD.
(n.d.). https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-7418/sildenafil-oral/d
etails
9. Andrea is diagnosed as having an anteflexed uterus. You should
recognize what implication of this diagnosis?
Answer: B - The body of her uterus bends sharply forward.
Rationale: Your uterus is described as anteflexed when it's bent
forward. An anteflexed uterus generally has more of a tilt to it
than an anteverted position.
Reference: Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-a). Anteverted uterus.
Cleveland
Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22569-
anteverted-uterus
10. Andrea’s aunt was diagnosed as having arthritis. This will interfere
with:
Answer: A - Sexual relations.
Rationale: Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more
joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness,
which typically worsen with age.
Reference: Arthritis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic. (2023,
August 29). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772
11. Andrea said her boyfriend has somewhat enlarged breasts. His
health record would note the presence of:
Answer: A - Gynecomastia.
Rationale: Gynecomastia is an increase in the amount of breast
gland tissue in boys or men. An imbalance of the hormones
estrogen and testosterone causes it. Gynecomastia can affect one
or both breasts, sometimes unevenly.
Reference: Enlarged breasts in men (gynecomastia) - Symptoms
and causes - Mayo Clinic. (2023, October 26). Mayo
Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gynecomas
tia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351793#:~:text=Gynecomastia
%20(guy%2Dnuh%2Dkoh,or%20both%20breasts%2C
%20sometimes%20unevenly.
12. To obtain a sexual history on Andrea, what is the best question
you should begin with?
Answer: A - Are you sexually active?
Rationale: Sexual history is info about your sexual health and
sexual experiences. This could include how many times you’ve
had sex, how many people you’ve had sex with, any sexually
transmitted infection (STI) you’ve had, and whether or not it was
treated.
Reference: Sharing your sexual history. (2024, May 20). Sex |
ReachOut
Australia. https://au.reachout.com/relationships/sex/communicati
ng-sexual-history
13. Andrea is worried she won’t be able to breastfeed because her
breasts are small. Your best advice to her would be:
Answer: B - “The size of breasts does not greatly affect
breastfeeding success.”
Rationale: Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a mother's
breast milk to her infant, either directly from the breast or by
expressing the milk from the breast and bottle-feeding it to the
infant.
Reference: About breastfeeding and breast milk. (2017, January
31).
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topi
cs/breastfeeding/conditioninfo#:~:text=Breastfeeding%2C
%20also%20called%20nursing%2C%20is,feeding%20it%20to
%20the%20infant.
14. Suppose Andrea asks you which are her fertile days during a
menstrual cycle. You would explain to her that ovulation generally
occurs at what time?
Answer: D - Fourteen days before the end of the cycle
Rationale: During days 10 to 14 of the cycle, only one of the
developing follicles forms a fully mature egg. Around day 14 in
the menstrual cycle, a sudden surge in LH causes the ovary to
release this egg.
Reference: Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-d). Ovulation. Cleveland
Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23439-
ovulation
15. You try to locate Andrea’s uterus by abdominal palpation. The
uterus is normally shaped like:
Answer: A - A pear
Rationale: The hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis.
The uterus is where a fetus (unborn baby) develops and grows.
Also called womb.
Reference: NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. (n.d.).
Cancer.gov. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/can
cer-terms/def/uterus
16. Andrea’s boyfriend recently had a bladder infection. She asked
you if this could have interfered with sperm production. You would
explain sperm are produced in the:
Answer: B - Testes seminiferous cells.
Rationale: Testes seminiferous cells play a role in the
production of sperms.
Reference: Byju’s. (2022, July 4). What is the role of the
seminiferous tubules- Get the answer at BYJU-S
NEET. https://byjus.com/question-answer/what-is-the-role-of-the-
seminiferous-tubules/
17. Andrea said that she did experience any orgasm. What
physiologic changes will occur during an orgasm?
Answer: C - Vigorous contractions of muscles in the female
pelvic area and ejaculatory contractions for the male
Rationale: An orgasm is the height or peak of sexual arousal
when the body releases sexual tension and pressure. It involves
very intense feelings of pleasure in your genitals and throughout
your body.
Reference: Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-c). Orgasm. Cleveland
Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22969-
orgasm
18. Andrea states she hopes she’ll have early menopause. What will
happen to the ovarian function during menopause?
Answer: A - The time when a woman no longer has menstrual
cycles and the production of ova stops.
Rationale: Menopause is when periods stop for good. It's
diagnosed after 12 months without a menstrual period, vaginal
bleeding or spotting. Menopause can happen in the 40s or 50s.
Reference: Menopause - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic.
(2024, August 7). Mayo
Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopaus
e/symptoms-causes/syc-20353397
CORRECT ORDER QUESTION:
Direction: Arrange in proper order. There’s no need to rationalize
and write the reference.
19. Order the usual stages of a sexual response.
A. Plateau
B. Excitement
C. Resolution
D. Orgasm
Answer: B, A, D, C
