1.
Lists - Append and Extend
# Adding elements using append() and extend()
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
numbers.append(5)
numbers.extend([6, 7])
print(numbers)
# Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
2. Lists - List Comprehension
# List comprehension to create a list of squares
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
print(squares)
# Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
3. Lists - Nested Lists
# Accessing elements in a nested list
matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
print(matrix[1][2])
# Output: 6
4. Lists - Slicing
# Slicing a list to get sublists
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date']
print(fruits[1:3])
# Output: ['banana', 'cherry']
5. Lists - Remove Duplicates
# Removing duplicates from a list
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 4]
unique_numbers = list(set(numbers))
print(unique_numbers)
# Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
6. Dictionaries - Key-Value Pairs
# Creating and accessing dictionary elements
student = {'name': 'John', 'age': 25, 'courses': ['Math', 'CS']}
print(student['name'])
print(student.get('phone', 'Not Found'))
# Output: John
# Output: Not Found
7. Dictionaries - Update and Delete
# Updating and deleting elements in a dictionary
student = {'name': 'John', 'age': 25, 'courses': ['Math', 'CS']}
student['phone'] = '555-5555'
del student['age']
print(student)
# Output: {'name': 'John', 'courses': ['Math', 'CS'], 'phone': '555-5555'}
8. Dictionaries - Looping Through a Dictionary
# Looping through keys and values in a dictionary
student = {'name': 'John', 'age': 25, 'courses': ['Math', 'CS']}
for key, value in student.items():
print(key, value)
# Output:
# name John
# age 25
# courses ['Math', 'CS']
9. Dictionaries - Nested Dictionaries
# Nested dictionaries example
university = {
'student1': {'name': 'John', 'age': 25},
'student2': {'name': 'Sara', 'age': 22}
print(university['student1']['name'])
# Output: John
10. Dictionaries - Default Values
# Using defaultdict to handle missing keys
from collections import defaultdict
student = defaultdict(lambda: 'Not Found', {'name': 'John', 'age': 25})
print(student['phone'])
# Output: Not Found
11. While Loop - Basic Example
# Basic while loop to print numbers
i=1
while i <= 5:
print(i)
i += 1
# Output:
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
12. While Loop - User Input
# While loop with user input
number = 0
while number >= 0:
number = int(input("Enter a number (negative to stop): "))
print(number)
# Output will depend on user input.
13. While Loop - Break and Continue
# Using break and continue in a while loop
i=0
while i < 10:
i += 1
if i % 2 == 0:
continue
if i == 7:
break
print(i)
# Output:
#1
#3
#5
14. While Loop - Factorial Calculation
# Calculate factorial using while loop
num = 5
factorial = 1
while num > 0:
factorial *= num
num -= 1
print(factorial)
# Output: 120
15. Lists and Dictionaries Together
# Combining lists and dictionaries
students = [
{'name': 'John', 'age': 25},
{'name': 'Sara', 'age': 22}
for student in students:
print(student['name'])
# Output:
# John
# Sara
16. Lists - Sorting with Key
# Sorting list of dictionaries using a key
students = [
{'name': 'John', 'age': 25},
{'name': 'Sara', 'age': 22}
students.sort(key=lambda x: x['age'])
print(students)
# Output: [{'name': 'Sara', 'age': 22}, {'name': 'John', 'age': 25}]
17. Dictionaries - Merge Two Dictionaries
# Merging two dictionaries
dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
merged_dict = {**dict1, **dict2}
print(merged_dict)
# Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
18. While Loop - Guessing Game
# Simple guessing game using while loop
secret_number = 7
guess = 0
while guess != secret_number:
guess = int(input("Guess the number: "))
if guess < secret_number:
print("Too low!")
elif guess > secret_number:
print("Too high!")
print("Congratulations! You guessed it.")
# Output will depend on user input.
19. While Loop - Sum of Digits
# Sum of digits of a number using while loop
num = 12345
sum_of_digits = 0
while num > 0:
digit = num % 10
sum_of_digits += digit
num //= 10
print(sum_of_digits)
# Output: 15
20. Lists - Filter Even Numbers
# Filtering even numbers from a list
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
even_numbers = [num for num in numbers if num % 2 == 0]
print(even_numbers)
# Output: [2, 4, 6]
