Here is a refined version of your project description for the School Management System:

**School Management System**

**Overview:**

The project is titled **School Management System**, and its primary purpose is to manage school
operations efficiently using this software. This system will handle various aspects of school
management, including students, teachers, parents, administration, and technical staff.

The software will allow all stakeholders (students, teachers, parents, and administrators) to sign up
and benefit from its features. Key functionalities include:

- **Administrator Role:** The admin will manage students, teachers, and communication between
parents and staff. They will oversee overall operations, ensuring smooth functioning.

- **Teacher Role:** Teachers will manage student attendance, monitor and record student behavior
and academic performance, and facilitate parent-teacher meetings. They will also provide feedback
and conduct Parent-Teacher (P.T.) meetings.

- **Parent Role:** Parents will be able to track their child's progress, receive feedback, and
participate in P.T. meetings. They will have access to real-time updates on their child’s activities and
performance.

- **Student Role:** Students’ activities, such as attendance and academic actions, will be monitored
by both the teachers and parents to ensure proper guidance.

This software will manage each actor's role and responsibilities within the school, creating an
efficient communication network between administrators, teachers, students, and parents.
Additionally, the system will track and manage attendance (both student and teacher), revenues,
profits, expenses, and other school-related operations.

---

This version is more concise, professional, and clear. Let me know if you'd like any further
modifications!
Here’s a proper structure for the *Software Requirements Specification (SRS)* document tailored to
your **School Management System** project. Each section is designed to cover key aspects of your
project in detail, with a focus on clarity, completeness, and diagrams where necessary.

---

# Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

## 1. Introduction

### 1.1 Purpose

Clearly state the purpose of the School Management System, which is to manage various aspects of
school administration and communication, ensuring efficiency and real-time management of
student, teacher, and parent activities.

### 1.2 Scope

Define the boundaries of the system:

- Centralized platform for managing student, teacher, and parent activities.

- Web and mobile accessibility.

- Modules include attendance tracking, grading, scheduling, and fee management.

### 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

Include key terms used in the project. Example:

- **SRS**: Software Requirements Specification

- **SMS**: School Management System

- **Admin**: School administration

### 1.4 References

Mention any documents, websites, or research papers that influenced the design of the project.

### 1.5 Overview

Provide a brief outline of what the rest of the SRS will cover.
---

## 2. Overall Description

### 2.1 Product Perspective

Describe how the School Management System fits within the broader context of school operations.
This could include a block diagram showing relationships between students, teachers, parents, and
the admin.

**Diagram:**

Include a **Context Diagram** to illustrate the relationships between the actors and the system.

### 2.2 Product Features

List the major features of the system:

- **Attendance Management**: Record and track attendance of both students and teachers.

- **Grading System**: Manage student performance and report grades.

- **Fee Processing**: Automate payment tracking and fee structures.

- **Communication**: Facilitate interaction between students, teachers, parents, and

administrators.

- **Real-Time Reporting**: Provide live updates and reports to help decision-making.

### 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics

Identify the user types:

- **Administrator**: Manages the system.

- **Teacher**: Updates student records, manages attendance, and organizes P.T. meetings.

- **Parent**: Tracks student progress and communicates with teachers.

- **Student**: Views grades and reports.

### 2.4 Operating Environment

Specify the environment in which the system will operate:

- **Platform**: Web and mobile applications.

- **Technologies**: HTML, CSS, JavaScript for the front-end; Python/Django, SQL for the back-end.
### 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints

Mention any system constraints, like:

- Compatibility with existing systems.

- Security and data privacy regulations.

### 2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies

State any assumptions like internet availability, smartphone accessibility for mobile users, etc.

---

## 3. System Features

### 3.1 Feature 1: User Management

- **Description**: Ability to register, login, and manage users based on roles (admin, teacher,
student, parent).

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR1.1: The system shall allow users to register using an email and password.

- FR1.2: Admin shall manage user roles.

**Diagram:**

Include a **Use Case Diagram** showing how different actors (Admin, Teacher, Student, Parent)
interact with the system.

### 3.2 Feature 2: Attendance Management

- **Description**: Track attendance for students and teachers.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR2.1: Teachers can mark attendance.

- FR2.2: Admin can generate attendance reports.

### 3.3 Feature 3: Grading System

- **Description**: Track and manage student grades.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR3.1: Teachers can input grades for students.

 - FR3.2: Parents can view their child’s grades.

### 3.4 Feature 4: Communication Module

- **Description**: Enable communication between parents, teachers, and admin.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR4.1: Parents and teachers can communicate via the platform.

- FR4.2: Admin can broadcast announcements to users.

**Diagram:**

Include a **Sequence Diagram** for a Parent-Teacher interaction.

### 3.5 Feature 5: Financial Management (Fee Processing)

- **Description**: Manage and track payments and school fees.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR5.1: Parents can view fee dues.

- FR5.2: Admin can track fee payments and generate reports.

---

## 4. External Interface Requirements

### 4.1 User Interfaces

- **Web Interface**: Detail the layout of web pages, buttons, forms for attendance, grading, etc.

- **Mobile Interface**: Define the mobile app interface for easier access.

**Diagram:**

Provide **Wireframes** for key pages like Login, Dashboard, and Reports.

### 4.2 Hardware Interfaces

Specify any required hardware like:

- Servers to host the web application.

- Mobile devices for end users.

### 4.3 Software Interfaces

List any necessary software dependencies, like:

- **Django Framework** for backend processing.

- **PostgreSQL** for database management.

### 4.4 Communication Interfaces

Mention communication protocols such as:

- HTTPS for secure communication between users and the server.

---

## 5. Non-Functional Requirements

### 5.1 Performance Requirements

- The system should handle up to 1000 users concurrently.

- Load time for any page should not exceed 3 seconds.

### 5.2 Security Requirements

- Data encryption (AES) for sensitive information like student records.

- Multi-factor authentication for admin users.

### 5.3 Usability Requirements

- User-friendly interface suitable for non-technical users (parents, teachers).

- Intuitive navigation through minimal clicks to perform key tasks.

### 5.4 Reliability

- System uptime should be 99.9%.

- Regular backups should be maintained.

### 5.5 Portability

- The system should be compatible with both Android and iOS platforms for mobile applications.
---

## 6. Other Requirements

### 6.1 Legal and Regulatory Requirements

- Compliance with **FERPA** (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) for student data privacy.

### 6.2 Ethical Requirements

- Ensure that user data is never shared without permission.

---

## 7. Diagrams and Models

Include any additional diagrams such as:

- **Class Diagrams** to show system components.

- **ER Diagrams** for database schema design.

---

## 8. Appendix

Add any additional information that supports the document, such as references to external APIs or
libraries used in the project.

---

This structure ensures that every aspect of the system is clearly documented and diagrams are used
to enhance understanding. Let me know if you need any help with creating the diagrams or further
refining this structure!
 Software Requirements Specification
(SRS)

ManagEd
A School Management System

Prepared by:
1. Aman Alam [22DPCS030HY]
2. Md Nadeem Akhtar [22DPCS013HY]

## **1. Introduction**
### 1.1 Purpose
The purpose of the **School Management System (SMS)** is to provide a centralized and efficient
platform to manage school operations, including students, teachers, parents, and administrators. It
automates tasks like attendance tracking, grade management, fee processing, and communication,
streamlining school activities and promoting better management.

### 1.2 Scope

The system is designed to serve educational institutions by automating routine operations:

- **Users**: Admins, Teachers, Students, Parents.

- **Modules**: Attendance, Grading, Fee Management, Communication, Scheduling.

- **Platform**: Web and mobile support.

- The system offers real-time access to data and reports, promoting efficient school management.

### 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

- **SRS**: Software Requirements Specification

- **SMS**: School Management System

- **P.T.**: Parent-Teacher

- **Admin**: Administrator

### 1.4 References

List any standards, textbooks, or online resources used. Example:

- **IEEE 830-1998** for SRS guidelines.

- Articles on **FERPA compliance** for handling student data.

### 1.5 Overview

The rest of the SRS describes the functionalities of the School Management System, including
detailed requirements, interface design, and performance constraints.

---

## **2. Overall Description**

### 2.1 Product Perspective

Describe how the SMS integrates into the school’s ecosystem. It acts as a hub connecting students,
teachers, parents, and administrators for smoother operations.

**Diagram**:

Include a **Context Diagram** showing how the different users interact with the system.

### 2.2 Product Features

Summarize the key features:

- **Attendance Management**: Automated attendance tracking for students and teachers.

- **Grading System**: Teachers can input grades, and parents can view progress.

- **Fee Processing**: Streamlined payment management.

- **Communication**: Direct messaging and notifications between parents, teachers, and admins.

- **Scheduling**: Timetable management for teachers and students.

### 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics

Define each user role:

- **Admin**: Manages users, data, and system operations.

- **Teacher**: Manages attendance and grades, and conducts P.T. meetings.

- **Parent**: Monitors student progress and communicates with teachers.

- **Student**: Tracks their own progress, views grades, and schedules.

### 2.4 Operating Environment

Outline the hardware and software requirements:

- **Platform**: Web-based and mobile-friendly.

- **Back-end**: Django framework, PostgreSQL database.

- **Front-end**: HTML5, CSS, JavaScript (for web); React Native (for mobile).

### 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints

Include limitations like:

- **Data Privacy**: Must adhere to **FERPA** standards.

- **Security**: User roles must ensure restricted access.

### 2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies

- Users have reliable internet access.

- The system depends on third-party services like email APIs for communication.

---

## **3. System Features**

### 3.1 Feature 1: User Management

- **Description**: Users can register and log in according to their roles (admin, teacher, parent,
student).

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR1.1: Users must register with a valid email and password.

- FR1.2: Admins can assign roles to users after registration.

**Diagram**:

Include a **Use Case Diagram** showing user roles (Admin, Teacher, Parent, Student) and their
interactions.

### 3.2 Feature 2: Attendance Management

- **Description**: Teachers will record and monitor student attendance.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR2.1: Teachers can mark students as present/absent.

- FR2.2: Admins can view and export attendance reports.

### 3.3 Feature 3: Grading System

- **Description**: Teachers can input student grades, which are visible to parents and students.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR3.1: Teachers shall enter grades for assignments and exams.

- FR3.2: Parents can access grade reports in real-time.

**Diagram**:

Use a **Sequence Diagram** to illustrate how the grading system works (Teacher inputs grades,
system updates parent and student views).

### 3.4 Feature 4: Fee Management

- **Description**: The system automates school fee processing.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR4.1: Parents can view and pay pending fees online.

- FR4.2: Admins can generate reports on fee payments and dues.

### 3.5 Feature 5: Communication Module

- **Description**: Facilitates communication between parents, teachers, and the administration.

- **Functional Requirements**:

- FR5.1: Parents and teachers can exchange messages through the platform.

- FR5.2: Admin can broadcast announcements to all users.

**Diagram**:

A **Use Case Diagram** to show communication flows between actors.

---

## **4. External Interface Requirements**

### 4.1 User Interfaces

- **Web Interface**: Simple and intuitive layout with modules for attendance, grading, and fees.

- **Mobile Interface**: Responsive design, compatible with iOS and Android.

**Diagram**:

Provide **Wireframes** for the Login screen, Dashboard, and Parent/Teacher interaction screens.

### 4.2 Hardware Interfaces

Specify required hardware for hosting and accessing the system:

- **Server Requirements**: High-availability cloud servers.

- **Mobile Devices**: iOS and Android compatibility.

### 4.3 Software Interfaces

- **APIs**: Integration with third-party email or notification services for announcements and
communication.

- **Database**: Interaction with PostgreSQL for storing user and school data.

### 4.4 Communication Interfaces

- **Protocol**: The system will communicate using HTTPS for secure data transmission.

---

## **5. Non-Functional Requirements**

### 5.1 Performance Requirements

- The system should handle up to **500 concurrent users**.

- **Response time** should be under **2 seconds** for any user action.

### 5.2 Security Requirements

- All sensitive data will be encrypted using **AES-256**.

- **Role-based access control (RBAC)** ensures that only authorized users can access specific
features.

### 5.3 Usability Requirements

- The system must be user-friendly for non-technical users, particularly parents and teachers.

- **User guides** will be provided for onboarding.

### 5.4 Reliability

- The system should have a **99.9% uptime**.

- Regular backups will be taken daily.

### 5.5 Portability

- Compatible with all modern web browsers.

- Mobile applications should work on Android and iOS devices.

---

## **6. Other Requirements**

### 6.1 Legal and Regulatory Requirements

- The system must comply with **FERPA** regulations, ensuring student privacy.

- Data storage should adhere to **GDPR** for European users, if applicable.

### 6.2 Ethical Requirements

- Ensure no student data is used for marketing or any unauthorized purposes.

---

## **7. Diagrams and Models**

### 7.1 ER Diagram

Provide a detailed **ER Diagram** showing how user data, attendance, grades, and fees are stored
and related in the database.

### 7.2 Class Diagram

Show a **Class Diagram** to represent the system’s structure, including classes like **User**,
**Admin**, **Teacher**, **Student**, **Attendance**, **Grades**, and **Fees**.

---

## **8. Appendix**

### 8.1 Glossary

Define any additional terms used in the project.

### 8.2 References

Provide a list of references to documents, APIs, or third-party libraries used.

---

### **Key Takeaways**:

- **Customization**: Make sure all diagrams are directly related to your system.

- **Diagrams**: Include all diagrams such as **Context Diagrams**, **Use Case Diagrams**, **ER
Diagrams**, and **Wireframes**.

- **Detailed Requirements**: Clearly describe both functional and non-functional requirements.

- **Legal Compliance**: Pay attention to privacy laws like **FERPA**.

By following this structure closely and ensuring all parts are detailed and precise, you should be able
to avoid any rejections from your teacher. Let me know if you need help with creating the diagrams!
 Software Requirements Specification
(SRS)

ManagEd
A School Management System

Prepared by:
1. Aman Alam [22DPCS030HY]
2. Md Nadeem Akhtar [22DPCS013HY]

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document
is to detail the requirements, functionalities, and design constraints of the
School Management System (SMS). The SMS is intended to provide an
integrated solution to manage and automate various school operations
efficiently.

The system will serve multiple stakeholders—students, teachers,

parents, and administrators—and will handle essential school
management functions such as attendance tracking, grading, fee
management, and communication between stakeholders. By offering a
centralized platform, the system aims to improve communication,
streamline administrative tasks, and enhance overall educational
management.

This SRS defines the expected behaviour, performance, and operational

environment of the system, ensuring that all project objectives are clearly
outlined and met during development.

The purpose of the SRS is also to serve as a contract between the

developers and the stakeholders, ensuring that all parties have a mutual
understanding of the system's requirements and features before
implementation begins.

1.2 Scope

The School Management System (SMS) is developed to digitalize and

streamline the administrative, academic, and communication processes
within a school. The system aims to provide an integrated platform to
manage students, teachers, parents, and administrators, reducing manual
workload, enhancing communication, and improving overall efficiency.

This system will handle the following primary functions:

 User Management: The SMS will offer role-based access, allowing

administrators, teachers, parents, and students to register and log
in. Each user will have access to specific functionalities based on
their role, ensuring that data and features are securely managed.

 Attendance Management: The system will enable teachers to

record and monitor student attendance, while administrators can
generate detailed attendance reports for students and teachers.
Automated reminders and notifications will ensure accurate
tracking.
  Grading System: Teachers will input student grades into the
system, allowing parents and students to view progress reports in
real time. The system will also support report card generation and
provide insights into student performance over time.

 Fee Management: The SMS will automate fee collection and

processing, allowing parents to view and pay pending fees online.
Administrators will have access to financial reports, allowing them to
track revenue, expenses, and outstanding payments efficiently.

 Communication Module: The system will facilitate direct

communication between parents, teachers, and school
administrators. It will support notifications, messaging, and the
broadcasting of important school announcements to ensure that all
stakeholders stay informed.

 Scheduling and Timetable Management: Teachers and

administrators will have the ability to create and modify timetables,
while students can access their class schedules. The system will also
support automated notifications for schedule changes.

The system will be accessible through both web and mobile platforms,
allowing all stakeholders to interact seamlessly, whether they are at
school or remote. By providing real-time data updates and centralized
information management, the system ensures transparency, reduces
administrative burdens, and improves decision-making across the school
community.

1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

Definitions:

School Management System (SMS): An integrated software

application designed to manage and streamline various administrative
and educational functions within a school environment.

 User: Any individual who interacts with the SMS, including

administrators, teachers, students, and parents.

 Administrator: A user role responsible for managing the overall

system, including user access, data integrity, and administrative
tasks.
  Teacher: A user role that manages student attendance, grades, and
communication with parents and administrators.

 Parent: A user role that monitors their child's academic progress

and communicates with teachers through the system.

 Student: A user role that tracks their own academic performance,

attendance, and schedules.

 Attendance Management: A feature within the SMS that allows

teachers to record and monitor student attendance.

 Grading System: A module that enables teachers to input and

manage student grades and allows parents and students to view
performance reports.

 Fee Management: A feature that automates the collection and

tracking of school fees, providing real-time financial information to
administrators and parents.

 Communication Module: A functionality that facilitates messaging

and notifications between users within the system.

Acronyms and Abbreviations:

 SRS: Software Requirements Specification

 SMS: School Management System
 P.T.: Parent-Teacher
 API: Application Programming Interface
 UI: User Interface
 UX: User Experience
 FERPA: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
 GDPR: General Data Protection Regulation

1.4 References
1. IEEE Standards Association. (1998). IEEE 830-1998: IEEE
Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications.
Available at: [IEEE Xplore](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/720601)
This document provides guidelines and best practices for writing
software requirements specifications.
2. U.S. Department of Education. (1974). Family Educational Rights
and Privacy Act (FERPA). Available at: [U.S. Department of Education]
(https://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html)
This act outlines the privacy rights of students and the requirements for
educational institutions regarding the handling of student information.

3. European Union. (2016). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Available at: [GDPR Info](https://gdpr-info.eu/)
The GDPR sets forth regulations on data protection and privacy in the
European Union and the European Economic Area, which may influence
system requirements.

4. W3C. (2021). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1.

Available at: [W3C](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/)
This document provides guidelines to ensure that web content is
accessible to people with disabilities, essential for the SMS’s web
interface.

5. Nielsen, J. (2012). Usability 101: Introduction to Usability. Available at:

[Nielsen Norman Group](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/usability-101-
introduction-to-usability/)
This article provides an overview of usability principles, which will
inform the user interface and user experience design of the SMS.

6. Fowler, M. (2003). UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object

Modeling Language. Addison-Wesley.
This book serves as a guide to using UML (Unified Modeling Language)
for modeling software systems, relevant for creating diagrams in the SRS.

1.5 Overview
This Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document outlines the
requirements for the School Management System (SMS), a
comprehensive software solution designed to improve the management of
school operations. The SMS aims to facilitate efficient communication and
interaction among students, teachers, parents, and school administrators
while automating routine administrative tasks.
The document is structured to provide detailed information on the
system's intended features, functionalities, and constraints. It covers:
 Functional Requirements: A detailed description of the core
features, including user management, attendance tracking, grading,
fee management, communication modules, and scheduling. Each
requirement outlines the expected behavior of the system from a
user perspective.
 Non-Functional Requirements: Specifications related to system
performance, security, usability, reliability, and portability, ensuring
that the SMS meets quality standards and regulatory requirements.

 System Architecture: An overview of the technical environment,

including software and hardware interfaces, communication
protocols, and system dependencies, which will guide the
implementation process.

 User Classes and Characteristics: A breakdown of the different

user roles within the SMS, detailing their specific responsibilities and
how they interact with the system.

 Diagrams and Models: Visual representations, including use case

diagrams, sequence diagrams, class diagrams, and entity-
relationship diagrams, which illustrate system interactions and data
flow.
 2. Overall Discription

2.1 Product Perspective

The School Management System (SMS) is a web-based application

designed to streamline and enhance the administrative and educational
processes within a school environment. It provides a centralized platform
for managing essential functions, enabling seamless interaction among
students, teachers, parents, and administrators.

The SMS will be positioned as a standalone solution that integrates

multiple modules to cover a wide range of school operations. The product
will interact with various external systems and services, such as payment
gateways for fee processing and communication platforms for notifications
and messaging.

Key Characteristics:

1. Integration Capabilities: The SMS will support integration with

existing school systems, such as Learning Management Systems (LMS)
and third-party educational tools, ensuring a cohesive user experience
and data synchronization.

2. User-Centric Design: The system is designed to cater to the diverse

needs of its users. Role-based access will allow administrators, teachers,
parents, and students to interact with the system according to their
specific functionalities, ensuring ease of use and security.

3. Scalability: The architecture of the SMS will be scalable, allowing for

the addition of new features and the ability to accommodate increasing
numbers of users as the school grows.

4. Accessibility: The SMS will be accessible via both web and mobile
applications, ensuring that users can access the system anytime,
anywhere. This feature supports a more flexible and efficient approach to
school management.
5. Real-Time Data Processing: The system will provide real-time
updates on critical information, such as attendance records and grades,
enabling informed decision-making and timely communication among
stakeholders.

6. Data Security and Privacy: The SMS will implement robust security
measures to protect sensitive student and school data, complying with
relevant regulations such as FERPA and GDPR.

Context Diagram:
### **Context Diagram**
+-------------------+
| Parents |
+-------------------+
| ^
| | (1) Pay Fees
| |
| |
| v
+--------------------+
| Payment Gateway |
+--------------------+
^ |
| |
| | (2) Receive Payment Confirmation
| |
| |
+-------------------+ +----------------------------+ +--------------------+
| Admin | ---> | School Management System | <--- | Teachers
|
| | | (SMS) | | |
| | | | | |
+-------------------+ +----------------------------+ +--------------------+
 ^ ^
| |
| | (3) Manage Attendance/Grades
| |
| | (4) View Attendance/Grades
| |
v v
+-------------------+
| Students |
+-------------------+

### **Description of Connections:**

1. **Parents**:
- Can pay fees through the **Payment Gateway** and receive payment
confirmation.
- Can also view their child's progress via the SMS.

2. **Payment Gateway**:
- Handles the payment transactions for fees.
- Sends confirmation back to the **School Management System (SMS)**
regarding successful payments.

3. **Admin**:
- Manages the SMS, overseeing user accounts, student data, and
communication with other users (Teachers, Students, Parents).
- Admin can manage attendance and grades.

4. **Teachers**:
- Manage student attendance and grades and communicate with parents
and students.
- They view attendance and grades through the SMS.
5. **Students**:
- Can view their grades and attendance records via the SMS.

### **Explanation:**
- The **School Management System (SMS)** acts as the central hub that
connects all users (Admin, Teachers, Students, Parents) and the
**Payment Gateway**.
- The arrows indicate the direction of communication, showing how
**Parents** interact with both the SMS and the **Payment Gateway**.

### **Final Considerations:**

- This diagram clearly outlines the interactions within your **School
Management System**, particularly the payment process involving
parents.
- You can include this structured representation in your SRS document to
ensure clarity about how different roles interact with the system.

2.2 Product Features

The School Management System (SMS) includes several essential
features designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of school
operations. The key functionalities are as follows:
1. User Management:
 Role-based access control for administrators, teachers, parents, and
students.
 User registration and profile management.
2. Attendance Management:
 Automated tracking of student and teacher attendance.
 Ability for teachers to mark attendance and generate reports.
3. Grading System:
 Interface for teachers to input and manage student grades.
 Real-time access to grades and performance reports for students
and parents.
4. Fee Management:
  Online fee payment processing through a secure payment gateway.
 Tracking of fee status, including dues and payment confirmations.
5. Communication Module:
 Messaging system for communication between teachers, parents,
and administrators.
 Notification system for important updates, announcements, and
reminders.
6. Scheduling:
 Timetable management for classes and exams.
 Notification of schedule changes to students and teachers.

7. Reporting and Analytics:

 Generation of reports on attendance, grades, and financial data.
 Dashboards for administrators to monitor overall school
performance.
8. Mobile and Web Accessibility:
 User-friendly interfaces accessible via both web and mobile
platforms.
 Support for multiple devices to ensure seamless access.
Summary
The SMS is designed to streamline school administration, improve
communication, and enhance the overall educational experience for all
stakeholders. By providing a centralized platform with these core features,
the system aims to address the diverse needs of modern educational
institutions.

### **2.3 User Classes and Characteristics**

The **School Management System (SMS)** is designed to

accommodate various user roles, each with distinct responsibilities and
access privileges:

1. **Administrator**:
- **Role**: Manages the overall system operations.
 - **Responsibilities**: User account management, system settings,
data integrity, and report generation.
- **Access**: Full access to all modules and functionalities.

2. **Teachers**:
- **Role**: Facilitators of student learning and assessment.
- **Responsibilities**: Recording attendance, managing grades,
communicating with parents, and scheduling classes.
- **Access**: Access to student records, attendance management,
grading, and communication tools.

3. **Parents**:
- **Role**: Guardians responsible for monitoring their child’s academic
progress.
- **Responsibilities**: Viewing grades, attendance records, and
communicating with teachers.
- **Access**: Limited access to their child’s information and payment
functionalities.

4. **Students**:
- **Role**: Primary users of the SMS for their academic activities.
- **Responsibilities**: Accessing grades, attendance, and course
materials.
- **Access**: View their own records and participate in communication
with teachers and parents.

### **Summary**
Each user class interacts with the SMS according to their specific roles,
ensuring that the system meets the diverse needs of the educational
community while maintaining data security and privacy.

---
This version keeps the information concise while clearly outlining the user
classes and their characteristics. Let me know if you need any further
adjustments or additional sections!

Here’s a refined and concise version of the **Operating Environment**

section for your **School Management System (SMS)** SRS document:

---

### **2.4 Operating Environment**

The **School Management System (SMS)** will operate in the following

environments:

1. **Hardware Requirements**:
- **Server**: A dedicated or cloud-based server with minimum
specifications of 8 GB RAM, 4 CPU cores, and 500 GB SSD storage to
handle user load and data storage.
- **Client Devices**: Access via standard desktop and laptop computers,
as well as mobile devices (smartphones and tablets) with internet
connectivity.

2. **Software Requirements**:
- **Server-Side**:
- Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04 or later / Windows Server 2019 or
later.
- Web Server: Apache or Nginx.
- Database: PostgreSQL or MySQL.
- Programming Language: Python (Django framework).
- **Client-Side**:
- Supported Browsers: Latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and
Edge.
- Mobile Platforms: Android (version 5.0 or higher) and iOS (version 12
or higher).
3. **Network Requirements**:
- A reliable internet connection with a minimum bandwidth of 2 Mbps for
optimal performance.
- Secure VPN access for remote administrative operations and sensitive
data transactions.

### **Summary**
This operating environment ensures that the SMS functions efficiently,
providing users with a seamless experience across various devices while
maintaining robust security and data integrity.

---

This version is concise while still covering all necessary details about the
operating environment for your project. Let me know if you need any
further adjustments or additional sections!

Here’s a concise version of the **Assumptions and Dependencies**

section for your **School Management System (SMS)** SRS document:

---

### **2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies**

1. **Assumptions**:
- Users have reliable internet access to utilize the SMS effectively.
- All users possess basic computer literacy and are familiar with using
web and mobile applications.
- The SMS will be deployed in a secure environment compliant with data
protection regulations.

2. **Dependencies**:
 - The SMS relies on third-party services for payment processing and
email notifications.
- The system depends on external APIs for real-time data integration
with existing school systems.
- Continuous maintenance and updates will be required to ensure
compatibility with evolving technologies.

---

This version captures the essential assumptions and dependencies in a

straightforward manner. Let me know if you need any further adjustments
or additional sections!

Here’s a refined version of the **System Features** section (3.1 to 3.5) for
your **School Management System (SMS)** SRS document, including
concise descriptions for each feature and a simple textual representation
for the diagrams.

---

### **3. System Features**

#### **3.1 User Management**

**Description**: This feature allows for role-based access control within
the SMS.

- **Functional Requirements**:
- **FR1**: Users can register based on their role (Admin, Teacher, Parent,
Student).
- **FR2**: The system will allow administrators to manage user accounts,
including role assignments.

**Diagram**:
```
+-----------+
| Users |
+-----------+
|
| Registers/Logs In
|
+-----------------+
| User Management|
| Module |
+-----------------+
|
| Manages
|
+-----------------+
| User Accounts |
+-----------------+
```

---

#### **3.2 Attendance Management**

**Description**: Enables tracking of student and teacher attendance
efficiently.

- **Functional Requirements**:
- **FR3**: Teachers can mark attendance and view reports.
- **FR4**: Admins can generate attendance summaries for reporting
purposes.

**Diagram**:
```
+-----------------+
| Teachers |
+-----------------+
|
| Marks Attendance
|
+-----------------+
| Attendance |
| Management |
| Module |
+-----------------+
|
| Generates Reports
|
+-----------------+
| Attendance |
| Reports |
+-----------------+
```

---

#### **3.3 Grading System**

**Description**: Allows teachers to manage student grades and provide
feedback.

- **Functional Requirements**:
- **FR5**: Teachers can input and update student grades.
- **FR6**: Students and parents can view grade reports in real time.
**Diagram**:
```
+-----------------+
| Teachers |
+-----------------+
|
| Inputs/Updates Grades
|
+-----------------+
| Grading |
| System |
| Module |
+-----------------+
|
| Displays Grades
|
+-----------------+
| Students/Parents|
| View |
+-----------------+
```

---

#### **3.4 Fee Management**

**Description**: Automates the fee collection process and tracks
payments.

- **Functional Requirements**:
- **FR7**: Parents can view and pay school fees online.
 - **FR8**: Admin can track payment status and generate financial
reports.

**Diagram**:
```
+-----------------+
| Parents |
+-----------------+
|
| Pays Fees
|
+-----------------+
| Fee Management |
| Module |
+-----------------+
|
| Tracks Payments
|
+-----------------+
| Payment Status |
+-----------------+
```

---

#### **3.5 Communication Module**

**Description**: Facilitates communication between all stakeholders.

- **Functional Requirements**:
- **FR9**: Teachers and parents can send messages through the system.
 - **FR10**: Admin can broadcast announcements to all users.

**Diagram**:
```
+-----------------+
| Admin |
+-----------------+
|
| Broadcasts Messages
|
+-----------------+
| Communication |
| Module |
+-----------------+
|
| Sends Messages
|
+-----------------+
| Teachers/Parents |
+-----------------+
```

---

### Summary
Each feature is designed to enhance the functionality and usability of the
SMS, providing stakeholders with the necessary tools to manage school
operations effectively. The diagrams visually summarize the interaction
flow for each module, ensuring clarity and understanding.
This refined version meets the requirements of your SRS while
maintaining a clear and professional format. If you need any additional
changes or details, please let me know!

Here’s a refined version of the **External Interface Requirements**

section (4.1 to 4.4) for your **School Management System (SMS)** SRS
document. Each point includes a clear description and a diagram that
illustrates the interactions effectively.

---

### **4. External Interface Requirements**

#### **4.1 User Interfaces**

The **User Interface (UI)** of the SMS will be designed to ensure usability,
accessibility, and a seamless experience across all user roles (Admin,
Teachers, Parents, Students). The following interfaces will be
implemented:

1. **Admin Interface**:
- **Dashboard**: Overview of school operations, user statistics, and
alerts.
- **User Management**: Add, edit, and delete user accounts, assign
roles.
- **Attendance Management**: View attendance reports, track overall
student attendance.
- **Financial Management**: Access fee payment statuses and generate
financial reports.

2. **Teacher Interface**:
- **Dashboard**: Quick access to attendance and grading modules.
- **Attendance Recording**: Input attendance for classes and view
historical records.
- **Grading Module**: Enter and manage student grades, generate
reports.
3. **Parent Interface**:
- **Dashboard**: Overview of child’s academic performance and
attendance.
- **Fee Management**: View outstanding fees and make payments.
- **Communication**: Message teachers and receive updates.

4. **Student Interface**:
- **Dashboard**: Access grades, attendance, and schedules.
- **Feedback Module**: Submit queries or feedback to teachers.

**Diagram**:
```
+---------------------+
| Users |
+---------------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| User Interfaces |
| |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Admin Interface | |
| +-----------------+ |
| |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Teacher Interface| |
| +-----------------+ |
| |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Parent Interface | |
| +-----------------+ |
| |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Student Interface| |
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
```

---

#### **4.2 Hardware Interfaces**

The SMS will operate on the following hardware configurations:

1. **Server-Side**:
- **Dedicated Server**: Minimum specifications of 16 GB RAM, 8 CPU
cores, and 1 TB SSD for optimal performance.
- **Backup Server**: Used for data redundancy and disaster recovery.

2. **Client-Side**:
- **Devices**: Desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
- **Network Requirements**: Wi-Fi or wired network with a minimum
bandwidth of 5 Mbps.

**Diagram**:
```
+---------------------+
| Hardware |
| Interfaces |
+---------------------+
 |
|
v
+---------------------+
| Server-Side |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Dedicated Server | |
| +-----------------+ |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Backup Server ||
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| Client-Side |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Desktop ||
| +-----------------+ |
| | Laptop ||
| +-----------------+ |
| | Tablet ||
| +-----------------+ |
| | Smartphone ||
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
```

---
#### **4.3 Software Interfaces**
The SMS will utilize the following software components:

1. **Back-End**:
- **Framework**: Django (Python) for application development.
- **Database Management**: PostgreSQL for data storage and retrieval.
- **Web Server**: Apache or Nginx for serving web content.

2. **Front-End**:
- **Technologies**: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript (React or Angular) for
building responsive user interfaces.

3. **APIs**:
- **Payment Gateway API**: For processing online fee transactions.
- **Email Notification API**: For sending alerts and communication.

**Diagram**:
```
+---------------------+
| Software Interfaces|
+---------------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| Back-End |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Django ||
| +-----------------+ |
| | PostgreSQL ||
| +-----------------+ |
| | Apache/Nginx ||
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| Front-End |
| +-----------------+ |
| | HTML5/CSS3 ||
| +-----------------+ |
| | JavaScript ||
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| APIs |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Payment Gateway | |
| +-----------------+ |
| | Email Notification| |
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
```

---
#### **4.4 Communication Interfaces**
The SMS will utilize the following communication protocols:

1. **Data Transmission**:
- **Protocol**: HTTPS for secure communication between clients and the
server.
- **WebSocket**: For real-time communication features, such as instant
messaging between users.

2. **Third-Party Integrations**:
- **RESTful APIs**: For integration with external systems (e.g., payment
processing and notification services).

**Diagram**:
```
+---------------------+
| Communication |
| Interfaces |
+---------------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| Data Transmission |
| +-----------------+ |
| | HTTPS ||
| +-----------------+ |
| | WebSocket ||
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
 |
|
v
+---------------------+
| Third-Party |
| Integrations |
| +-----------------+ |
| | RESTful APIs | |
| +-----------------+ |
+---------------------+
```

---

### Summary
This refined version of the **External Interface Requirements** section,
including clear descriptions and diagrams for each point, should provide a
comprehensive overview of how users interact with the system, its
hardware and software requirements, and communication protocols. This
clarity is crucial for ensuring acceptance in your SRS document.

If you need any further adjustments or additions, just let me know!

Here’s a refined version of the **Non-Functional Requirements** section

for your **School Management System (SMS)** SRS document, structured
clearly to avoid any potential rejections:

---

### **5. Non-Functional Requirements**

Non-functional requirements define the quality attributes, system

performance, and constraints that the **School Management System
(SMS)** must adhere to in order to ensure a robust and effective user
experience.

#### **5.1 Performance Requirements**

- **Response Time**: The system should respond to user actions within 2
seconds under normal operating conditions.
- **Throughput**: The SMS should handle a minimum of 500 concurrent
users without degradation in performance.
- **Scalability**: The system must be able to scale to accommodate
increased user load and data volume seamlessly.

#### **5.2 Security Requirements**

- **Data Encryption**: All sensitive data, including user credentials and
payment information, must be encrypted using AES-256 encryption.
- **Access Control**: Role-based access control (RBAC) must be
implemented to ensure that users can only access data and features
relevant to their role.
- **Authentication**: The system should support multi-factor
authentication (MFA) for administrators and sensitive user accounts.

#### **5.3 Usability Requirements**

- **User Interface**: The SMS should have an intuitive and user-friendly
interface that is easy to navigate for all user roles.
- **Accessibility**: The system must comply with Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 to ensure usability for users with
disabilities.
- **Documentation**: Comprehensive user guides and help documentation
should be provided to assist users in navigating and utilizing the system
effectively.

#### **5.4 Reliability Requirements**

- **System Uptime**: The SMS should achieve an uptime of 99.9%,
ensuring high availability for users.
- **Backup and Recovery**: Automated daily backups must be
implemented, with the ability to restore data within a maximum of 2 hours
in the event of a failure.
- **Error Handling**: The system should gracefully handle errors, providing
users with clear and actionable error messages.

#### **5.5 Portability Requirements**

- **Cross-Platform Compatibility**: The SMS must be accessible on all
major operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and browsers (Chrome,
Firefox, Safari, Edge).
- **Mobile Responsiveness**: The system should provide a responsive
design that works effectively on mobile devices, ensuring usability on
smartphones and tablets.

---

### Summary
This refined section clearly outlines the **Non-Functional Requirements**
of the **School Management System**, focusing on performance, security,
usability, reliability, and portability. Each requirement is specific and
measurable, ensuring that the system will meet the needs of its users
effectively.

If you have any further adjustments or need more sections, please let me
know!

Here’s a refined version of the **Other Requirements** section for your

**School Management System (SMS)** SRS document, tailored specifically
for the context of India:

---

### **6. Other Requirements**

This section outlines additional requirements essential for the proper

functioning of the **School Management System (SMS)** within the Indian
context. These include legal, regulatory, ethical, and environmental
considerations.
#### **6.1 Legal and Regulatory Requirements**
- **FERPA Compliance**: Although specific to the United States, the SMS
should incorporate similar principles to protect the privacy of student
educational records, ensuring that only authorized personnel can access
sensitive information.

- **Indian Data Protection Laws**: The SMS must comply with the
**Information Technology Act, 2000**, and the **Rules for Protection of
Personal Data**, which govern the collection, storage, and processing of
personal data in India. Compliance ensures protection against
unauthorized access and data breaches.

- **RTI Compliance**: The system should be designed to accommodate

requests under the **Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005**, ensuring
transparency in handling student and institutional data.

- **Payment Compliance**: The SMS must comply with guidelines set by

the **Reserve Bank of India (RBI)** for online transactions and adhere to
the **Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007**, to ensure secure
handling of financial transactions during fee payments.

#### **6.2 Ethical Requirements**

- **Data Privacy**: The SMS must prioritize user privacy by ensuring
personal and academic information is securely stored and only accessible
to authorized individuals. Clear privacy policies must inform users about
data collection, usage, and protection measures.

- **Transparency**: The system should maintain transparency by outlining

the roles and responsibilities of users (admin, teachers, students,
parents), ensuring that each user understands their access privileges and
the data they manage.

#### **6.3 Environmental Requirements**

- **Hosting and Sustainability**: The system should be hosted on energy-
efficient servers to minimize environmental impact. Utilize green cloud
infrastructure to support eco-friendly initiatives and reduce carbon
footprint.

#### **6.4 Safety Requirements**

- **Data Backup and Recovery**: Implement a robust backup system to
prevent data loss. In the event of a failure or disaster, the system must
recover data within 2 hours to ensure continuity of operations.

- **System Security**: The system must be protected against cyber

threats, including hacking attempts, data breaches, and malware. Regular
security audits should be conducted to identify and address
vulnerabilities.

---

### Summary
This **Other Requirements** section ensures that the **School
Management System** adheres to important legal, regulatory, ethical,
and environmental considerations relevant to India. Addressing these
requirements helps to mitigate legal risks, protect user data, and foster
trust among users.

This version should meet the expectations for your SRS document while
reflecting the Indian context accurately. If you need further adjustments or
additional sections, just let me know!

Let's create a clear and precise **User Interface (UI) Diagram** for your
**School Management System (SMS)** based on the description provided
in section **4.1**. The diagram will represent the interactions for each
user role within the system.

### **4.1 User Interfaces Diagram**

This diagram will show how different users (Admin, Teachers, Parents, and
Students) interact with the **School Management System**.
Here’s a detailed representation of the UI diagram:

```plaintext
+---------------------+
| Users |
+---------------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| User Interfaces |
+---------------------+
|
+-------------------------+------------------------+
| | |
v v v
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Admin Interface | | Teacher Interface| | Parent Interface |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
| - Dashboard | | - Dashboard | | - Dashboard |
| - User Mgmt | | - Attendance | | - Child's Info |
| - Attendance | | - Grading | | - Fee Mgmt |
| - Financial Mgmt| | - Communication | | - Communication |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
|
|
v
+---------------------+
| Student Interface |
+---------------------+
 | - Dashboard |
| - Grades |
| - Attendance |
| - Feedback |
+---------------------+
```

### **Description of the Diagram:**

- **Users**: Represents all the individuals who will interact with the SMS.
- **User Interfaces**: Central hub for all user interactions with the SMS.
- **Admin Interface**:
- Dashboard: Overview of operations.
- User Management: Managing user roles and accounts.
- Attendance: Tracking student attendance.
- Financial Management: Monitoring fees and financial reports.
- **Teacher Interface**:
- Dashboard: Access to critical functions.
- Attendance: Marking and managing student attendance.
- Grading: Inputting and managing grades.
- Communication: Messaging system for communication with parents and
students.
- **Parent Interface**:
- Dashboard: Overview of child’s academic performance.
- Child's Info: Access to their child's records.
- Fee Management: Viewing and paying outstanding fees.
- Communication: Messaging teachers and receiving updates.
- **Student Interface**:
- Dashboard: Quick access to their academic information.
- Grades: Viewing their grades and performance.
- Attendance: Checking attendance records.
 - Feedback: Submitting queries or feedback to teachers.

### Notes for Inclusion in SRS:

- Ensure that this diagram is clearly labeled and visually distinct in your
SRS document.
- Consider using software like Lucidchart, Draw.io, or Microsoft Visio to
create a digital version of this diagram for better presentation.

This structured representation should help clarify user interactions with

the SMS, reducing the risk of rejection from your teacher. If you need
further adjustments or have additional requests, let me know!

Let’s create a proper **Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram** for your

**School Management System (SMS)**, focusing on clarity and ensuring it
meets your project requirements to avoid any rejections. Below is a
detailed representation of the ER diagram along with its components.

### **ER Diagram for School Management System (SMS)**

Here’s a visual representation of the ER diagram, which can be drawn

using diagramming tools like Lucidchart, Draw.io, or Microsoft Visio. Since I
can’t create images directly here, I'll provide a detailed description that
you can easily implement.

---

### **Entities and Their Attributes**

1. **Students**
- **Attributes**:
- `Student_ID (PK)`
- `Name`
- `Email`
- `Phone`
 - `Class_ID (FK)`

2. **Teachers**
- **Attributes**:
- `Teacher_ID (PK)`
- `Name`
- `Email`
- `Phone`
- `Subject_ID (FK)`

3. **Parents**
- **Attributes**:
- `Parent_ID (PK)`
- `Name`
- `Email`
- `Phone`
- `Student_ID (FK)`

4. **Attendance**
- **Attributes**:
- `Attendance_ID (PK)`
- `Date`
- `Status` (Present/Absent)
- `Student_ID (FK)`
- `Teacher_ID (FK)`

5. **Grading**
- **Attributes**:
- `Grade_ID (PK)`
- `Student_ID (FK)`
 - `Teacher_ID (FK)`
- `Subject_ID (FK)`
- `Score`

6. **Subjects**
- **Attributes**:
- `Subject_ID (PK)`
- `Name`
- `Teacher_ID (FK)`

7. **Fees**
- **Attributes**:
- `Fee_ID (PK)`
- `Amount`
- `Status` (Paid/Pending)
- `Student_ID (FK)`

---

### **Relationships Between Entities**

- **Students to Parents**:
- **Relationship**: Each student can have one or more parents.
- **Cardinality**: One-to-Many (1:N)

- **Students to Attendance**:
- **Relationship**: Each student can have multiple attendance records.
- **Cardinality**: One-to-Many (1:N)

- **Students to Grading**:
 - **Relationship**: Each student can have multiple grades for different
subjects.
- **Cardinality**: One-to-Many (1:N)

- **Students to Fees**:
- **Relationship**: Each student can have multiple fee records.
- **Cardinality**: One-to-Many (1:N)

- **Teachers to Subjects**:
- **Relationship**: Each teacher can teach multiple subjects.
- **Cardinality**: One-to-Many (1:N)

- **Teachers to Attendance**:
- **Relationship**: Each teacher can record attendance for multiple
students.
- **Cardinality**: One-to-Many (1:N)

- **Teachers to Grading**:
- **Relationship**: Each teacher can grade multiple students.
- **Cardinality**: One-to-Many (1:N)

---

### **Visual Representation of the ER Diagram**

Here’s a textual layout you can use to create the ER diagram visually:

```plaintext
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+
| Students | | Teachers | | Parents |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+
| Student_ID (PK) |<---------+ | Teacher_ID (PK) | | Parent_ID (PK) |
| Name | | Name | | Name |
| Email | | Email | | Email |
| Phone | | Phone | | Phone |
| Class_ID (FK) | | Subject_ID (FK) | | Student_ID (FK)|
+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
+-------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | Attendance | |
+---------| Attendance_ID (PK)| |
| Date |<----------------+
| Status |
| Student_ID (FK) |
| Teacher_ID (FK) |
+--------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------+
| Grading |
+--------------------+
| Grade_ID (PK) |
| Student_ID (FK) |
| Teacher_ID (FK) |
| Subject_ID (FK) |
 | Score |
+--------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------+
| Subjects |
+--------------------+
| Subject_ID (PK) |
| Name |
| Teacher_ID (FK) |
+--------------------+
|
|
|
+--------------------+
| Fees |
+--------------------+
| Fee_ID (PK) |
| Amount |
| Status |
| Student_ID (FK) |
+--------------------+
```

### Instructions for Creating the Visual Diagram:

1. **Open a Diagram Tool**: Use software like Lucidchart, Draw.io, or
Microsoft Visio.
2. **Create Entities**: Use rectangles to represent each entity, labeling
them with their names.
3. **Add Attributes**: Inside each rectangle, list the attributes, marking
primary keys (PK) and foreign keys (FK).
4. **Draw Relationships**: Use lines to connect the related entities, adding
labels for cardinality (1:N, N:1, etc.) where necessary.

### Summary
This **ER Diagram** captures the essential entities and relationships
within your **School Management System (SMS)**. Ensure that when
creating a visual representation, all entities and relationships are clearly
labeled to meet the requirements of your SRS document and avoid
rejection.

If you need further assistance or adjustments, please let me know!

Let’s refine the **Class Diagram** for your **School Management System
(SMS)** to make the connections between the classes and actors (users)
clearer. This will help ensure that all relationships are well-defined and
easy to understand.

### Refined Class Diagram Structure

Here’s a clearer and more organized **Class Diagram** that emphasizes

the relationships between different user roles (actors) and the associated
classes:

### Textual Layout of the Class Diagram

```plaintext
+---------------------+
| User |
+---------------------+
| - user_id: int |
| - name: string |
| - email: string |
| - phone: string |
+---------------------+
| + login() |
| + logout() |
+---------------------+
^
|
+-----+-----+--------+-------+
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
+----------------+ +----------------+ +----------------+
| Admin || Teacher || Parent |
+----------------+ +----------------+ +----------------+
| | | - subject: string| | - student_id: int|
| + manageUsers()| | | | + viewChildProgress()|
| + generateReports()| | + recordAttendance() | | + payFees() |
| | | + enterGrades() | +----------------+
| | +----------------+
+----------------+
|
|
|
+---------------------+
| Student |
+---------------------+
| - class_id: int |
| + viewGrades() |
| + viewAttendance() |
+---------------------+
 |
|
|
+---------------------+
| Attendance |
+---------------------+
| - attendance_id: int |
| - date: date |
| - status: string |
| - student_id: int |
| - teacher_id: int |
+---------------------+
| + markAttendance() |
| + getAttendanceReport()|
+---------------------+
|
|
|
+---------------------+
| Grading |
+---------------------+
| - grade_id: int |
| - student_id: int |
| - subject_id: int |
| - score: float |
+---------------------+
| + assignGrade() |
| + getGradeReport() |
+---------------------+
|
 |
|
+---------------------+
| Fee |
+---------------------+
| - fee_id: int |
| - amount: float |
| - status: string |
| - student_id: int |
+---------------------+
| + processPayment() |
| + getFeeStatus() |
+---------------------+
|
|
|
+---------------------+
| Subject |
+---------------------+
| - subject_id: int |
| - name: string |
| - teacher_id: int |
+---------------------+
| + assignTeacher() |
| + getSubjectInfo() |
+---------------------+
```

### Explanation of the Class Diagram:

1. **User**:
- **Base Class** for all user roles with common attributes and methods.

2. **Admin**:
- Inherits from **User**.
- Responsible for managing users and generating reports.

3. **Teacher**:
- Inherits from **User**.
- Has attributes for the subject taught and methods for recording
attendance and entering grades.

4. **Student**:
- Inherits from **User**.
- Has attributes for class and methods for viewing grades and
attendance.

5. **Parent**:
- Inherits from **User**.
- Can view their child's progress and make fee payments.

6. **Attendance**:
- Records attendance details including status, date, and associated
student and teacher IDs.

7. **Grading**:
- Manages grades for students, linked to students and subjects.

8. **Fee**:
- Handles payment details and status related to students.
9. **Subject**:
- Contains information about subjects, including the teacher assigned.

### Creating a Visual Class Diagram

You can take this refined textual layout and create a visual representation
using tools like **Lucidchart**, **Draw.io**, or **Microsoft Visio**. Here’s
how to do it:

1. **Open a Diagram Tool**: Choose your preferred diagramming software.

2. **Create Classes**: Draw rectangles for each class, including the class
name, attributes, and methods.
3. **Indicate Inheritance**: Use arrows to show that **Admin**,
**Teacher**, **Student**, and **Parent** inherit from the **User** class.
4. **Connect Related Classes**: Draw lines between **Attendance**,
**Grading**, **Fee**, and **Subject** to show how they relate to
**Student** and **Teacher**.

### Summary
This refined **Class Diagram** layout provides a clear structure that
emphasizes the relationships between the different classes in your
**School Management System**. By implementing this in a visual
diagram, you will create a comprehensive representation that should meet
your teacher's standards and avoid rejection.

If you need further clarification or additional adjustments, please let me

know!

Here’s a refined version of the **Appendix** section for your **School

Management System (SMS)** SRS document, tailored for your context as
a student from Hyderabad, India:

### **8. Appendix**

#### **8.1 Glossary**

- **Administrator (Admin)**: A user role responsible for managing the
school management system, including user accounts, reports, and system
settings.
- **Attendance**: The record of whether a student was present or absent
on a specific date.
- **Class**: A group of students who are taught together in a specific
subject.
- **Fee**: The amount charged for education services, including tuition,
examination fees, and activity fees.
- **Grading**: The process of assessing and recording students’
performance in their courses.
- **Parent**: A guardian of a student who can access their child’s
academic information and communicate with teachers.
- **Student**: An individual enrolled in the school who participates in
educational programs.
- **Subject**: A specific area of study, such as Mathematics, Science, or
English.

#### **8.2 References**

1. **National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)**. (n.d.). *Guidelines for
Implementation of School Management System*. Available at: [NIOS]
(https://www.nios.ac.in)
- Guidelines on implementing a school management system in India.

2. **Ministry of Education, Government of India**. (2020). *National

Education Policy (NEP) 2020*. Available at: [MoE](https://www.moe.gov.in)
- The NEP outlines the framework for education reforms and
improvements in India.

3. **U.S. Department of Education**. (1974). *Family Educational Rights

and Privacy Act (FERPA)*. Available at: [U.S. Department of Education]
(https://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html)
- This act outlines the privacy rights of students regarding their
educational records.
4. **Nielsen, J.** (2012). *Usability 101: Introduction to Usability*.
Available at: [Nielsen Norman
Group](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/usability-101-introduction-to-
usability/)
- Overview of usability principles important for the design of user
interfaces.

#### **8.3 Additional Diagrams**

- Include any additional diagrams or visual representations that support
your SRS, such as:
- **Use Case Diagrams**: Illustrate how different users interact with the
system.
- **Sequence Diagrams**: Show the flow of messages or operations
between objects in a particular use case.
- **Flowcharts**: Represent processes and decision points in the
system's functionality.

#### **8.4 Change Log**

- **Version 1.0** - Initial release of the SRS document.
- **Version 1.1** - Added glossary and references section.

---

### Summary
This refined **Appendix** section includes relevant references specific to
the Indian educational context, such as guidelines from the National
Institute of Open Schooling and the National Education Policy. It also
provides a glossary for quick reference, ensuring clarity and completeness
in your SRS document.

If you need any further adjustments or additional content to be included,

please let me know!