nucleos no

hace falta

ORIGIN OF THE
TRIGEMINAL NERVE

ORIGIN OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE

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 TRIGEMINAL,
SEMILUNAR OR

2
3
TRIGEMINAL NERVE: OPHTALMIC BRANCH (V1): intracranially it gets the tentorial nerve inervalasmeninges
(meninges). All the rest of its branches enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure µ y a
LACRIMAL NERVE (outside the common tendinous ring / annulus of Zinn)
- It gets autonomic fibres of superior salivatory nucleus via zygomaticotemporal nerve. 2 cuatri
- It innervates lacrimal gland, the near conjunctiva and part of the skin of the superior eyelid.

FRONTAL NERVE (outside the common tendinous ring / annulus

he
agoofyZinn) pena
- Supratrochlear nerve. Innervates parts of conjunctiva, superior eyelid and skin of forehead.
- Supraorbital nerve. It passes through the supraorbital foramen. It innervates part of the
conjunctiva and the upper eyelid, the frontal sinus and a great portion of scalp.

NASOCILIARY NERVE (through the common tendinous ring / annulus of Zinn)

- Long and short ciliary nerves. They connect with the ciliary ganglion (long ciliary nerves
and communicating branches to the ciliary ganglion + short ciliary nerves: sensitive +
autonomic innervation of the eye)
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve. It goes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen into the
ethmoidal cells, and then enters the intracranial cavity close to the lamina cribrosa. From llega a la lámina
there, it goes into the nasal cavity, and innervates part of its lateral and medial walls. cribosa y entraen
ino
- Posterior ethmoidal nerve. Crosses posterior ethmoidal foramen, to innervate sphenoidal el paracráneo
sinus and part of the ethmoidal cells. With meningeal branches near lamina cribrosa. meninges crane del
luego va
ynasales a los
- Infratrochlear nerve. It innervates the skin of the medial portion of the eyelids, the lacrimal
sac and the lateral portion of the nose.

V1: OPHTALMIC NERVE

lámina
inervanla
papilácea

directos alojo

deganglio al
ojo

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 V1: OPHTALMIC NERVE

todolotrocear medial

V1: OPHTALMIC
NERVE
central

lateral

foramenes
pasan por los
Amoidales anterior y posterior

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 SUPERIOR
ORBITAL
FISSURE

SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

Anillode Zinn

fueradel
anillo

dentro

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 INNERVATION OF THE NASAL CAVITY

TRIGEMINAL NERVE: MAXILLARY BRANCH (V2)

It gets meningeal branches, and crosses the foramen rotundum towards the pterygopalatine fossa. From the
fossa, its branches carry autonomic fibers of the pterygopalatine ganglion.

ZYGOMATIC NERVE: it enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure.
emplealasien - Zygomaticotemporal nerve. It crosses through the zygomatic bone and enters the temporal fossa. It
innervates the skin of the temple. It carries autonomic fibres to the lacrimal nerve.
- Zygomaticofacial nerve. It crosses through the zygomatic bone, innervating the prominence of the cheek.

losdientes
eroalveolarde POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR (DENTAL) NERVE: it joins the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine
fossa, through the pterigomaxillary fissure. It perforates the maxilla, innervating maxillary sinus + superior molars.
INFRAORBITAL NERVE (terminal branch): it enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure. It runs along the
infraorbital groove, canal and foramen. It innervates lateral portion of nose, inferior eyelid, cheek + upper lip.
- Middle superior alveolar (dental) nerve. Variable. It joins the infraorbital nerve as it runs in the infraorbital
groove, and innervates the upper premolar teeth.
- Anterior superior alveolar (dental) nerve. It joins the infraorbital nerve in its canal and supplies the superior
incisor and canine teeth. It gives off a nasal branch, which passes through a minute canal in the lateral wall of the
nasal cavity to supply anterior areas of the walls of the nasal cavity.

PALATINE NERVES: through greater palatine duct. With autonomic + gustatory fibres (supratympanic pathway)
- Greater palatine nerve. Inside the greater palatine duct, gets branches from the posterolateral portion of the
nasal cavity (the three conchae). It crosses the greater palatine foramen. It supplies the gums and the mucosa
and glands of the hard palate, excepting its most anterior portion.
- Lesser palatine nerve. It crosses the lesser palatine foramen. It supplies the soft palate.

NASOPALATINE NERVE: through the sphenopalatine foramen. It follows and innervates the nasal septum
down to the incisive canal, through which it passes to the most anterior portion of the hard palate.

PHARYNGEAL NERVE: it joins the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa. It comes from the palatovaginal
canal, to innervate the mucosa of the nasopharynx.

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 V2: MAXILLARY NERVE

V2: MAXILLARY
NERVE

8
V2: MAXILLARY
NERVE IN THE
PTERYGO-
PALATINE
FOSSA

ÉI É nasofaringe

iEsa
media

crane l
ii

INNERVATION OF THE UPPER TEETH

Teeth Gums

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 TEETH INERVATION

PALATINE
Ei
BRANCHES OF THE
MAXILLARY NERVE
Einar
bajadenasales
fosas

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TRIGEMINAL NERVE: MANDIBULAR BRANCH (V3)
It carries sensory and motor fibres (masticatory muscles). After crossing the foramen ovale, it gets the recurrent
meningeal nerve and sends the nerve to medial pterygoid (which in turn provides the nerve to tensor veli el
por
espinoso
palatini and the nerve to tensor tympani). Then it divides into an anterior trunk (with most of the motor
branches) and a posterior trunk (sensory, excepting the nerve to mylohyoid, which innervates mylohyoid and
anterior belly of the digastric muscles)
- RECURRENT MENINGEAL NERVE (nervus spinosus): it re-enters the intracranial cavity through the spinous
foramen with middle meningeal artery. Innervates dura mater of middle + anterior cranial fossae.
ANTERIOR TRUNK
- Motor branches: masseteric nerve, deep temporal nerves, nerve to lateral pterygoid
- Buccal nerve: It passes between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle, and innervates part of
the skin of the cheek, the oral mucosa and the gums.
POSTERIOR TRUNK
- Auriculotemporal nerve: near the trunk it separates into two roots which encircle the middle meningeal
artery, and then converge again in a single nerve. It gets anterior branches from the auricle, and
innervates also the external acoustic duct and tympanic membrane, the temporomandibular joint and the
skin of the temporal region. It carries parasympathetic fibres of the otic ganglion to the parotid gland.
- Lingual nerve: It passes between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. It innervates the anterior
2/3 of the tongue, the mucosa infero-lateral to the tongue at the floor of the mouth and the lingual side of
the gums of all the inferior teeth. It also carries the gustatory sensitivity of the chorda tympani nerve une el lingual al
(infratympanic pathway), and autonomic fibres to the submandibular and sublingual glands.
facial
sensibilidad
lengua
- Inferior alveolar (dental) nerve: It also crosses between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. Just trigémino
after leaving the mandibular duct it gives off the nerve to mylohyoid (motor). It follows the mandibular gustodecarengua
duct and innervates the inferior molars and premolars, until between both premolars it divides into facial
incisive nerve (terminal branch, follows the canal and innervates incisors and canines) and mental
nerve (leaves through the mental foramen, and innervates lower lip, chin and part of the gums)

V3: MANDIBULAR NERVE

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 BUCCAL, INFERIOR ALVEOLAR AND MENTAL NERVES

V3: MANDIBULAR NERVE

se
divide_
en rpara
queloatraviese
la a

v1

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 INNERVATION OF THE INFERIOR TEETH

Teeth Gums

INFRATEMPORAL
FOSSA

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INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
(detail)

LINGUAL NERVE

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 INNERVATION OF
THE TEMPORO-
MANDIBULAR
JOINT

MENINGEAL
INNERVATION

Ophtalmic nerve:
- recurrent meningeal branch (tentorial nerve)
- anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves
Maxillary nerve: meningeal branches
Mandibular nerve: recurrent meningeal branch
(nervus spinosus)

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 TERRITORIES OF
THE BRANCHES OF
THE TRIGEMINAL V1
NERVE

V2

V3

FUNCTIONS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE

Sensory innervation
of the nasal, lingual,
Sensory palatine and
innervation of nasopharyngeal
the face mucosae.
It also carries their
parasympathetic
innervation.

Motor innervation
of the masticatory
Gustatory sensitivity of
muscles
the two anterior thirds of
the tongue (fibres of the
chorda tympani nerve,
infratympanic pathway)
and the soft palate
(supratympanic
pathway)

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