Question 1 (2 pts)
You conduct a left-tailed test for the mean at α=0.05 and find a critical value of -2 and a
standardized test statistic of -1.7. A friend says that you have proved the null hypothesis. What is
wrong your friend’s statement and what should they have said instead?
Question 2 (8 pts)
To obtain information on the boring properties of a certain type of snail, 35 specimens were buried
in soil for an extended period. The maximum depth (in mm) was then measured for each specimen,
yielding a sample mean depth of 52.7mm and a sample standard deviation of 4.8mm. Ecological
theory suggests that the true average depth should be greater than 50 mm. Do the sample data
support the theory? State the null and alternative hypothesis, the claim, the name of the test you
used and why you can apply it in this case, provide the standardized test statistic, evaluate it using
a p-value and draw a conclusion. Assume α=0.05. Round all values to 3 decimal places.
Question 3 (5 pts)
In how many of the distinct permutations of the letters in MISSISSIPPI do the four “I”s come
together? Hint: these are distinguishable permutations.
Question 4 (6 pts)
A research study was conducted to examine the clinical efficacy of a new drug. 140 patients were
randomly assigned to one of three groups: a placebo group, a group that received a low dose of the
drug, and a group that received a moderate dose of the drug. After four weeks of treatment, the
patients were tested, with higher scores indicating a larger effect of the drug. You have been asked
to test the hypothesis that the mean score differs among groups. A summary of the data is given
below:
Placebo Low Dose Moderate dose
40 28 17
35 34 9
45 46 12
37 35 22
… .. ..
a. What test would you use to address the problem?
b. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
c. What are the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom for the F-test you will use
d. Name the method you would use to assess whether the means for the low and moderate
groups differ after the test you identified in part a?
Question 5 (20 pts)
In an experiment to test the biological hypothesis that there is safety in numbers, the reaction
times (y) of flocks of doves of varying sizes (x) was observed. These data are summarized as:
∑ 𝑥 = 227; ∑ 𝑦 = 50.2; ∑ 𝑥 = 2567; ∑ 𝑦 = 123.4; ∑ 𝑥 𝑦 = 447.2;
𝑠 = 3.853; 𝑠 = 0.7930; n=23
a. Compute the sample correlation coefficient (report it to 3 decimal places) and test
whether it is significant at α = 0.05 using the rejection region approach (12 pts)
b. Find the best fit line that describes the data (report the estimates of a and b to 3 decimal
places and write out the regression formula) (5 pts)
c. The plot below shows the residuals plotted against x. What should this plot look like if the
regression was adequate? What does this pattern tell you about the regression? (3 pts)
Question 6 (16 pts)
On your way to a trailhead for a hike in bear country, a well-meaning logger tells you that 50% of
fatal black bear attacks are perpetrated by mother bears defending their cubs, and all other attacks
are more or less random (equally likely to be lone females or males). Being a naturally skeptical,
curious, and resourceful person, you dig up some data on fatal black bear attacks in North America
since 1900, and tally the results as follows:
Number of Documented
Type of Black Bear Attacks
Male 55
Female 3
Female with Cubs 5
Total 63
a. What type of test will you need to conduct to evaluate the logger’s claim, and what are the
null and alternative hypotheses? (3 pts)
b. Calculate and present the expected frequencies from these data, based on the expectation
that 50% of attacks will be from females with cubs, and 25% each from lone males, and
from lone females. (5 pts)
Type of Black Bear Observed Expected 2
Male 55
Female 3
Female with Cubs 5
Total 63
c. Given the information calculated in (b) do these data meet the requirements for running
the test you stated in (a)? (2 pts)
d. Calculate and present the standardized test statistic for running the test on this data (2
pts)
e. Test the null hypothesis associated with this test at a significance level α = 0.01, stating
the result of the test and relevant test values and drawing a conclusion (4 pts)
Question 7 (9 pts)
You collect data on the proportion of hauls in a fishery that have flatfish in the catch. You find that
of 82 hauls, 17 have flatfish. Find the best estimate of the proportion of hauls with flatfish and
compute a 90% confidence interval for the proportion.
Question 8 (11 pts)
At an agricultural station it was desired to test the effect of given fertilizer on wheat production.
To accomplish this 24 plots of land from a large set of possible plots, each having equal area, were
chosen: half of these were treated with the fertilizer and the other half were untreated (control
group). Otherwise, conditions were the same. The mean yield on the untreated plots was 4.8 kg
with a standard deviation of 4 kg, while the mean yield on the treated plots was 5.1 kg with a
standard deviation of 3.6 kg. Can we conclude that there is a significant improvement in wheat
production because of the fertilizer if a significance level of 1% is used? You can assume that the
two populations are normally distributed and the population variances are the same. State the null
and alternative hypothesis, the claim, the name of the test you used and why you can apply it in
this case, provide the standardized test statistic, evaluate it using the rejection region approach and
draw a conclusion. Round all values to 3 decimal places. Treat the plots as a sample from a much
larger set of possible plots.
Question 9 (4 pts)
What is the probability of obtaining 5 or fewer successes from a binomial experiment with 8 trials
and p=0.3?
Question 10 (3 pts)
If x has a normal distribution, and if P(x<10)=0.8413, what is the value of the mean of the
distribution if 2 16 .
Question 11 (6 pts)
The standard deviation of number of offspring of the population of rockfish off the west and east
coasts off the US are 0.6 and 0.7 respectively based on 13 and 21 years of sampling. Test the
hypothesis that there is more variability in the number of offspring off the east coast. Assume
=0.05. State the null and alternative hypothesis, the claim, the name of the test you used, provide
the standardized test statistic, evaluate it using a rejection region and draw a conclusion
Question 12 (15 pts)
A new cereal manufacturer claims that eating their cereal daily will lower total blood cholesterol
levels. Assume that total blood cholesterols are normally distributed. The table below shows the
total blood cholesterol levels of 7 people before and after one year of eating the cereal. At the 𝛼 =
0.05, is there evidence to support the claim? State the null and alternative hypothesis, the claim,
the name of the test you used and why you can apply it in this case, provide the standardized test
statistic, evaluate it using a rejection region and draw a conclusion.
Individual before after Difference
1 210 200 -10
2 225 220 -5
3 240 245 5
4 250 248 -2
5 255 252 -3
6 270 268 -2
7 235 232 -3
