Do not write
outside the
Analysing Substances! ! ! ! ! 1 box
!1 A student was given three compounds in solution.
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!! Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3
! The student was told the names of the compounds, but not which was in which tube.
! The names of the compounds are:
! Lithium sulfate Potassium carbonate Sodium nitrate
! Describe the test that could be would identify each solution.
[8 marks]
! Lithium sulfate
! - mix it with 2 drops dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride solution
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
! -> if it forms a white precipitate sulphate ions are present
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! - mix a wire in the solution and place under a flame -> will go crimson
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! - if positive test for both, it is lithium sulphate
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!
Potassium carbonate
! - add………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 drops dilute hydrochloric acid -> bubbles of gas made
state the gas, 'bubbles of co2 gas)
! -> connect test-tube to another test-tube with limewater & bubble gas through -> cloudy = carbonate
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! - mix………………………………………………………………………………………………………
nichrome wire in solution and place under flame --> will go lilac flame if potassium
! - if both tests positive, it is potassium carbonate
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!
Sodium nitrate
! ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- mix nichrome wire in solution and place under flame -> will go yellow if na ions present
! - if positive test, it is sodium nitrate
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! ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
! ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
!
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Analysing Substances! ! ! ! ! 2 box
!2 Cleaning chemicals sometimes contain ammonia in solution.
The amount of ammonia in ammonia solution can be found by titration using nitric acid.
! 25.0 cm3 of ammonia solution is placed in a conical flask.
! Describe how the volume of dilute nitric acid required to neutralise this amount of
household ammonia can be found accurately by titration.
! Name any other apparatus and materials used.
[4 marks]
- place nitric acid in a burette
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
! - add phenepholyine indicator in the conical flask
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! - add few drops of nitric acid in ammonia solution and swirl under a white tile whilst swirling it
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! - continue adding and swirling until there is a colour change from clear to light pink
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! - record the volume of acid added to the flask from the burette at eye level
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! - that is the volume needed to neutralise the ammonia solution
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! other points:
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! - repeat for accuracy, add drop by drop in near end next attempts
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! -white tile
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! - read meniscus at eye level
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! ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
! ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2 (a) It was found that 25.0 cm3 of household ammonia was neutralised by 20.0 cm3 of dilute
nitric acid with a concentration of 0.25 moles per cubic decimetre.
! The balanced symbol equation which represents this reaction is
! NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → NH4NO3(aq)
! Calculate the concentration of the ammonia in this household ammonia in moles per
cubic decimetre.
[2 marks]
moles = conc x vol = 0.25 x 0.02 = 0.005
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………….
! conc = mol/ vol = 0.005/ 0.025 = 0.2
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………….
! ……………………………………………………………………….…………………………….
! 0.2 moles per cubic decimetre
Concentration = .............................
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